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arXiv 2023年

作者： Song, Andrew H. Jaume, Guillaume Williamson, Drew F.K. Lu, Ming Y. Vaidya, Anurag Miller, Tiffany R. Mahmood, Faisal Department of Pathology Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School BostonMA United States Department of Pathology Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School BostonMA United States Cancer Program Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT CambridgeMA United States Data Science Program Dana-Farber Cancer Institute BostonMA United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA United States Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA United States Harvard Medical School BostonMA United States

Advances in digitizing tissue slides and the fast-paced progress in artificial intelligence, including deep learning, have boosted the field of computational pathology. This field holds tremendous potential to automate clinical diagnosis, predict patient prognosis and response to therapy, and discover new morphological biomarkers from tissue images. Some of these artificial intelligence-based systems are now getting approved to assist clinical diagnosis;however, technical barriers remain for their widespread clinical adoption and integration as a research tool. This Review consolidates recent methodological advances in computational pathology for predicting clinical end points in whole-slide images and highlights how these developments enable the automation of clinical practice and the discovery of new biomarkers. We then provide future perspectives as the field expands into a broader range of clinical and research tasks with increasingly diverse modalities of clinical data. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Pathology

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Recent advancements and challenges in emerging applications of biochar-based catalysts

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Biotechnology Advances 2023年第1期67卷 108181页

作者： Yuan, Xiangzhou Cao, Yang Li, Jie Patel, Anil Kumar Dong, Cheng-Di Jin, Xin Gu, Cheng Yip, Alex C.K. Tsang, Daniel C.W. Ok, Yong Sik Ministry of Education of Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control School of Energy and Environment Southeast University Nanjing210096 China Korea Biochar Research Center APRU Sustainable Waste Management Program & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering Korea University Seoul02841 Korea Republic of Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion Institute of Urban Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiamen361021 China Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology College of Hydrosphere National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology Kaohsiung81157 Taiwan Department of Marine Environmental Engineering National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology Kaohsiung81157 Taiwan State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of Environment Nanjing University Nanjing210023 China Department of Chemical and Process Engineering University of Canterbury Christchurch New Zealand Research Centre for Resources Engineering towards Carbon Neutrality The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong

The sustainable utilization of biochar produced from biomass waste could substantially promote the development of carbon neutrality and a circular economy. Due to their cost-effectiveness, multiple functionalities, tailorable porous structure, and thermal stability, biochar-based catalysts play a vital role in sustainable biorefineries and environmental protection, contributing to a positive, planet-level impact. This review provides an overview of emerging synthesis routes for multifunctional biochar-based catalysts. It discusses recent advances in biorefinery and pollutant degradation in air, soil, and water, providing deeper and more comprehensive information of the catalysts, such as physicochemical properties and surface chemistry. The catalytic performance and deactivation mechanisms under different catalytic systems were critically reviewed, providing new insights into developing efficient and practical biochar-based catalysts for large-scale use in various applications. Machine learning (ML)-based predictions and inverse design have addressed the innovation of biochar-based catalysts with high-performance applications, as ML efficiently predicts the properties and performance of biochar, interprets the underlying mechanisms and complicated relationships, and guides biochar synthesis. Finally, environmental benefit and economic feasibility assessments are proposed for science-based guidelines for industries and policymakers. With concerted effort, upgrading biomass waste into high-performance catalysts for biorefinery and environmental protection could reduce environmental pollution, increase energy safety, and achieve sustainable biomass management, all of which are beneficial for attaining several of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs) and Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG). © 2023 The Authors

关键词： Biodiversity

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Land suitability analyze for cocoa development based on square root

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2023年第1期2596卷

作者： Nirmala Juita Husnul Mubarak Erwin Wijaya Emmy Fadhila Nurmaranti Alim Department of Soil Science Faculty of Agriculture Hasanuddin University Agriculture Engineering Study Program Faculty of Agriculture Hasanuddin University Program study of Agroecotechnology Faculty of Agriculture Sulawesi Barat University

