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Global investments in pandemic preparedness and COVID-19: development assistance and domestic spending on health between 1990 and 2026

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The Lancet Global Health 2023年第3期11卷 e385-e413页

作者： Micah, Angela E. Bhangdia, Kayleigh Cogswell, Ian E. Lasher, Dylan Lidral-Porter, Brendan Maddison, Emilie R. Nguyen, Trang Nhu Ngoc Patel, Nishali Pedroza, Paola Solorio, Juan Stutzman, Hayley Tsakalos, Golsum Wang, Yifeng Warriner, Wesley Zhao, Yingxi Zlavog, Bianca S. Abbafati, Cristiana Abbas, Jaffar Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari, Zeinab Abdelmasseh, Michael Abdulah, Deldar Morad Abedi, Aidin Abegaz, Kedir Hussein Abhilash, E.S. Aboagye, Richard Gyan Abolhassani, Hassan Abrigo, Michael R.M. Abubaker Ali, Hiwa Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Adem, Mohammed Hussien Afzal, Muhammad Sohail Ahmadi, Ali Ahmed, Haroon Ahmed Rashid, Tarik Aji, Budi Akbarialiabad, Hossein Akelew, Yibeltal Al Hamad, Hanadi Alam, Khurshid Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour Alanzi, Turki M. Al-Hanawi, Mohammed Khaled Alhassan, Robert Kaba Aljunid, Syed Mohamed Almustanyir, Sami Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M. Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Alvis-Zakzuk, Nelson J. Amare, Azmeraw T. Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena Amini-Rarani, Mostafa Amu, Hubert Ancuceanu, Robert Andrei, Tudorel Anwar, Sumadi Lukman Appiah, Francis Aqeel, Muhammad Arabloo, Jalal Arab-Zozani, Morteza Aravkin, Aleksandr Y. Aremu, Olatunde Aruleba, Raphael Taiwo Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin Avila-Burgos, Leticia Ayanore, Martin Amogre Azari, Samad Baig, Atif Amin Bantie, Abere Tilahun Barrow, Amadou Baskaran, Pritish Basu, Sanjay Batiha, Abdul-Monim Mohammad Baune, Bernhard T. Berezvai, Zombor Bhardwaj, Nikha Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhaskar, Sonu Boachie, Micheal Kofi Bodolica, Virginia Botelho, João Silva Botelho Braithwaite, Dejana Breitborde, Nicholas J.K. Busse, Reinhard Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero Catalá-López, Ferrán Chansa, Collins Charan, Jaykaran Chattu, Vijay Kumar Chen, Simiao Chukwu, Isaac Sunday Dadras, Omid Dandona, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Dargahi, Abdollah Debela, Sisay Abebe Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar Desye, Belay Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda Diao, Nancy Doan, Linh Phuong Dodangeh, Milad dos Santos, Wendel Mombaque Doshmangir, Leila Dube, John Eini, Ebrahim El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa El Tantawi, Maha Enyew, Daniel Berhanie Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Applied Mathematics University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Nuffield Department of Medicine University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom Department of Juridical and Economic Studies La Sapienza University Rome Italy Antai College of Economics Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China Non-communicable Diseases Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Research Center for Immunodeficiencies Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Multiple Sclerosis Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Children’s Medical Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Tehran Heart Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Faculty of Medicine Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran National Institute for Health Research Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Pharmacology Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Cardiology Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Digestive Diseases Research Institute Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Neurology Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Social Determinants of Health Research Center Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Epidemiology Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Health Economics and Statistics Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Neurosurgery Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Ophthalmic R

