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Physical Review Letters 2023年第5期131卷 059602-059602页

作者： Dongbin Shin Nicolas Tancogne-Dejean Jin Zhang Mahmut Sait Okyay Angel Rubio Noejung Park Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter and Center for Free-Electron Laser Science Luruper Chaussee 149 22761 Hamburg Germany Department of Physics and Photon Science Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) Gwangju 61005 Republic of Korea Materials Science & Engineering Program Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering Department of Physics & Astronomy and Department of Chemistry University of California-Riverside Riverside 92521 California USA Nano-Bio Spectroscopy Group Departamento de Fsica de Materiales Universidad del Pas Vasco 20018 San Sebastian Spain Center for Computational Quantum Physics (CCQ) The Flatiron Institute 162 Fifth avenue New York New York 10010 USA Department of Physics Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) UNIST-gil 50 Ulsan 44919 Korea

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Reexamining the ethical, legal, social, and cultural implications for cochlear implants through a novel neuroethics framework

Reexamining the ethical, legal, social, and cultural implica...

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International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS)

作者： Noeline W. Prins Rebecca Monteleone Joana Soldado-Magraner Joanne E. Nash Michael J. Young Laura Cabrera Faculty of Engineering University of Ruhuna Hapugala Sri Lanka Disability Studies Program University of Toledo Toledo USA Department of Biomedical Engineering Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh USA Department Biological Sciences University of Toronto Scarborough Toronto Canada Harvard Medical School Division of Neurocritical Care Harvard University Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics Department of Philosophy Penn State University

In the last few decades humanity has experienced a true technological revolution. The discoveries of this Information Era have found applications in myriad domains. Most recently, there has been an explosion of new information technologies designed to directly communicate with our bodies, and most notably, our brains. These so-called neurotechnologies might fundamentally transform the way we interact with the external world, and promise to revolutionize the medical field. Neurological and psychiatric conditions have been identified as some of the most pressing public health challenges of this century, given that relatively little is known about their causes, and that they are becoming a major concern among an increasingly aging population. Therefore, there is a tremendous incentive to promote the development of more advanced neurotechnologies. However, there has not been a similar drive to analyze the implications that such technologies might have on both individuals with these disorders, their caregivers and society in general. Here, as part of the IEEE Brain Neuroethics Initiative, we present a framework to analyze issues that might arise when designing and using a wide range of medical neurotechnologies. To illustrate the utility of our framework, we apply it to one of the most established medical neurotechnologies to date, cochlear implants. We highlight a range of ethical implications on safety, wellbeing, and agency, among other factors, as well as potential legal, societal and cultural considerations. Through this case study, we exemplify the benefits of analyzing neurotechnologies using our ethical framework, and encourage neurotechnology stakeholders such as researchers, engineers, clinicians, funding agents and end users to apply it in order to guide responsible development and deployment of neurotechnologies. 1 Authors contributed equally and both should be recognized as first author

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Ginkgolide B facilitates muscle regeneration via rejuvenating osteocalcin-mediated bone-to-muscle modulation in aged mice

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Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle 2023年第3期14卷 1349-1364页

作者： Belle Yu-Hsuan Wang Yi-Fan Chen Allen Wei-Ting Hsiao Wan-Jing Chen Chien-Wei Lee Oscar Kuang-Sheng Lee Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory SH Ho Scoliosis Research Laboratory Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong. Center for Neuromusculoskeletal Restorative Medicine CUHK InnoHK Centres Hong Kong Science Park Hong Kong. The Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine College of Medical Science and Technology Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan. Graduate Institute of Translational Medicine College of Medical Science and Technology Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan. International Ph.D. Program for Translational Science College of Medical Science and Technology Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan. Master Program in Clinical Genomics and Proteomics School of Pharmacy Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan. Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology Faculty of Medicine Prince of Wales Hospital The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong. Center for Translational Genomics & Regenerative Medicine Research China Medical University Hospital China Medical University Taichung Taiwan. Department of Biomedical Engineering China Medical University Taichung Taiwan. Department of Orthopedics China Medical University Hospital Taichung Taiwan. Institute of Clinical Medicine National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei Taiwan.