Indonesia is the world's third-largest cocoa producer and exporter after Ghana and Pantai Gading. Cocoa is in great demand by people in various parts of the world because Cocoa can be processed into chocolate in food and drinks that benefit the community. One approach that is often used to evaluate cocoa land suitability is a parametric approach with a square root. The square root is part of the parametric approach in evaluating land suitability by assigning a value at a different limiting level to the nature of the land. On a standard scale, it is given a maximum weight of 100 to a minimum value of 0 then the land suitability class calculation is based on the square root. The stages of this research are: 1) Collecting secondary data and basic maps such as climate data, administrative maps, geological maps, soil type maps, and land use maps, 2) Making maps of land units 3) Preliminary surveys, 4) Sampling and analysis of soil samples in the laboratory, 5) analysis of the land and climate suitability, 5) Determination of actual and potential land suitability. The method used in this research is a parametric approach (Square root by Khiddir). The results showed that the parametric method's land suitability class (square root) was N1 (not suitable at present) at the observation points of profiles 1, 3, and 5. In contrast, the S3 land suitability class was found in profile 4. Limiting factors such as annual temperature, slope, soil depth, and coarse fragments are limiting factors that are difficult to repair. Base saturation and pH H2O with liming, or addition of organics.

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Thermomechanical Behavior and Corrosion Resistance of a 316 L Austenitic Stainless Steel

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Materials sciences and Applications 2020年第4期11卷 217-233页

作者： Rafael P. Ferreira Carmem C. F. Nascimento Gedeon S. Reis Eden S. Silva Samuel F. Rodrigues Graduate Program in Materials Engineering Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology of Maranhao (IFMA) Sao Luis Brazil

Hot-formed components are constantly exposed to hostile environments with corrosive substances. Microstructural changes caused by thermomechanical processing can be predicted to increase the corrosion resistance of austenitic stainless steels. The objective of this study is to understand the relationship between the dynamic softening mechanisms and corrosion resistance, thus optimizing the hot-forming process. In the current work, the dynamic recrystallization (DRX) behavior of AISI 316 L austenitic stainless steel was studied in the temperature range of 1273 - 1423 K and strain-rate range of 0.1 - 5.0 s-1 using physical simulation. Subsequently, potentiodynamic polarization tests and scanning electron microscopy were performed on the hot-deformed samples to investigate the influence of temperature and strain-rate on the corrosion resistance and mechanical properties. The results indicated that the DRX fractions increased under low-temperature and high strain-rate conditions, resulting in grain refinement. The potentiodynamic polarization tests indicated that the dynamically recovered samples demonstrated high resistance to corrosion compared with the DRX samples. The best route found for the investigated alloy was for the strain to be applied at a temperature of 1423 K and a strain rate of 0.1 s-1.

关键词： 316 L Austenitic Stainless Steel Softening Phenomena Corrosion

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Low-density CoAlTi-B2 strengthened Al-Co-Cr-Mo-Ti bcc refractory high-entropy superalloy designed with the assistance of high-throughput CALPHAD method

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Journal of Alloys and Compounds 2023年第1期952卷

作者： Yen, Shao-yu Murakami, Hideyuki Lin, Shih-kang Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Cheng Kung University Tainan70101 Taiwan National Institute for Materials Science Sengen 1-2-1 Ibaraki Tsukuba305-0047 Japan Research Center National Cheng Kung University Tainan70101 Taiwan Program on Smart and Sustainable Manufacturing Academy of Innovative Semiconductor and Sustainable Manufacturing National Cheng Kung University Tainan70101 Taiwan Core Facility Center National Cheng Kung University Tainan70101 Taiwan