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted gaps in health surveillance systems, disease prevention, and treatment globally. Among the many factors that might have led to these gaps is the issue of the financing of national health systems, especially in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), as well as a robust global system for pandemic preparedness. We aimed to provide a comparative assessment of global health spending at the onset of the pandemic;characterise the amount of development assistance for pandemic preparedness and response disbursed in the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic;and examine expectations for future health spending and put into context the expected need for investment in pandemic preparedness. Methods: In this analysis of global health spending between 1990 and 2021, and prediction from 2021 to 2026, we estimated four sources of health spending: development assistance for health (DAH), government spending, out-of-pocket spending, and prepaid private spending across 204 countries and territories. We used the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)'s Creditor Reporting System (CRS) and the WHO Global Health Expenditure Database (GHED) to estimate spending. We estimated development assistance for general health, COVID-19 response, and pandemic preparedness and response using a keyword search. Health spending estimates were combined with estimates of resources needed for pandemic prevention and preparedness to analyse future health spending patterns, relative to need. Findings: In 2019, at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, US$9·2 trillion (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 9·1–9·3) was spent on health worldwide. We found great disparities in the amount of resources devoted to health, with high-income countries spending $7·3 trillion (95% UI 7·2–7·4) in 2019;293·7 times the $24·8 billion (95% UI 24·3–25·3) spent by low-income countries in 2019. That same year, $43·1 billion in development assistance was provided

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S3M: A suggestion mechanism for semantic web service composition 15

S3M: A suggestion mechanism for semantic web service composi...

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21st Brazilian Symposium on Multimedia and the Web, WebMedia 2015

作者： Busanello Da Silva, Diogo P. Weber, Mathias Henrique Siqueira, Frank Department of Informatics and Statistics Federal University of Santa Catarina Florianópolis Brazil Postgraduate Program on Materials Science and Engineering Federal University of Santa Catarina Florianópolis Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781450339599

Web Service composition is a complex and error-prone process that requires the support of software tools in order to become feasible. Composition tools can help a developer to select compatible services from vast service repositories, taking into account characteristics such as port compatibility, availability, cost, and so on. This paper describes S3M, a service suggestion mechanism that, coupled with the CVFlow workflow editor, helps developers to select services and to build compositions. Service suggestions are given to the user taking into account the semantic description of Web Services in SAWSDL format. © 2015 ACM.

关键词： Websites

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A repeating fast radio burst source localised to a nearby spiral galaxy

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Marcote, B. Nimmo, K. Hessels, J.W.T. Tendulkar, S.P. Bassa, C.G. Paragi, Z. Keimpema, A. Bhardwaj, M. Karuppusamy, R. Kaspi, V.M. Law, C.J. Michilli, D. Aggarwal, K. Andersen, B. Archibald, A.M. Bandura, K. Bower, G.C. Boyle, P.J. Brar, C. Burke-Spolaor, S. Butler, B.J. Cassanelli, T. Chawla, P. Demorest, P. Dobbs, M. Fonseca, E. Giri, U. Good, D.C. Gourdji, K. Josephy, A. Kirichenko, A.Yu. Kirsten, F. Landecker, T.L. Lang, D. Lazio, T.J.W. Li, D.Z. Lin, H.-H. Linford, J.D. Masui, K. Mena-Parra, J. Naidu, A. Ng, C. Patel, C. Pen, U.-L. Pleunis, Z. Rafiei-Ravandi, M. Rahman, M. Renard, A. Scholz, P. Siegel, S.R. Smith, K.M. Stairs, I.H. Vanderlinde, K. Zwaniga, A.V. Oude Hoogeveensedijk 4 PD Dwingeloo7991 Netherlands ASTRON Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy Oude Hoogeveensedijk 4 PD Dwingeloo7991 Netherlands Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy University of Amsterdam Science Park 904 Amsterdam1098 XH Netherlands Department of Physics McGill University 3600 University Street MontréalQCH3A 2T8 Canada McGill Space Institute McGill University 3550 University Street MontréalQCH3A 2A7 Canada Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie Auf dem Hügel 69 BonnD-53121 Germany Department of Astronomy and Owens Valley Radio Observatory California Institute of Technology PasadenaCA91125 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy West Virginia University P.O. Box 6315 MorgantownWV26506 United States Center for Gravitational Waves and Cosmology West Virginia University Chestnut Ridge Research Building MorgantownWV26505 United States School of Mathematics Physics and Statistics University of Newcastle Newcatle upon TyneNE1 7RU United Kingdom Lane Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering MorgantownWV26506 United States Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics 645 N. A’ohoku Place HiloHI96720 United States National Radio Astronomy Observatory SocorroNM87801 United States Dunlap Institute for Astronomy & Astrophysics University of Toronto 50 St. George Street TorontoONM5S 3H4 Canada Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics University of Toronto 50 St. George Street TorontoONM5S 3H4 Canada Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics WaterlooONN2L 2Y5 Canada Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Waterloo WaterlooONN2L 3G1 Canada Department of Physics and Astronomy University of British Columbia 6224 Agricultural Road VancouverBCV6T 1Z1 Canada Instituto de Astronomía Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Apdo. Postal 877 EnsenadaBaja California22800 Mexico Ioffe Institute 26 Politekhnicheskaya st. St. Petersburg194021 Russia Department o

Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are brief, bright, extragalactic radio flashes1, 2. Their physical origin remains unknown, but dozens of possible models have been postulated3. Some FRB sources exhibit repeat bursts4–7. Though over a hundred FRB sources have been discovered to date8, only four have been localised and associated with a host galaxy9–12, with just one of the four known to repeat9. The properties of the host galaxies, and the local environments of FRBs, provide important clues about their physical origins. However, the first known repeating FRB has been localised to a low-metallicity, irregular dwarf galaxy, and the apparently non-repeating sources to higher-metallicity, massive elliptical or star-forming galaxies, suggesting that perhaps the repeating and apparently non-repeating sources could have distinct physical origins. Here we report the precise localisation of a second repeating FRB source6, FRB 180916.J0158+65, to a star-forming region in a nearby (redshift z = 0.0337 ±0.0002) massive spiral galaxy, whose properties and proximity distinguish it from all known hosts. The lack of both a comparably luminous persistent radio counterpart and a high Faraday rotation measure6 further distinguish the local environment of FRB 180916.J0158+65 from that of the one previously localised repeating FRB source, FRB 121102. This demonstrates that repeating FRBs have a wide range of luminosities, and originate from diverse host galaxies and local environments. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Galaxies

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Publisher Correction: Global estimates on the number of people blind or visually impaired by cataract: a meta-analysis from 2000 to 2020

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Eye (London, England) 2024年第11期38卷 2229-2231页

