检索结果-内蒙古大学图书馆

arXiv 2021年

作者： Lyu, Bo Wang, Shengbo Wen, Shiping Shi, Kaibo Yang, Yin Zeng, Lingfang Huang, Tingwen Zhejiang Lab Hangzhou311121 China School of Computer Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu611731 China Australian AI Institute Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology University of Technology SydneyNSW2007 Australia School of Information Science and Engineering Chengdu University Chengdu611040 China College of Science and Engineering Hamad Bin Khalifa University Doha5855 Qatar Science Program Texas A & M University at Qatar Doha23874 Qatar

The sparse representation of graphs has shown great potential for accelerating the computation of graph applications (e.g., Social Networks, Knowledge Graphs) on traditional computing architectures (CPU, GPU, or TPU). But the exploration of large-scale sparse graph computing on processing-in-memory (PIM) platforms (typically with memristive crossbars) is still in its infancy. To implement the computation or storage of large-scale or batch graphs on memristive crossbars, a natural assumption is that a large-scale crossbar is demanded, but with low utilization. Some recent works question this assumption, to avoid the waste of storage and computational resource, the fixed-size or progressively scheduled "block partition" schemes are proposed. However, these methods are coarse-grained or static, and are not effectively sparsity-aware. This work proposes the dynamic sparsity-aware mapping scheme generating method that models the problem with a sequential decision-making model, and optimizes it by reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm (REINFORCE). Our generating model (LSTM, combined with the dynamic-fill scheme) generates remarkable mapping performance on a small-scale graph/matrix data (complete mapping costs 43% area of the original matrix) and two large-scale matrix data (costing 22.5% area on qh882 and 17.1% area on qh1484). Our method may be extended to sparse graph computing on other PIM architectures, not limited to the memristive device-based platforms. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Memory architecture

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Interfacial Layer Materials with a Truxene Core for Dopant-Free NiOx-Based Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

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Small 2024年第33期20卷 2470248-2470248页

作者： Ramanujam, Rajarathinam Hsu, Hsiang-Lin Shi, Zhong-En Lung, Chien-Yu Lee, Chin-Han Wubie, Gebremariam Zebene Chen, Chih-Ping Sun, Shih-Sheng Institute of Chemistry Academia Sinica Nankang Taipei11529 Taiwan Taiwan International Graduate Program Sustainable Chemical Science and Technology Academia Sinica Nankang Taipei11529 Taiwan Department of Applied Chemistry National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu30050 Taiwan Department of Materials Engineering Ming Chi University of Technology 84 Gunjuan Road Taishan New Taipei City24301 Taiwan College of Engineering and Center for Sustainability and Energy Technologies Chang Gung University Taoyuan33302 Taiwan

Nickel oxide (NiOx) is commonly used as a holetransporting material (HTM) in p-i-n perovskite solar cells. However, the weak chemical interaction between the NiOx and CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) interface results in poor crystallinity, ineffective hole extraction, and enhanced carrier recombination, which are the leading causes for the limited stability and power conversion efficiency (PCE). Herein, two HTMs, TRUX-D1 (N2,N7,N12-tris(9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-5,5,10,10,15,15-hexaheptyl-N2,N7,N12-tris(4-methoxyphenyl)-10,15-dihydro-5H-diindeno[1,2-a:1′,2′-c]fluorene-2,7,12-triamine) and TRUX-D2 (5,5,10,10,15,15-hexaheptyl-N2,N7,N12-tris(4-methoxyphenyl)-N2,N7,N12-tris(10-methyl-10H-phenothiazin-3-yl)-10,15-dihydro-5H-diindeno[1,2-a:1′,2′-c]fluorene-2,7,12-triamine), are designed with a rigid planar C3 symmetry truxene core integrated with electron-donating amino groups at peripheral positions. The TRUX-D molecules are employed as effective interfacial layer (IFL) materials between the NiOx and MAPbI3 interface. The incorporation of truxene-based IFLs improves the quality of perovskite crystallinity, minimizes nonradiative recombination, and accelerates charge extraction which has been confirmed by various characterization techniques. As a result, the TRUX-D1 exhibits a maximum PCE of up to 20.8% with an impressive long-term stability. The unencapsulated device retains 98% of their initial performance following 210 days of aging in a glove box and 75.5% for the device after 80 days under ambient air condition with humidity over 40% at 25 °C. © 2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH.