Superalloys are being widely used across the globe, in the power plants and turbine engines, due to the superior mechanical performance at elevated temperatures and oxidation resistance in crucial environments. To enhance the currently commercial Ni-based superalloys, refractory elements are desired candidates for novel alloy development, due to their ultrahigh melting points. In the past decade, refractory high-entropy superalloys (RSAs), which are the multi-principal refractory element-based alloys with the microstructure of ordered body-centered cubic (bcc) (B2) precipitates coherently embedded in the disordered bcc (A2) matrix, have attracted great attentions. However, most reported RSAs possess the reversed microstructure of the continuous B2 phase with the discrete A2 phase forming via the spinodal decomposition, which have poor thermal stability at elevated temperatures. Herein we designed a coherent precipitate-strengthened Al-Co-Cr-Mo-Ti RSA with the assistance of high-throughput CALPHAD (HT-CALPHAD) calculations. Pandat software with PanHEA 2021 database were used in searching desired compositions. The alloy was fabricated by vacuum arc melting (VAM) and characterized with X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), differential thermal analysis (DTA), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The desired microstructure of CoAlTi-B2 homogeneously dispersed in the A2 matrix was obtained, resulting in the high hardness. The coherent bcc/B2 RSA with high hardness-to-density ratio is being developed. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Microstructure

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Developing a medical artificial intelligence course for high school students

Developing a medical artificial intelligence course for high...

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International Forum on Medical Imaging in Asia 2021, IFMIA 2021

作者： Huang, Chao-Jung Wu, Tinghui Lu, Jui-Ting Lin, Beatrice Chang, Dawei Wang, Pochuan Wang, Mei-Chi Lee, Peijung Wang, Weichung National Taiwan University-Stanford Joint Program Office of AI in Biotechnology Ministry of Science and Technology Joint Research Center for Artificial Intelligence Technology and All Vista Healthcare Taipei Taiwan Institute of Applied Mathematical Sciences National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Department of Mathematics Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon Lyon France Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei Taiwan Department of Mathematics National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan

ISBN: (数字)9781510644212

ISBN: (纸本)9781510644205

Artificial intelligence (AI) training courses often require prerequisites such as calculus or statistics. It is hence challenging to design and develop an introductory AI course for students of secondary education. This research intends to develop a medical AI course, provide high school students with an overview of deep learning applications in medical image analysis, and inspire them to pursue careers in the field of medical AI. We designed a 20-hour course, including lectures and two hands-on projects based on medical image classification. The proposed courses provided medical AI disciplines and built up their knowledge from basic to advanced levels. During the ten-day online courses, all the students were fully engaged and gave us positive feedback. The students endeavored to complete the experimental study in training, testing, and hypothesis of medical images application in the course. Their performance exceeded all expectations, for they did further analysis by tuning different hyperparameters. We designed a course evaluation form, which suggested that the students found it essential and expected to interact with the instructors. The results indicate that combining lectures with hands-on sessions would lead to evidently better achievement in terms of high school students' medical AI knowledge and positive attitudes while addressing real-world problems in the projects. Through this innovative education model, high school students regained their enthusiasm and were encouraged to cultivate their medical AI skills through self-learning while finishing the project. We conclude that this course could be successfully applied to interdisciplinary education in high school. © 2021 SPIE.

关键词： Students

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Socially acceptable route planning and trajectory behavior analysis of personal mobility device for mobility management with improved sensing

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Mishra, Sumit Rajendran, Praveen Kumar Har, Dongsoo The Robotics Program Department of Electrical Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Daejeon Korea Republic of Division of Future Vehicle Department of Electrical Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Daejeon Korea Republic of The CCS Graduate School of Green Transportation Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Daejeon Korea Republic of