作者： Konrad Pesudovs Hugh R. Taylor Tabassom Sedighi Rupert R. A. Bourne Shahina Pardhan Van Charles Lansingh John H. Kempen Ian Tapply Arthur G. Fernandes Maria Vittoria Cicinelli Alessandro Arrigo Nicolas Leveziel Serge Resnikoff Seth Flaxman Mukkharram M. Bikbov Tasanee Braithwaite Alain Bron Ching-Yu Cheng Monte A. Del Monte Joshua R. Ehrlich Leon B. Ellwein David Friedman João M. Furtado Gus Gazzard Ronnie George M. Elizabeth Hartnett Jost B. Jonas Rim Kahloun Moncef Khairallah Rohit C. Khanna Janet Leasher Julie-Anne Little Vinay Nangia Michal Nowak Tunde Peto Pradeep Ramulu Fotis Topouzis Mitiadis Tsilimbaris Ya Xing Wang Ningli Wang Paul Svitil Briant Theo Vos Katrin Burkart Kaleb Coberly Xiaochen Dai Stephen S. Lim Tomislav Mestrovic Ali H. Mokdad Christopher J. L. Murray Jaimie D. Steinmetz Awoke Misganaw Yohannes Habtegiorgis Abate Mohammad Abdollahi Mozhan Abdollahi Ayele Mamo Abebe Olumide Abiodun Richard Gyan Aboagye Woldu Aberhe Abrha Hasan Abualruz Hiwa Abubaker Ali Eman Abu-Gharbieh Salahdein Aburuz Tadele Girum Girum Adal Mesafint Molla Adane Isaac Yeboah Addo Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani Muhammad Sohail Afzal Muhammad Umair Shahin Aghamiri Bright Opoku Ahinkorah Aqeel Ahmad Sajjad Ahmad Ali Ahmadi Siamak Sabour Ayman Ahmed Haroon Ahmed Ahmad Samir Alfaar Abid Ali Syed Shujait Shujait Ali Awais Altaf Hubert Amu Emmanuel Manu Sofia Androudi Rodrigo Anguita Abhishek Anil Rimple Jeet Kaur Muhammad Aaqib Shamim Saeid Anvari Anayochukwu Edward Anyasodor Francis Appiah Jalal Arabloo Haleh Ayatollahi Mosab Arafat Damelash Areda Reza Arefnezhad Brhane Berhe Aregawi Akeza Awealom Asgedom Tahira Ashraf Seyyed Shamsadin Athari Bantalem Tilaye Tilaye Atinafu Birhan Tsegaw Taye Maha Moh’d Wahbi Atout Alok Atreya Ahmed Y. Azzam Hassan Babamohamadi Sara Bagherieh Yogesh Bahurupi Atif Amin Baig Shumaila Nargus Biswajit Banik Mainak Bardhan Saurav Basu Kavita Batra Nebiyou Simegnew Bayileyegn Fatemeh Bazvand Addisu Shunu Beyene Awoke Masrie Asrat Derese Devidas S. Bhagat Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula Pankaj Bh Medicine & Health University of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia School of Optometry and Vision Science University of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia School of Population and Global Health University of Melbourne Carlton VIC Australia Vision and Eye Research Institute Anglia Ruskin University Cambridge UK HelpMeSee Instituto Mexicano de Oftalmologia Santiago de Querétaro Mexico University of Miami Gables FL USA University of Utah Salt Lake City UT USA Chief Medical Office HelpMeSee New York NY USA Mexican Institute of Ophthalmology Queretaro Mexico Department of Ophthalmology Massachusetts Eye and Ear/Shepens Eye Research Institute/Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA Eye Unit MyungSung Christian Medical Center (MCM) Comprehensive Specialized Hospital and MyungSun Medical College Addis Ababa Ethiopia Department of Ophthalmology Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa Ethiopia Sight for Souls Bellevue WA USA Department of Ophthalmology Harvard University Boston MA USA Eye Unit MyungSung Medical College Addis Ababa Ethiopia Addenbrooke’s Hospital Cambridge UK Department of Ophthalmology Cambridge University Hospitals Cambridge UK Federal University of Sao Paolo Sao Paolo SP Brazil University of Calgary Calgary AB Canada Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Federal University of São Paulo Sao Paulo Brazil School of Medicine Vita-Salute San Raffaele University Milan Italy Department of Ophthalmology IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute Milan Italy Department of Ophthalmology San Raffaele Scientific Institute Milano Italy IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute Vita-Salute University Milan Italy Scientific Institute San Raffaele Hospital Vita-Salute University Milan Italy University of Poitiers Poitiers France CHU de Poitiers Poitiers France Ophthalmology Department CHU de Poitiers (Poitiers University Hospital) Poitiers France Unité 1084 National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) Poitiers France

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Low-complexity pruned 8-point DCT approximations for image encoding 25

Low-complexity pruned 8-point DCT approximations for image e...

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25th International Conference on Electronics, Communications and Computers, CONIELECOMP 2015

作者： De Coutinho, Vitor A. Cintra, Renato J. Bayer, Fábio M. Kulasekera, Sunera Madanayake, Arjuna Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering - PPGEE Federal University of Pernambuco Brazil Signal Processing Group Dept. of Statistics Federal University of Pernambuco Brazil LIRIS Institute National de Sciences Appliquées - INSA Lyon France Dept. of Statistics LACESM Federal University of Santa Maria Brazil Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Akron United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781479974368

Two multiplierless pruned 8-point discrete cosine transform (DCT) approximation are presented. Both transforms present lower arithmetic complexity than state-of-the-art methods. The performance of such new methods was assessed in the image compression context. A JPEG-like simulation was performed, demonstrating the adequateness and competitiveness of the introduced methods. Digital VLSI implementation in CMOS technology was also considered. Both presented methods were realized in Berkeley Emulation Engine (BEE3). © 2015 IEEE.

