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Engendering the Legal Framework for environmentally Sustainable Development: Some Reflections

environmental Policy and Law 2024年第5-6期53卷 335-346页

作者： Kameri-Mbote, Patricia Kabira, Nkatha Law Division United Nations Environment Program Nairobi Kenya Faculty of Law University of Nairobi Kenya

The idea of “sustainable development” was first recognized in 1972 at the U.N. Conference on the Human environment held in Stockholm. The Conference did not make reference to the concept explicitly but recognized that the concepts of “sustainability” and “development” that were previously addressed separately could be addressed together to create more benefits. The Conference recognised the importance of environmental management for the purposes of sustainable development. In the years that followed the 1972 conference, terms such as “environment and development,” “development without destruction,” “eco-development,” and “environmentally sound development” became common in publications and the works of the United Nations. This article examines the international legal framework on sustainable development and evaluates the extent to which these laws ensure environmentally sustainable development. The article argues that although the legal framework on environmentally sustainable development is quite extensive and steps are being made to engender them, there is still need to move beyond formal equality and substantive equality to transformative equality. The paper draws on feminist perspectives and calls for engendering the legal framework so as to make environmental sustainability a reality. © 2023 - The authors. Published by IOS Press.

关键词： engendering environment equality sustainability sustainable development

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Participatory Risk Governance for Seoul,South Korea's Flood Risk Management

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2024年第3期15卷 317-331页

作者： Bokjin Ro Gregg Garfin School of Geography Development and EnvironmentThe University of ArizonaTucsonAZ85721USA Interdisciplinary Program for Disaster Crisis and Risk ManagementSungkyunkwan UniversitySuwonGyeonggi-do16419Republic of Korea School of Natural Resources and the Environment The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ85721USA

Risk governance is a widely used framework in natural and societal risk management *** from natural hazards in urban areas call for the establishment of rigorous and participatory urban risk *** this study,we examined participatory risk governance(PRG)of flood risk management(FRM)in Seoul,South *** conducted key informant interviews and implemented a survey with citizens,to explore perceptions of flood risks and risk management,and to examine prospects for improving PRG in *** found a gap between the perceptions of key informants and *** informants believed that citizens'low awareness of flood risks hinders *** our research found that citizens'risk awareness was not low,and risk awareness may not be the main barrier to participation in ***,we found that citizens lacked knowledge of FRM actions,and they assigned government bodies a high level of responsibility for FRM,compared to the level of responsibility that citizens assigned to ***,the actors involved in FRM tended not to trust each other,which implies a lack of mutual *** increase the eff ectiveness of PRG,we suggest a polycentric governance structure anchored by a leading actor group,and active promotion of the participation of actors at multiple levels of *** between government and citizen participants,designed to foster improved understanding and recognition of one another's roles and contributions to FRM,will enhance trust and improve the implementation of PRG in Seoul.

关键词： Citizen participation-Flood risk management Participatory risk governance Risk awareness South Korea:Urban flood risk

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Dynamic assembly and biocatalysis-selected gelation endow self-compartmentalized multienzyme superactivity

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Science China Chemistry 2022年第10期65卷 1985-1993页

作者： Yue Liao Xia Wang Hongdou Shen Ziyang Tai Qigang Wang School of Chemical Science and Engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China United Nations Environment Program-Tongji Institute of Environment for Sustainable Development Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China

Cellular metabolism in multiple organelles utilizes compartmentalized multienzyme efficient catalysis to realize substance metabolism, energy conversion and immune defenses. The convenient and biomimetic design of artificial multienzymes has become an emerging research topic. Herein, we employ a facile enzyme-initiated radical polymerization to self-anchor multienzyme in cell-like hydrogels with mesoscale compartments. The dynamic assembly of glucose oxidase/cytochrome c(GOx/Cyt c) with methacrylate-modified hyaluronic acid can form nanoaggregates, where only the bound enzyme pairs with the adjacent position can catalyze the polymerization to compartmentalize multienzymes within hydrogel. Consequently, the cascade enzymes within hydrogel display 33.9 times higher activity compared to free enzymes, as well as excellent thermostability and multiple recyclability. The mechanism study indicates that the compartmental effect of the hydrogel and the anchoring effect of Cyt c synergistically enhance GOx/Cyt c activity. According to the density functional theory(DFT) calculation, Cyt c activity increment originates from its ligand changes of Fe(Ⅲ) porphyrin, which has a smaller energy barrier of the catalytic *** study provides a promising strategy for autonomous colocalization of multienzyme in biocompatible hydrogels which can be potentially applied in cascade enzyme induced catalysis applications.