BACKGROUND:The progressive deterioration of tissue-tissue crosstalk with aging causes a striking impairment of tissue homeostasis and functionality, particularly in the musculoskeletal system. Rejuvenation of the systemic and local milieu via interventions such as heterochronic parabiosis and exercise has been reported to improve musculoskeletal homeostasis in aged organisms. We have shown that Ginkgolide B (GB), a small molecule from Ginkgo biloba, improves bone homeostasis in aged mice by restoring local and systemic communication, implying a potential for maintaining skeletal muscle homeostasis and enhancing regeneration. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic efficacy of GB on skeletal muscle regeneration in aged mice. METHODS:Muscle injury models were established by barium chloride induction into the hind limb of 20-month-old mice (aged mice) and into C2C12-derived myotubes. Therapeutic efficacy of daily administrated GB (12 mg/kg body weight) and osteocalcin (50 μg/kg body weight) on muscle regeneration was assessed by histochemical staining, gene expression, flow cytometry, ex vivo muscle function test and rotarod test. RNA sequencing was used to explore the mechanism of GB on muscle regeneration, with subsequent in vitro and in vivo experiments validating these findings. RESULTS:GB administration in aged mice improved muscle regeneration (muscle mass, P = 0.0374; myofiber number/field, P = 0.0001; centre nucleus, embryonic myosin heavy chain-positive myofiber area, P = 0.0144), facilitated the recovery of muscle contractile properties (tetanic force, P = 0.0002; twitch force, P = 0.0005) and exercise performance (rotarod performance, P = 0.002), and reduced muscular fibrosis (collagen deposition, P < 0.0001) and inflammation (macrophage infiltration, P = 0.03). GB reversed the aging-related decrease in the expression of osteocalcin (P < 0.0001), an osteoblast-specific hormone, to promote muscle regeneration. Exogenous osteocalcin supplementation was

关键词： Ginkgolide B aging osteocalcin rejuvenation skeletal muscle regeneration

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Batik Pemalang Organic Wastewater Composition and Simple Electrocoagulation-Filtration Treatment 1

Batik Pemalang Organic Wastewater Composition and Simple Ele...

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1st International Conference on Environment, Sustainability Issues and Community Development, INCRID 2019

作者： Pratiwi, N.I. Sari, S.R. Arifan, F. Wulandari, A.T. Alkian, I. Mustasjar, B. Aji, M.B.F.B. Department of Physics Faculty of Science and Mathematics Diponegoro University Indonesia Department of Engineering Architectural Engineering Diponegoro University Indonesia Department of Industrial Chemical Engineering Technology Vocational School Diponegoro University Indonesia Nursing Science Study Program Faculty of Health Sciences Muhammadiyah University Purwokerto Indonesia Department of History Faculty of Humanities Diponegoro University Indonesia

Wastewater produced by batik industry in Cibelok Village, Pemalang that is disposed straight into the sewage will increase the concentration of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), ammonia (NH3), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), watercolour, acidity (pH), and dissolved oxygen (DO). Disposed batik wastewater without treatment will contaminate the environment, mainly its water and soil. The main purpose of this research is to reduce the concentration of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), ammonia (NH3), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), watercolour, acidity, and dissolved oxygen (DO) by treating batik Cibelok's waste and not contaminate the surrounding environment. Laboratory test results on batik waste in COD, BOD, DO, ammonia, chromium, lead, colour, and acidity (pH). These results are not in accordance with the 2014 Waste Water Quality Standard Number 5 by the Regulation of the Minister of Environment of the Republic of Indonesia. Alternatives that have been done to treat Cibelok Village's batik waste is to lower dangerous substances concentration through electrocoagulation and filtration. The processes could lower COD level around 57.6%, ammonia 98%, chromium 85%, and BOD 67%. Reducing the concentration of the substance makes the batik waste safer and environmentally friendly when it's finally disposed to the sewage. © 2020 IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Biochemical oxygen demand

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Modeling Supports the Implementation of Urban Greening as a Response to the Challenges of Sustainable Spatial Planning

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Kim, Eun Sub Lee, Dong Kun Hyun, Jung Hee Kim, Na Yeon Heo, Su Jeong Kim, Da Sle Interdisciplinary Program in Landscape Architecture Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Integrated Major in Smart City Global Convergence Program Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Specialized Graduate School of Intelligent Eco-Science 4 Dept. of Landscape Architecture Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Systemic Risk and Resilience Research Group Advancing Systems Analysis International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis Austria Department of Landscape Architecture and Rural System Engineering Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of