关键词： Discrete cosine transforms

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Genome-wide association study of long COVID

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Nature Genetics 2025年 1-16页

作者： Vilma Lammi Tomoko Nakanishi Samuel E. Jones Juha Karjalainen Martin Broberg Hele H. Haapaniemi Matti Pirinen Mari E. K. Niemi Mattia Cordioli Mark J. Daly Andrea Ganna Hanna M. Ollila J. Brent Richards Yukinori Okada Shea J. Andrews Beatriz Cortés Rafael de Cid Susana Iraola-Guzmán Natalia Blay Xavier Farré Heath E. O’Brien Thompson Hannah Patrick J. Short Ana Ochoa-Guzman Michelle Duran-Gomez Brian E. Fulton-Howard Masahiro Kanai Axel Schmidt Daniella Balla Julia Heggemann Sonja Schultz Pari Behzad Markus M. Nöthen Abigail Miller Kerstin U. Ludwig Ruth E. Mitchell George Davey Smith Nicholas J. Timpson Abdou Mousas Evangelos Evangelou Evangelia Ntzani Konstantinos K. Tsilidis Massimo Mangino Alicia Huerta-Chagoya Nasa Sinnott-Armstrong Elizabeth T. Cirulli Francisco Tanudjaja Efren Sandoval Nicole L. Washington Simon White Alexandre Bolze Kelly M. Schiabor Barrett Marc Vaudel Alex S. F. Kwong Amit K. Maiti Minttu M. Marttila Daniel C. Posner Alexis A. Rodriguez Chiara Batini Beatriz Guillen-Guio Olivia C. Leavy Anna L. Guyatt Catherine John Louise V. Wain Francesca Minnai Anna R. Dearman Benedict Hignell Meena Kumari C. A. Robert Warmerdam Lude H. Franke Celia B. Sequeros Søren Brunak David Westergaard Karina Banasik Thomas W. Winkler Iris M. Heid Daniel M. Jordan Ryan C. Thompson Alexander W. Charney Laura G. Sloofman Nicole W. Simons Noam D. Beckmann Raimonds Rešcenko Vita Rovite Peculis Raitis Monta Briviba Janis Klovinš Laura Ansone Lorenzo Miano Flora Peyvandi Francesco Malvestiti Nicola Montano Alessandra Bandera Francesco Bruno Arturo Blasi Jacqueline M. Lane Jakob M. Cherry Ryan K. Chung Laura Carvajal-Silva Kevin Aguilar-Valdés Leslie C. Cerpa Tamara V. Arévalo Eduardo Lamoza Alicia Colombo Ricardo A. Verdugo Erika Frangione Xu Xinyi Jennifer Taher Jordan Lerner-Ellis Lindsay Guare Shefali S. Verma Ekaterina Vergasova Michil Trofimov Layal Shaheen Nikolay Plotnikov Anna Kim Dmitrii Kharitonov Alexei Kamelin Alexander Rakitko Eirini Marouli Pasquale Striano Ummu Afeera Zainulabid Ashutosh Kumar Hajar Fa Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM) Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE) University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland Department of Human Genetics McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada Centre for Clinical Epidemiology Department of Medicine Lady Davis Institute Jewish General Hospital McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada Kyoto-McGill International Collaborative Program in Genomic Medicine Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan Department of Genome Informatics Graduate School of Medicine the University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan Research Fellow Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Tokyo Japan Program in Medical and Population Genetics Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT Cambridge MA USA Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT Cambridge MA USA Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland Department of Public Health University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland Broad Institute Cambridge MA USA Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA Center for Genomic Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA Anesthesia Critical Care and Pain Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA USA Department of Twin Research King’s College London London UK 5 Prime Sciences Inc Montreal Quebec Canada Department of Epidemiology Biostatistics and Occupational Health McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada Department of Statistical Genetics Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Suita Japan Laboratory for Systems Genetics RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences Yokohama Japan Laboratory of Statistical Immunology Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC) Osaka University Suita Japan Departmen

Infections can lead to persistent symptoms and diseases such as shingles after varicella zoster or rheumatic fever after streptococcal infections. Similarly, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) infection can result in long coronavirus disease (COVID), typically manifesting as fatigue, pulmonary symptoms and cognitive dysfunction. The biological mechanisms behind long COVID remain unclear. We performed a genome-wide association study for long COVID including up to 6,450 long COVID cases and 1,093,995 population controls from 24 studies across 16 countries. We discovered an association ofFOXP4with long COVID, independent of its previously identified association with severe COVID-19. The signal was replicated in 9,500 long COVID cases and 798,835 population controls. Given the transcription factor FOXP4’s role in lung physiology and pathology, our findings highlight the importance of lung function in the pathophysiology of long COVID.