关键词： Passivation

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Ortho-positronium Lifetime For Soft-tissue Classification

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Avachat, Ashish V. Mahmoud, Kholod H. Leja, Anthony G. Xu, Jiajie J. Anastasio, Mark A. Sivaguru, Mayandi Di Fulvio, Angela Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science University of Pittsburgh United States Department of Bioengineering University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign United States Department of Nuclear Plasma and Radiological Engineering University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign United States Department of Clinical Medicine University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign United States Animal Care Program University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign United States Cytometry and Microscopy to Omics Facility Roy J Carver Biotechnology Center University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign United States

The objective of this work is to showcase the ortho-positronium lifetime as a probe for soft-tissue characterization. We employed positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy to experimentally measure the three components of the positron annihilation lifetime-para-positronium (p-Ps), positron, and ortho-positronium (o-Ps)-for three types of porcine, non-fixated soft tissues ex vivo: adipose, hepatic, and muscle. Then, we benchmarked our measurements with X-ray phase-contrast imaging, which is the current state-of-the-art for soft-tissue analysis. We found that the o-Ps lifetime in adipose tissues (2.54 }0.12 ns) was approximately 20% longer than in hepatic (2.04 }0.09 ns) and muscle (2.03 }0.12 ns) tissues. In addition, the separation between the measurements for adipose tissue and the other tissues was better from o-Ps lifetime measurement than from X-ray phase-contrast imaging. This experimental study proved that the o-Ps lifetime is a viable non-invasive probe for characterizing and classifying the different soft tissues. Specifically, o-Ps lifetime as a soft-tissue characterization probe had a strong sensitivity to the lipid content that can be potentially implemented in commercial positron emission tomography scanners that feature list-mode data acquisition. © 2024, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Probes

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Randomizing hypergraphs preserving degree correlation and local clustering

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Nakajima, Kazuki Shudo, Kazuyuki Masuda, Naoki Department of Mathematical and Computing Science Tokyo Institute of Technology Japan Department of Mathematics State University of New York Buffalo United States Computational and Data-Enabled Science and Engineering Program State University of New York Buffalo United States Faculty of Science and Engineering Waseda University Japan

Many complex systems involve direct interactions among more than two entities and can be represented by hypergraphs, in which hyperedges encode higher-order interactions among an arbitrary number of nodes. To analyze structures and dynamics of given hypergraphs, a solid practice is to compare them with those for randomized hypergraphs that preserve some specific properties of the original hypergraphs. In the present study, we propose a family of such reference models for hypergraphs, called the hyper dk-series, by extending the so-called dk-series for dyadic networks to the case of hypergraphs. The hyper dk-series preserves up to the individual node’s degree, node’s degree correlation, node’s redundancy coefficient, and/or the hyperedge’s size depending on the parameter values. Furthermore, we numerically find that higher-order hyper dk-series more accurately preserves the shortest path length and degree distribution of the one-mode projection of the original hypergraph, which the method does not intend to preserve. We also apply the hyper dk-series to numerical simulations of epidemic spreading and evolutionary game dynamics on empirical social hypergraphs. We find that the hyperedge’s size affects these dynamics more than any of the node’s properties and that the node’s degree correlation and redundancy in the empirical hypergraphs promote cooperation. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Redundancy

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Pinching and Probing of Polygonal Grain Boundaries

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2023年

作者： Sarkar, N. Bandaru, P.R. Dynes, R.C. Department of Mechanical Engineering University of California San Diego La Jolla CA92093-0411 United States Department of Physics University of California San Diego La Jolla CA92093-0411 United States Program in Materials Science University of California San Diego La Jolla CA92093-0411 United States

In this study, sub-angstrom spatial resolution is achieved in mapping and spectroscopy of atoms and bonds within polygonal grain boundaries (GBs) of graphite using Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM). Robust van Hove singularities (VHS) are observed in addition to edge states under ambient conditions. The bias-dependent nature of these states reveals metallic traits of GB, through the charge accumulation and dissipation of localized electronic states. Utilizing a surface elastic deformation technique induced by STM tip allows "pico-pinching" of the GB, providing insights into its mechanical strength as well as in-situ strain-induced modification of their unique spectroscopy, revealing a tendency toward flattening of the electronic energy band dispersion. An initial atomic-level experimental technique of probing spin-polarized magnetic states is demonstrated, suggesting different densities for spin-up and spin-down states within a spin-degenerate band structure potentially applicable in spin transport or quantum spin sensing. © 2023, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Grain boundaries

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Unlocking Green Potential: Enhancing Biomass Valorization Via Thermal Depolymerization With Spent Catalysts