关键词： hydrogel cascade enzyme enzymatic polymerization compartmentalization superactivity

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Fabrication of graphene oxide decorated with poly(dimethyl amino ethyl methacrylate) brush for efficient Cr(Ⅵ) adsorption from aqueous solution

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2024年第9期73卷 51-61页

作者： Alireza Nouri Siew Fen Chua Ebrahim Mahmoudi Abdul Wahab Mohammad Wei Lun Ang Department of Chemical and Process Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Built EnvironmentUniversiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaBangi 43600Malaysia Centre for Sustainable Process Technology(CESPRO) Faculty of Engineering and Built EnvironmentUniversiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaBangi 43600Malaysia Chemical and Water Desalination Engineering Program College of EngineeringUniversity of SharjahSharjah 27272United Arab Emirates

Confronting the severe health threats and environmental impacts of Cr(Ⅵ) in aquatic environments demands innovative and effective remediation approaches. In this study, Graphene oxide(GO)-decorated poly(dimethyl amino ethyl methacrylate)(PDMAEMA) brush nanocomposites(GOP1, GOP2, GOP3, and GOP4) were fabricated using atom transfer radical polymerization(ATRP) by the “graft from” *** resulting nanocomposites were utilized for removing Cr(Ⅵ) with good adsorption performance due to the electrostatic interaction of protonated nitrogen groups in the brush chains with negatively charged particles in the solution. The kinetic model of pseudo-second-order best represented the contaminants' adsorption characteristics. The Weber-Morris model further indicated that surface adsorption and intraparticle diffusion mechanisms primarily controlled the adsorption procedure. Additionally, the Langmuir and Temkin isotherm models were found to most accurately represent the adsorption characteristics of the pollutants on the nanocomposites, and GOP4 can achieve the maximum adsorption capacity of 164.4 mg·g^(-1). The adsorbents' capacity maintains above 85% after five cycles of adsorption-desorption. The nanocomposites in this study demonstrate promising potential for eliminating Cr(Ⅵ) from aqueous solutions.

关键词： Graphene oxide PDMAEMA brush Polymerization Nanoparticles Adsorption Chromium

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Assessment of bisphenols in children's toy and baby products in the Middle East

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Emerging Contaminants 2024年第3期10卷 336-342页

作者： K.Martínez-Guijarro B.Gevao M.Porcelli S.Al-Salem Saif Uddin M.Bahloul H.Taqi M.Hajeyah D.Krishnan S.Rajagopalan A.Boota Environment Pollution and Climate Program Kuwait Institute for Scientific ResearchP.O.Box 23884SafatKuwait EPA Sierra Leone

A major concern from the scientific community has been raised since evidence of Bisphenol A(BP-A)can leach out from the products where they are incorporated as well as its endocrine disrupting effects observed in animals and ***-A and several related chemicals such as Bisphenol AP(BP-AP),Bisphenol B(BPeB),Bisphenol S(BPeS),Bisphenol AF(BP-AF),Bisphenol(BPeP),Bisphenol Z(BP-Z)were analyzed in this ***-A and BP-S were the only bisphenols detected in the samples analyzed in this *** median(range;mean)concentrations of BP-A found in this study was 321 ng/g(11-200932;4893 ng/g).The analysis was carried out by sonicating 0.1 g of a cryo-milled sample aliquot in methanol followed by UPLC-MS/MS *** concentrations of BP-A were found in several products labeled as BP-A free such as nursing bottles which are particularly problematic from the children's exposure point of *** study presents the first reliable bisphenols in children's toys and baby products commercialized in the Middle *** is,however,a need to continue monitoring these compounds,especially in low-cost toys,and the so-called BP-A-free products,which appear to have high levels of target contaminants and can pose an exposure risk for infants and children in the region.