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Characterising acute and chronic care needs: insights from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

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Nature communications 2025年第1期16卷 4235-4235页

作者： Cecilia Anza-Ramirez J. Jaime Miranda Benedetta Armocida Jorge César Correia Harriette Gillian Christine Van Spall David Beran Amirali Aali Kalkidan Hassen Abate Semagn Mekonnen Abate Cristiana Abbafati Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari Zeinab Abbasi-Kangevari Zahra Aryan Sina Azadnajafabad Mohammadreza Azangou-Khyavy Seyyed-Hadi Ghamari Mohammad Keykhaei Javad Khanali Sara Momtazmanesh Fateme Montazeri Shayan Rahmani Mohammad-Mahdi Rashidi Nazila Rezaei Negar Rezaei Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam Hossein Hassanian-Moghaddam Ali-Asghar Kolahi Ali Nikoobar Hedayat Abbastabar Ahmed M. Abdel-Azeem Michael Abdelmasseh Juan Sanabria Sherief Abd-Elsalam Ahmed Abdelwahab Gholamreza Abdoli Mohammad Abdollahi Meriem Abdoun Deldar Morad Abdulah Abu Yousuf Md Abdullah Ame Mehadi Abdurehman Getachew Abebe Aidin Abedi Chirag P. Doshi Vida Abedi Hassan Abidi Richard Gyan Aboagye Hassan Abolhassani Nima Rezaei Lucas Guimarães Abreu Michael R. M. Abrigo Yonas Derso Abtew Hiwa Abubaker Ali Eman Abu-Gharbieh Hiba Jawdat Barqawi Rabih Halwani Maha Mohamed Saber-Ayad Iman M. Talaat Ahmed Abu-Zaid Manfred Mario Kokou Accrombessi Juan Manuel Acuna Denberu Eshetie Adane Tigist Demssew Adane Isaac Yeboah Addo Giovanni Addolorato Oluwafemi Atanda Adeagbo Victor Adekanmbi Miracle Ayomikun Adesina Isaac Iyinoluwa Olufadewa Olatunji O. Adetokunboh Daniel Adedayo Adeyinka Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani Aanuoluwapo Adeyimika Afolabi Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi Muhammad Sohail Afzal Saira Afzal Gina Agarwal Prerna Agarwal Pradyumna Agasthi Anurag Agrawal Marcela Agudelo-Botero Adolfo Martinez-Valle Bright Opoku Ahinkorah Aqeel Ahmad Sajjad Ahmad Sohail Ahmad Tauseef Ahmad Ali Ahmadi Siamak Sabour Keivan Ahmadi Sanjay Basu Sepideh Ahmadi Ali Ahmed Shaun Wen Huey Lee Ayman Ahmed Haroon Ahmed Jivan Qasim Ahmed Gahin Abdulraheem Tayib Yahya Yahya Luai A. Ahmed Iffat Elbarazi Syed Mahboob Shah Janardhana P. Aithala Marjan Ajami Budi Aji Hossein Akbarialiabad Yibeltal Akelew Meisam Akhlaghdoust Elham Jamshidi Addis Aklilu Azene Tesfaye Melat Woldemariam Maxwell Ak CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia Lima Peru School of Medicine Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia Lima Peru Sydney School of Public Health Faculty of Medicine and Health University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine London UK Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland Department of Cardiovascular Endocrine-metabolic Diseases and Aging Istituto Superiore di Sanità Rome Italy Division of Endocrinology Diabetology Nutrition and Therapeutic Patient Education Department of Medicine Geneva University Hospitals Geneva Switzerland Department of Medicine and Department of Health Research Evidence and Impact McMaster University Hamilton ON Canada Research Institute of St. Joe’s Hamilton ON Canada Population Health Research Institute Hamilton Canada Geneva University Hospitals Geneva Switzerland Faculty of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran Department of Nutrition and Dietetics Jimma University Jimma Ethiopia Anesthesiology Department Dilla University Addis Ababa Ethiopia Department of Juridical and Economic Studies La Sapienza University Rome Italy Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Social Determinants of Health Research Center Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Brigham and Women’s Hospital Harvard University Boston MA USA Students’ Scientific Research Center (SSRC) Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran School of Medicine Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran School of Medicine Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Chapter of Addiction Medicine University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia Advanced Diagnostic and Intervent