Urban greening is a critical strategy for sustainable urban development, climate change mitigation, and biodiversity conservation. However, the effectiveness of urban greening varies depending on the specific goals (e.g., enhancing biodiversity, reducing urban heat, or both) and their spatial implementation. To address the spatial variability in the effectiveness of greening, we propose a spatial decision support model based on the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II). This model aims to optimize urban greening locations to maximize biomass density, mitigate urban heat stress, and simultaneously improve landscape connectivity. Applied to Suwon City, South Korea, the model's effectiveness was evaluated against a Business-As-Usual (BAU) scenario across four scenarios: Connectivity-based, Biomass density-based, Heat stress-based, and an Integrated-based scenario. The integrated approach, balancing trade-offs between ecological benefits and implementation costs, outperformed the BAU scenario by 8.84%. This outcome indicated of significant improvements in biomass density and landscape connectivity, despite highlighting a weaker correlation with heat stress mitigation. Our findings underscore the necessity of an integrated planning approach to urban greening, as it can contribute toward the attainment of urban development goals. Additionally, by proposing an app-based model for policymakers to utilize, our outputs should enable the reconciliation of multiple environmental objectives in urban landscapes. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Climate change

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Corrigendum to “Two-dimensional model of ion transport in composite membranes active layers with TEM-scanned morphology” [Desalination, volume 565 (2023) - 116876]

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Desalination 2024年 578卷

作者： Fernan David Martinez Valentina-Elena Musteata Santiago Cespedes Zuluaga Bastiaan Blankert Cristian Picioreanu Environmental Science & Engineering Program (EnSE) Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division (BESE) and Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia KAUST Core Labs King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia

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Improving Clinical NLP Performance through Language Model-Generated Synthetic Clinical Data

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Chen, Shan Gallifant, Jack Guevara, Marco Gao, Yanjun Afshar, Majid Miller, Timothy Dligach, Dmitriy Bitterman, Danielle S. Program Mass General Brigham Harvard Medical School BostonMA United States Department of Radiation Oncology Brigham and Women's Hospital Dana-Farber Cancer Institute BostonMA United States Computational Health Informatics Program Boston Children's Hospital Harvard Medical School BostonMA United States Institute for Medical Engineering and Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA United States Department of Critical Care Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Trust London United Kingdom Department of Medicine University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health MadisonWI United States Department of Computer Science Loyola University Chicago ChicagoIL United States

Brief communication 70 words: Generative models have been showing potential for producing data in mass. This study explores the enhancement of clinical natural language processing performance by utilizing synthetic data generated from advanced language models. Promising results show feasible applications in such a high-stakes domain. © 2024, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Natural language processing systems

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Polyvinyl chloride microplastics and drought co-exposure alter rice growth by affecting metabolomics and proteomics

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science of the Total Environment 2024年 955卷 177002页

作者： Khan, Kiran Yasmin Ali, Barkat Ghani, Hafiz Usman Cui, Xiaoqiang Luo, Xiaohan Ali, Zeshan Ahmed, Waqar Tan, Jinglu Lysenko, Vladimir Guo, Ya Key Laboratory of Advanced Process Control for Light Industry Ministry of Education Jiangnan University Wuxi214122 China Food Science Research Institute National Agricultural Research Centre Islamabad44000 Pakistan Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang050000 China School of Environmental Science and Engineering/Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass Waste Utilization Tianjin University Tianjin300072 China Ecotoxicology Research Program Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection National Agriculture Research Center Islamabad44000 Pakistan Department of Biomedical Biological & Chemical Engineering University of Missouri ColumbiaMO65211 United States Southern Federal University Academy of Biology and Biotechnology Rostov-on-Don344041 Russia International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Optical Sensing and Applications at Jiangnan University Wuxi214122 China

Microplastics, interacting with drought stress, have become threat to crops by altering soil environment. Currently, the effect of combined microplastic and drought stress on crop growth remain poorly understood. In this work, the mechanism of multi-stress responses was investigated under the exposure of polvinylchloride microplastic (PV) and drought (D) individually and in combination (DPV) on rice varieties Hanyou73 and Q280 through proteomics and metabolomic analysis. All treatments negatively affect chlorophyll content, antioxidant enzyme activities, rice grain composition, metabolome and proteomic profiling of both rice varieties. Full rice grain yield was decreased under all treatments except PV treatment in which it was increased in both rice varieties. DPV treatment shows the lowest grain yield and more adverse effects on metabolome by affecting glycerophospholipid metabolism, tryptophan metabolism and alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism. Soluble sugar contents were decreased in H73 but in Q280 increased by 159 % under DPV and 123 % in PV treatment, compared to their control group. The results from metabolomics illustrate that glycerophospholipid metabolism is commonly altered in both rice types under all treatments. PV and drought alone and in combination induce extensive alterations in proteomics of rice leaves especially impacting proteins related to binding, translation and photosynthetic process. The results reveal that PV and DPV treatments highly distort the abundance of metabolites and proteins in both rice types, demonstrating that microplastic toxicity effects on rice plants become more severe when combined with drought stress. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Drought Metabolite Polyvinyl chloride microplastic Protein Rice