关键词： Bisphenols Bisphenol A(BP-A) Bisphenol S(BPeS) Children Toys

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An Alternative Technique for Compounding and Fabrication of Lithium Ion Conductive PVB Films with Enhanced Thermal Properties and Electrochromic Performance

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2022年第10期40卷 1213-1222,I0009页

作者： Mohammad Hossein Azarian Jatuphorn Wootthikanokkhan Materials Technology Program School of EnergyEnvironment and MaterialsKing Mongkut's University of Technology ThonburiBangkok 10140Thailand

This research concerns the development of lithium ions conductive electrolyte from poly(vinyl butyral)(PVB)resin for use as a special interlayer film in electrochromic *** obtain the final PVB film with high ionic conductivity and thermal stability,a masterbatch was firstly prepared by mixing of PVB resin with lithium salt(LiClO_(4))and additives in an aqueous ethanol *** this,the dried masterbatch were converted into final films by an extrusion *** this study,PVB film with the highest ionic conductivity value of 4.85×10^(-6) was obtained when the masterbatch was diluted with the neat PVB resin at the weight ratio of 2:1 in the extruder prior to *** results from cyclic voltammetry over 100 cycles,showed that performance of the electrochromic device(ITO/WO_(3)/PVB electrolyte/ITO)fabricated by using the above PVB film is stable and *** overall,this work demonstrates that ion conductive PVB films with compromised ionic conductivity and thermal stability can be prepared via an extrusion process without the need to modify chemical structure of *** was carried out through the masterbatch approach,by introducing (LiClO_(4)) salts into the plasticized PVB via a solution mixing process prior to converting it into a final film via the extrusion process.

关键词： Ionic conductivity Poly(vinyl butyral) Masterbatch mixing Solid polymer electrolyte Electrochromic glass Safety glass

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Degradation of antibiotic sulphamethoxazole by application of modified photo-Fenton processes: kinetics, degradation pathways and toxicity

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International Journal of environmental Studies 2024年第2期81卷 693-723页

作者： de Oliveira Cardoso Nascimento, Camila Palácio, Soraya Moreno Veit, Márcia Teresinha Borba, Fernando Henrique Zorzo, Camila Fernanda Amado, Daieni Vieira Department of Chemical Engineering Western Paraná State University-UNIOESTE Toledo Brazil Postgraduate Program of Environment and Sustainable Technologies Federal University of Fronteira Sul Cerro Largo Brazil

Degradation of antibiotic sulphamethoxazole (SMX) was studied by applying modified photo-Fenton reactions (MPF) with the novel choice of using sodium tripolyphosphate (STP) and sodium hexametaphosphate (SHP) complexing agents. STP and SHP have a strong ability as complexing agents because they can sequester and complex with different ions. Process optimisation was performed using Doehlert design at pH = 6. This study presented higher performance for MPF using STP and SHP complexing agents than conventional photo-Fenton and H2O2 + UV process. The best yields were associated with the formation of a smaller number of intermediates with high degradation efficiency and low oxidative stress, environment-friendly and promising processes. © 2024 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

关键词： Antibiotics

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The optimum dose and period of 17α-methyltestosterone immersion on masculinization of red tilapia(Oreochromis spp.)

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2023年第2期8卷 174-179页

作者： Thuchapol Karaket Aisawan Reungkhajorn Pattareeya Ponza Fisheries Science Program Department of Agricultural ScienceFaculty of Agriculture Natural Resources and EnvironmentNaresuan UniversityPhitsanulok65000Thailand

This study was carried out to examine the effect of combining factors for immersion technique on masculinization of red tilapia(Oreochromis spp.).Three selected doses(1000,1,500,and 2000μg/L)of 17α-methyltestosterone(17 MT)immersion,2 exposure times(3 and 6 h)once or twice a week,and interaction of these factors were tested.A total of 12 treatment combinations under 3×2×2 factorial experiments in randomized complete block design were conducted to compare with the negative control group(no 17 MT-treated)and positive control group(17 MT-treated feed administration).One hundred red tilapia larvae(14 days post-hatch)were randomly allocated in each treatment and were operated in a 10-L glass jar for 21 *** the end of the treatment regime,the survival rate was ***,fish were raised in a 150-L glass tank using normal commercial feed for 2 months and sex ratios were determined via the gonad squash *** of the immersion treatments tested resulted in a statistically significant(p>0.05)decrease in survival *** 17 MT-treated groups produced progenies with a significantly higher(p<0.001)proportion of males than the predicted 1:1 sex *** of some factor combinations in the masculinization of red tilapia were *** male ratio was significantly affected by the dose-period and dose-frequency treatments(p<0.05).The highest male proportion(95.33%±0.58%)was recorded at 1000μg/L of 17 MT for 6 h once a week which was significantly higher(p<0.05)than other *** production cost of the best group was the cheapest(THB0.0066/fish)and decreased from the traditional procedure by about 10.81%.Therefore,this technique could be implemented for decreasing cost and operating process in commercial tilapia farms.