SSRN

引用

SSRN 2023年

作者： Damayanti, Damayanti Wulandari, Yeni Ria Marpaung, David Septian Supriyadi, Didik Yohana, Dian Tessa Saputri, Desi Riana Sanjaya, Andri Fahni, Yunita Taharuddin, Taharuddin Wu, Ho Shing Department of Chemical Engineering Institut Teknologi Sumatera Jl. Terusan Ryacudu Way Huwi Kec. Jati Agung Lampung Selatan 35365 Indonesia Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Yuan Ze University 135 Yuan Tung Road Chung Li Taoyuan320315 Taiwan Study Program of Industrial Chemical Engineering Technology Lampung State Polytechnic Indonesia Department of Biosystems Engineering Institut Teknologi Sumatera Jl. Terusan Ryacudu Way Huwi Kec. Jati Agung Lampung Selatan 35365 Indonesia Institut Teknologi Sumatera Indonesia

Biomass is globally recognized as an up-and-coming environmentally friendly carbon-based energy source, Suitable catalysts for managing thermal depolymerization of biomass present an alternative method for reducing overall energy usage while maintaining the *** spent catalyst could increase bio-organics production by up to 11%,31%,6%,and 21% in rice straw,brown solid,alkaline, and dealkaline lignin pyrolysis, respectively. The amount of biochar produced in the thermal depolymerization was reduced to 18%,27%,35%,and 32% in rice straw, brown solid, alkaline, and dealkaline pyrolysis, respectively, upon utilizing the spent catalyst. These findings indicate the potential of the spent catalyst for the biomass thermal depolymerization process. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Lignin

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A NOVEL APPROACH FOR DEFECT DETECTION OF WIND TURBINE BLADE USING VIRTUAL REALITY AND DEEP LEARNING

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2023年

作者： Rabbi, Md Fazle Emon, Solayman Hossain Nishat, Ehtesham Mahmud Tseng, Tzu-Liang Ferdoushi, Atira Huang, Chun-Che Rahman, Md Fashiar Department of Industrial Manufacturing and Systems Engineering The University of Texas El PasoTX79968 United States Data Science Program The University of Texas at El Paso El PasoTX79968 United States Khulna9203 Bangladesh University of Rajshahi Rajshahi6205 Bangladesh National Chi Nan University Pu-Li Taiwan

Wind turbines are subjected to continuous rotational stresses and unusual external forces such as storms, lightning, strikes by flying objects, etc., which may cause defects in turbine blades. Hence, it requires a periodical inspection to ensure proper functionality and avoid catastrophic failure. The task of inspection is challenging due to the remote location and inconvenient reachability by human inspection. Researchers used images with cropped defects from the wind turbine in the literature. They neglected possible background biases, which may hinder real-time and autonomous defect detection using aerial vehicles such as drones or others. To overcome such challenges, in this paper, we experiment with defect detection accuracy by having the defects with the background using a two-step deep-learning methodology. In the first step, we develop virtual models of wind turbines to synthesize the near-reality images for four types of common defects - cracks, leading edge erosion, bending, and light striking damage. The Unity® perception package is used to generate wind turbine blade defects images with variations in background, randomness, camera angle, and light effects. In the second step, a customized U-Net architecture is trained to classify and segment the defect in turbine blades. The outcomes of U-Net architecture have been thoroughly tested and compared with 5-fold validation datasets. The proposed methodology provides reasonable defect detection accuracy, making it suitable for autonomous and remote inspection through aerial vehicles. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Turbomachine blades

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Automating the Practice of science – Opportunities, Challenges, and Implications

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2024年

作者： Musslick, Sebastian Bartlett, Laura K. Chandramouli, Suyog H. Dubova, Marina Gobet, Fernand Griffiths, Thomas L. Hullman, Jessica King, Ross D. Nathan Kutz, J. Lucas, Christopher G. Mahesh, Suhas Pestilli, Franco Sloman, Sabina J. Holmes, William R. Institute of Cognitive Science Osnabrück University Osnabrück49090 Germany Department of Cognitive Linguistic & Psychological Sciences Brown University ProvidenceRI02912 United States Centre for Philosophy of Natural and Social Science London School of Economics Lakatos Building Houghton Street LondonWC2A 2AE United Kingdom AaltoFI-00076 Finland Department of Computing Science University of Alberta 8900 114 St NW EdmontonABT6G 2S4 Canada Cognitive Science Program Indiana University 1101 E 10th St BloomingtonIN47405 United States School of Psychology University of Roehampton LondonSW15 4JD United Kingdom Departments of Psychology and Computer Science Princeton University PrincetonNJ United States Department of Computer Science Northwestern University IL United States Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology University of Cambridge CambridgeCB3 0AS United Kingdom Department of Computer Science and Engineering Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg412 96 Sweden Department of Applied Mathematics and Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Washington Seattle98195 United States School of Informatics University of Edinburgh 10 Crichton St. EH8 9AB United Kingdom Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Toronto Canada Department of Psychology Department of Neuroscience The University of Texas AustinTX United States Department of Computer Science University of Manchester M13 9PL United Kingdom