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care addresses short-term conditions. Chronic conditions increasingly strain health systems, which are often unprepared for these demands. This study examines the burden of conditions requiring acute versus chronic care, including sequelae. Conditions and sequelae from the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2019 were classified into acute or chronic care categories. Data were analysed by age, sex, and socio-demographic index, presenting total numbers and contributions to burden metrics such as Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs), Years Lived with Disability (YLD), and Years of Life Lost (YLL). Approximately 68% of DALYs were attributed to chronic care, while 27% were due to acute care. Chronic care needs increased with age, representing 86% of YLDs and 71% of YLLs, and accounting for 93% of YLDs from sequelae. These findings highlight that chronic care needs far exceed acute care needs globally, necessitating health systems to adapt accordingly. © 2025. The Author(s).

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Smaller desert dust cooling effect estimated from analysis of dust size and abundance

arXiv

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arXiv 2017年

作者： Kok, Jasper F. Ridley, David A. Zhou, Qing Miller, Ron L. Zhao, Chun Heald, Colette L. Ward, Daniel S. Albani, Samuel Haustein, Karsten Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences University of California Los AngelesCA90095 United States Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA United States Department of Statistics University of California Los AngelesCA90095 United States NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies New YorkNY10025 United States School of Earth and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui China Department of Earth Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA United States Program in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Princeton University PrincetonNJ United States Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement CEA-CNRS-UVSQ Gif-sur-Yvette France School of Geography and the Environment University of Oxford OxfordOX1 3QY United Kingdom

Desert dust aerosols affect Earth's global energy balance through direct interactions with radiation, and through indirect interactions with clouds and ecosystems. But the magnitudes of these effects are so uncertain that it remains unclear whether atmospheric dust has a net warming or cooling effect on global climate. Consequently, it is still uncertain whether large changes in atmospheric dust loading over the past century have slowed or accelerated anthropogenic climate change, or what the effects of potential future changes in dust loading will be. Here we present an analysis of the size and abundance of dust aerosols to constrain the direct radiative effect of dust. Using observational data on dust abundance, in situ measurements of dust optical properties and size distribution, and climate and atmospheric chemical transport model simulations of dust lifetime, we find that the dust found in the atmosphere is substantially coarser than represented in current global climate models. Since coarse dust warms climate, the global dust direct radiative effect is likely to be less cooling than the --0.4 W/m2 estimated by models in a current global aerosol model ensemble. Instead, we constrain the dust direct radiative effect to a range between -0.48 and +0.20 W/m2, which includes the possibility that dust causes a net warming of the planet. Copyright © 2017, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Dust

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Author Correction: The power of genetic diversity in genome-wide association studies of lipids

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Nature 2023年第7965期618卷 E19-E20页