关键词： Masculinization Red tilapia 17α-methyltestosterone Immersion technique

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COMPREHENSIVE DEVELOPMENTS OF THE DISTRIBUTED ACTIVATION ENERGY MODEL (DAEM) FOR DETERMINING PYROLYSIS KINETIC PARAMETERS OF BIOMASS RESIDUES 32nd

COMPREHENSIVE DEVELOPMENTS OF THE DISTRIBUTED ACTIVATION ENE...

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32nd European Biomass Conference and Exhibition, EUBCE 2024

作者： Moreira, Mayara Gabi Rodrigues, Pedro Paulo de Oliveira Silveira, Edgar A. University of Brasília Mechanical Sciences Graduate Program Laboratory of Energy and Environment DF Brasilia70910-900 Brazil

Biomass is a promising green energy source, yet optimizing biomass conversion processes hinges on deeply comprehending the involved kinetic parameters. Acquiring this vital data relies on thermogravimetric experiments using the Distributed Activation Energy Model (DAEM), a prevalent tool for thermal decomposition analysis. However, the intricate mathematical nature of the DAEM equation poses challenges in determining its kinetic parameters using conventional curve-fitting software. This study addresses this hurdle by introducing and validating three numerical algorithms for solving the DAEM equation: a simplified approach developed by Miura-Maki, a discretized method by SCOTT, and the three-parallel-DAEM. To validate the model, existing literature on the pyrolysis of corn stalks and pinewood was used. The Miura-Maki method closely matched the reference data, with minimal mean error compared to the Scott method. Fluctuations were observed in pre-exponential factor values, particularly with the Scott method diverging from others, potentially leading to inaccuracies. Comparison of experimental and numerical predictions revealed higher accuracy with the Miura-Maki method. Additionally, for the three pseudo-component Distributed Activation Energy Model (DAEM), results were consistent with previous findings, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed approach in analyzing biomass degradation patterns accurately. Therefore, the findings affirm the satisfactory performance of both methods, underscoring the robustness of the developed numerical routine. © 2024, ETA-Florence Renewable Energies. All rights reserved.

关键词： Pyrolysis

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Modal analysis under jittering and kernel clock distribution: single-output identification

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Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers: Smart Infrastructure and Construction 2023年第4期177卷 224-235页

作者： Ramadan, Wasim Ozer, Ekin Sustainable Environment and Energy Systems Program Middle East Technical University Northern Cyprus Campus Turkey School of Civil Engineering University College Dublin Dublin Ireland

Smartphones have attracted attention in the structural health monitoring community due to their embedded multisensory platforms suitable for crowdsourcing innovation. Despite their advantages, smartphone sensors are originally designed for user utility rather than technical engineering applications (e.g. vibration analysis and modal identification). Sampling jitter is among those problems adversely influencing smartphone performance as a scientific device that can be used for characterising civil infrastructure dynamic characteristics. With inconsistencies in the sampling period due to jitter effects, the identified modal frequencies of a structure can deviate from the actual value, which is artificially introduced by smartphone clock errors. In this study, the authors formulate the statistical characteristics of the smartphone sampling period through kernel distribution and apply a digital reconstruction remedy to the sampling jitter problem. Through introductory simulations of a sine wave and physical implementations through shaking table tests equipped with smartphones, the efficiency of kernel distribution diagnosis and the signal-reconstruction remedy is presented. Following the simulation and laboratory applications, the proposed techniques are applied to vibration monitoring of a steel pedestrian bridge in terms of the auto power spectral density and short-time Fourier transform of single-output signals. The results show successful rehabilitation of accelerometer data from smartphones, removing jitter-induced errors to a significant extent and accordingly improving the identification accuracy currently in a single-output setting. © 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited: All rights reserved.

关键词： Vibration analysis

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