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Anharmonic effects on lattice dynamics and thermal transport of two-dimensional InTe Monolayer

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Alqurashi, Hind Pandit, Abhiyan Hamad, Bothina Materials Science and Engineering Graduate Program University of Arkansas FayettevilleAR72701 United States Physics Department The College of Science Al Baha University Al Baha65527 Saudi Arabia Department of Physics University of Arkansas FayettevilleAR72701 United States Physics Department The University of Jordan Amman11942 Jordan

The lattice thermal conductivity (kl) plays a key role in the performance of thermoelectric (TE) materials, where the lower values lead to higher figure of merit values. Two-dimensional (2D) group III-VI monolayers such as InTe are promising materials for TE energy generation owing to their low kl that lead to high TE figure of merit values. In this work, we investigate the influence of the lattice anharmonicity on the lattice thermal conductivity of InTe monolayer. The thermodynamic parameters are calculated by using the self-consistent phonon (SCP) theory. The kl value of the InTe monolayer is obtained to be 0.30 Wm−1 K−1 by using the standard Boltzmann transport equation (BTE) approach, while it is 3.58 Wm−1 K−1 by using SCP + BTE approach. These results confirm the importance of the anharmonic effects on the kl value, where it was found to be significantly higher (91%) using the SCP + BTE approach than that obtained using the standard BTE approach. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Monolayers

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Cell2Sentence: teaching large language models the language of biology 24

Cell2Sentence: teaching large language models the language o...

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Proceedings of the 41st International Conference on Machine Learning

作者： Daniel Levine Syed Asad Rizvi Sacha Lévy Nazreen Pallikkavaliyaveetil David Zhang Xingyu Chen Sina Ghadermarzi Ruiming Wu Zihe Zheng Ivan Vrkic Anna Zhong Daphne Raskin Insu Han Antonio Henrique De Oliveira Fonseca Josue Ortega Caro Amin Karbasi Rahul M. Dhodapkar David Van Dijk Department of Computer Science Yale University New Haven CT School of Engineering Applied Science University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA School of Computer and Communication Sciences Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland Department of Computer Science Yale University New Haven CT and Department of Neuroscience Yale School of Medicine New Haven CT Department of Computer Science Yale University New Haven CT and Department of Neuroscience Yale School of Medicine New Haven CT and Wu Tsai Institute Yale University New Haven CT Google and Yale Institute for Foundations of Data Science New Haven CT and Department of Computer Science Yale University New Haven CT and Yale School of Engineering and Applied Science New Haven CT Roski Eye Institute University of Southern California Los Angeles CA and Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology) Yale School of Medicine New Haven CT Department of Computer Science Yale University New Haven CT and Yale Institute for Foundations of Data Science New Haven CT and Wu Tsai Institute Yale University New Haven CT and Cardiovascular Research Center Yale School of Medicine New Haven CT and Interdepartmental Program in Computational Biology & Bioinformatics Yale University New Haven CT and Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology) Yale School of Medicine New Haven CT

We introduce Cell2Sentence (C2S), a novel method to directly adapt large language models to a biological context, specifically single-cell transcriptomics. By transforming gene expression data into "cell sentences," C2S bridges the gap between natural language processing and biology. We demonstrate cell sentences enable the fine-tuning of language models for diverse tasks in biology, including cell generation, complex cell-type annotation, and direct data-driven text generation. Our experiments reveal that GPT-2, when fine-tuned with C2S, can generate biologically valid cells based on cell type inputs, and accurately predict cell types from cell sentences. This illustrates that language models, through C2S fine-tuning, can acquire a significant understanding of single-cell biology while maintaining robust text generation capabilities. C2S offers a flexible, accessible framework to integrate natural language processing with transcriptomics, utilizing existing models and libraries for a wide range of biological applications.

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