Automation transformed various aspects of our human civilization, revolutionizing industries and streamlining processes. In the domain of scientific inquiry, automated approaches emerged as powerful tools, holding promise for accelerating discovery, enhancing reproducibility, and overcoming the traditional impediments to scientific progress. This article evaluates the scope of automation within scientific practice and assesses recent approaches. Furthermore, it discusses different perspectives to the following questions: Where do the greatest opportunities lie for automation in scientific practice?;What are the current bottlenecks of automating scientific practice?;and What are significant ethical and practical consequences of automating scientific practice? By discussing the motivations behind automated science, analyzing the hurdles encountered, and examining its implications, this article invites researchers, policymakers, and stakeholders to navigate the rapidly evolving frontier of automated scientific practice. © 2024, CC BY.

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Functional Connectome-Based Predictive Modeling in Autism

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BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY 2022年第8期92卷 626-642页

作者： Horien, Corey Floris, Dorothea L. Greene, Abigail S. Noble, Stephanie Rolison, Max Tejavibulya, Link O'Connor, David McPartland, James C. Scheinost, Dustin Chawarska, Katarzyna Lake, Evelyn M. R. Constable, R. Todd [a]Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program Yale School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut [b]MD-PhD Program Yale School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut [c]Department of Pediatrics Yale School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut [d]Department of Neurosurgery Yale School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut [e]Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging Yale School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut [f]Department of Biomedical Engineering Yale University New Haven Connecticut [g]Department of Psychology Yale University New Haven Connecticut [h]Department of Statistics and Data Science Yale University New Haven Connecticut [i]Yale Child Study Center New Haven Connecticut [j]Methods of Plasticity Research Department of Psychology University of Zürich Zurich Switzerland [k]Donders Center for Brain Cognition and Behavior Radboud University Nijmegen Nijmegen The Netherlands

Autism is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental condition, and functional magnetic resonance imaging-based studies have helped advance our understanding of its effects on brain network activity. We review how predictive modeling, using measures of functional connectivity and symptoms, has helped reveal key insights into this condition. We discuss how different prediction frameworks can further our understanding of the brain-based features that underlie complex autism symptomatology and consider how predictive models may be used in clinical settings. Throughout, we highlight aspects of study interpretation, such as data decay and sampling biases, that require consideration within the context of this condition. We close by suggesting exciting future directions for predictive modeling in autism.

关键词： Clinical translation Development Fingerprinting Individual differences Machine learning Resting-state fMRI

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Characterization of Coulomb Interactions in Electron Transport through a Single Hetero-Helicene Molecular Junction Using Scanning Tunneling Microscopy

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2024年

作者： Shi, Yueqing Bi, Liya Wang, Zihao Liang, Kangkai Li, Ji-Kun Wang, Xiao-Ye Li, Wan-Lu Li, Shaowei Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California La Jolla San DiegoCA92093-0309 United States Program in Materials Science and Engineering University of California La Jolla San DiegoCA92093-0418 United States State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin300071 China Aiiso Yufeng Li Family Department of Chemical and Nano Engineering University of California La Jolla San DiegoCA92093-0448 United States

Characterization of the structural and electron transport properties of single chiral molecules provides critical insights into the interplay between their electronic structure and electrochemical environments, providing broader implications given the significance of molecular chirality in chiroptical applications and pharmaceutical sciences. Here, we examined the topographic and electronic features of a recently developed chiral molecule, B,N-embedded double hetero[7]helicene, at the edge of Cu(100)-supported NaCl thin film with scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy. An electron transport energy gap of 3.2 eV is measured, which is significantly larger than the energy difference between the highest occupied and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals given by theoretical calculations or optical measurements. Through first-principles calculations, we demonstrated that this energy discrepancy results from the Coulomb interaction between the tunneling electron and the molecule's electrons. This occurs in electron transport processes when the molecule is well decoupled from the electrodes by the insulating decoupling layers, leading to a temporary ionization of the molecule during electron tunneling. Beyond revealing properties concerning a specific molecule, our findings underscore the key role of Coulomb interactions in modulating electron transport in molecular junctions, providing insights into the interpretation of scanning tunneling spectroscopy features of molecules decoupled by insulating layers. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Sodium chloride

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