作者： Sarah E Graham Shoa L Clarke Kuan-Han H Wu Stavroula Kanoni Greg J M Zajac Shweta Ramdas Ida Surakka Ioanna Ntalla Sailaja Vedantam Thomas W Winkler Adam E Locke Eirini Marouli Mi Yeong Hwang Sohee Han Akira Narita Ananyo Choudhury Amy R Bentley Kenneth Ekoru Anurag Verma Bhavi Trivedi Hilary C Martin Karen A Hunt Qin Hui Derek Klarin Xiang Zhu Gudmar Thorleifsson Anna Helgadottir Daniel F Gudbjartsson Hilma Holm Isleifur Olafsson Masato Akiyama Saori Sakaue Chikashi Terao Masahiro Kanai Wei Zhou Ben M Brumpton Humaira Rasheed Sanni E Ruotsalainen Aki S Havulinna Yogasudha Veturi QiPing Feng Elisabeth A Rosenthal Todd Lingren Jennifer Allen Pacheco Sarah A Pendergrass Jeffrey Haessler Franco Giulianini Yuki Bradford Jason E Miller Archie Campbell Kuang Lin Iona Y Millwood George Hindy Asif Rasheed Jessica D Faul Wei Zhao David R Weir Constance Turman Hongyan Huang Mariaelisa Graff Anubha Mahajan Michael R Brown Weihua Zhang Ketian Yu Ellen M Schmidt Anita Pandit Stefan Gustafsson Xianyong Yin Jian'an Luan Jing-Hua Zhao Fumihiko Matsuda Hye-Mi Jang Kyungheon Yoon Carolina Medina-Gomez Achilleas Pitsillides Jouke Jan Hottenga Gonneke Willemsen Andrew R Wood Yingji Ji Zishan Gao Simon Haworth Ruth E Mitchell Jin Fang Chai Mette Aadahl Jie Yao Ani Manichaikul Helen R Warren Julia Ramirez Jette Bork-Jensen Line L Kårhus Anuj Goel Maria Sabater-Lleal Raymond Noordam Carlo Sidore Edoardo Fiorillo Aaron F McDaid Pedro Marques-Vidal Matthias Wielscher Stella Trompet Naveed Sattar Line T Møllehave Betina H Thuesen Matthias Munz Lingyao Zeng Jianfeng Huang Bin Yang Alaitz Poveda Azra Kurbasic Claudia Lamina Lukas Forer Markus Scholz Tessel E Galesloot Jonathan P Bradfield E Warwick Daw Joseph M Zmuda Jonathan S Mitchell Christian Fuchsberger Henry Christensen Jennifer A Brody Mary F Feitosa Mary K Wojczynski Michael Preuss Massimo Mangino Paraskevi Christofidou Niek Verweij Jan W Benjamins Jorgen Engmann Rachel L Kember Roderick C Slieker Ken Sin Lo Nuno R Zilhao Phuong Le Marcus E Kleber Graciela E Delgado Shaofeng Huo Dai Department of Internal Medicine Division of Cardiology University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA. VA Palo Alto Health Care System Palo Alto CA USA. Department of Medicine Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA USA. Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA. William Harvey Research Institute Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry Queen Mary University of London London UK. Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistics Genetics University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA. Department of Genetics Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA. Clinical Pharmacology William Harvey Research Institute Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry Queen Mary University of London London UK. Endocrinology Boston Children's Hospital Boston MA USA. Medical and Population Genetics Broad Institute Cambridge MA USA. Department of Genetic Epidemiology University of Regensburg Regensburg Germany. McDonnell Genome Institute and Department of Medicine Washington University St Louis MO USA. Department of Precision Medicine Division of Genome Science National Institute of Health Cheongju-si South Korea. Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization Tohoku University Sendai Japan. Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience Faculty of Health Sciences University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa. Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health National Human Genome Research Institute National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD USA. Blizard Institute Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry Queen Mary University of London London UK. Wellcome Sanger Institute Hinxton UK. Department of Epidemiology Emory University Rollins School of Public Health Atlanta GA USA. Atlanta VA Health Care System Decatur GA USA. Malcolm Randall VA Medical Center Gainesville FL USA. Division of Vascular Sur

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Bright and dark optical solitons with kerr and parabolic law nonlinearities by series solution approach

引用

Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 2016年第1期13卷 58-61页

作者： Krishnan, E.V. Ghabshi, Muna Al Zhou, Qin Biswas, Anjan Zerrad, Essaid Belic, Milivoj Department of Mathematics and Statistics Sultan Qaboos University P.O. Box 36 Al Khod Muscat123 Oman School of Electronics and Information Engineering Wuhan Donghu University Wuhan430212 China Department of Mathematical Sciences Delaware State University DoverDE19901-2277 United States Department of Mathematics Faculty of Science King Abdulaziz University Jeddah21589 Saudi Arabia Department of Physics and Engineering Delaware State University DoverDE19901-2277 United States Science Program Texas A and M University at Qatar P.O. Box 23874 Doha Qatar

This paper applies series solution technique to retrieve bright and dark 1-soliton solution of the nonlinear Schrödinger's equation that governs the propagation of solitons through optical fibers. Kerr law nonlinearity gives bright and dark soliton, while parabolic law yields dark 1-soliton solution. The series solution technique provides an alternative, yet powerful, integration algorithm to integrate nonlinear Schrodinger's equation. The drawback that is encountered using this approach is the inability to obtain singular soliton solutions to the model. © 2016 American Scientific Publishers All rights reserved.

关键词： Solitons

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