In urban cities, with increasing acceptability of shared spaces used by pedestrians and personal mobility devices (PMDs), there is need for pragmatic socially acceptable path planning and navigation management policies. Hence, we propose a socially acceptable global route planner and assess the legibility of the resulting global route. Our approach proposed for choosing global route avoids streets penetrating shared spaces and main routes with high probability of dense usage. The experimental study shows that socially acceptable routes can be effectively found with an average of 10 % increment of route length with optimal hyperparameters. This helps PMDs to reach the goal while taking a socially acceptable and safe route with minimal interaction of different PMDs and pedestrians. When PMDs interact with pedestrians and other types of PMDs in shared spaces, micro-mobility simulations are of prime usage for acceptable and safe navigation policy. Social force models being state of the art for pedestrian simulation are calibrated for capturing random movements of pedestrian behavior. Social force model with calibration can imitate the required behavior of PMDs in a pedestrian mix navigation scheme. Based on calibrated models, simulations on shared space links and gate structures are performed to assist policies related to deciding waiting and stopping time. Also, based on simulated PMDs interaction with pedestrians, location data with finer resolution can be obtained if the resolution of GPS sensor is 0.2 m or less. This will help in formalizing better modelling and hence better micro-mobility policies. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Navigation

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Verification of Nek4nuc (Nek5000 integrated in NEAMS Workbench) via turbulent pipe flow simulation

Verification of Nek4nuc (Nek5000 integrated in NEAMS Workben...

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2020 Transactions of the American Nuclear Society Winter Meeting, ANS 2020

作者： Fan, Yuqiao Delchini, Marc-Olivier G. Lefebvre, Robert A. Nuclear Engineering Science Laboratory Synthesis Program Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Oak RidgeTN37831 United States Reactor and Nuclear Systems Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN37830 United States

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Temporal motifs in patent opposition and collaboration networks

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Liu, Penghang Masuda, Naoki Kito, Tomomi Sarıyüce, Ahmet Erdem Department of Computer Science and Engineering State University of New York at Buffalo BuffaloNY United States Department of Mathematics State University of New York at Buffalo BuffaloNY United States Computational and Data-Enabled Science and Engineering Program State University of New York at Buffalo BuffaloNY United States Faculty of Science and Engineering Waseda University Tokyo Japan

Patents are intellectual properties that reflect innovative activities of companies and organizations. The literature is rich with the studies that analyze the citations among the patents and the collaboration relations among companies that own the patents. However, the adversarial relations between the patent owners are not as well investigated. One proxy to model such relations is the patent opposition, which is a legal activity in which a company challenges the validity of a patent. Characterizing the patent oppositions, collaborations, and the interplay between them can help better understand the companies’ business strategies. Temporality matters in this context as the order and frequency of oppositions and collaborations characterize their interplay. In this study, we construct a two-layer temporal network to model the patent oppositions and collaborations among the companies. We utilize temporal motifs to analyze the oppositions and collaborations from structural and temporal perspectives. We first characterize the frequent motifs in patent oppositions and investigate how often the companies of different sizes attack other companies. We show that large companies tend to engage in opposition with multiple companies. Then we analyze the temporal interplay between collaborations and oppositions. We find that two adversarial companies are more likely to collaborate in the future than two collaborating companies oppose each other in the future. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Patents and inventions

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Interaction Between a Low-Temperature Plasma and Graphene: An in situ Raman Thermometry Study

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Physical Review Applied 2021年第2期15卷 024018-024018页

作者： Carla Berrospe-Rodriguez Joseph Schwan Giorgio Nava Fariborz Kargar Alexander A. Balandin Lorenzo Mangolini Department of Mechanical Engineering University of California Riverside 900 University Ave. Riverside California 92521 USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California Riverside 900 University Ave. Riverside California 92521 USA Materials Science and Engineering Program University of California Riverside 900 University Ave. Riverside California 92521 USA

The localized release of energy at the surface of plasma-exposed materials plays a crucial role in many plasma-driven processes. Unfortunately, the interaction between low-temperature plasmas and surfaces is both poorly understood and difficult to characterize. Here, we use Raman thermometry to measure the temperature of graphene during plasma exposure. We observe a significant increase in the graphene temperature even for modest input plasma powers. These results suggest that two-dimensional materials are effective surface probes for the quantitative characterization of plasma-induced heating effects and for further investigation of the plasma-surface interaction.

关键词： Chemical Physics & Physical Chemistry Heat transfer High-frequency & RF discharges in plasmas Plasma-solid interactions Temperature Graphene Low-temperature plasma Raman spectroscopy

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