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Hearing All Voices: environmental Issues and Opportunities in South America

environmental SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023年第35期57卷 12933-12934页

作者： Rosario-Ortiz, Fernando L. Korak, Julie Mihelcic, James Guidotti, Sunny Lowry, Greg Zimmerman, Julie Department of Civil Environmental and Architectural Engineering University of Colorado Boulder 80309 Colorado United States Environmental Engineering Program University of Colorado Boulder 80309 Colorado United States Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of South Florida 4202 East Fowler Ave ENB 118 Tampa 33620 Florida United States UNICEF Latin America and Caribbean Regional Office Building 102 Alberto Tejada St. City of Knowledge 0801 Republic of Panama Civil and Environmental Engineering Department Carnegie Mellon University 119 Porter Hall Pittsburgh 15213 Pennsylvania United States Chemical and Environmental Engineering Yale University 17 Hillhouse Avenue New Haven 06520 Connecticut United States

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Identification of Extreme Precipitation Changes Due to Climate Change in Indonesia 3rd

Identification of Extreme Precipitation Changes Due to Clima...

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3rd International Conference on Radioscience, Equatorial Atmospheric Science and Environment, INCREASE 2023

作者： Aminah, Siti Riawan, Edi Syahputra, Muhammad Ridho Kuntoro, Arno Adi Master Program in Water Resource Management Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering Bandung Institute of Technology Bandung Indonesia Atmospheric Sciences Research Group Faculty of Earth Science and Technology Bandung Institute of Technology Bandung Indonesia Water Resources Engineering Research Group Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering Bandung Institute of Technology Bandung Indonesia

ISBN: (纸本)9789819707393

This study uses Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) and Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) precipitation data to identify extreme precipitation intensity and frequency changes in Indonesia. Extreme precipitation calculations were performed using the Gumbel distribution and return period fitted to annual maxima data. Extreme precipitation and frequency of extreme events were compared between the historical period and the near-future period (2026–2055) and the far-future period (2070–2099) to identify changes. The results showed that there were changes in extreme precipitation in Indonesia both in intensity and frequency of occurrence. Extreme precipitation with a 5-year return period in Indonesia generally has a change value in the range of − 5 to + 25% with most areas likely to increase. The increased value reaches + 20% in the near-future period and + 40% in the far-future period. For the frequency of extreme precipitation above the 5-year return period in Indonesia, the change value is generally in the range of − 40 to + 120% with most areas likely to increase. The increased value reaches + 160% in the near-future period and + 200% in the far-future period. In the higher emission scenario (SSP5-8.5), the areas with higher values of increase will expand both in the change in intensity and frequency of occurrence. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.

关键词： Climate change

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Effects of Initial and Boundary Conditions on Heavy Rainfall Simulation over the Yellow Sea and the Korean Peninsula:Comparison of ECMWF and NCEP Analysis Data Effects and Verification with Dropsonde Observation

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第9期41卷 1787-1803页

作者： Jiwon HWANG Dong-Hyun CHA Donghyuck YOON Tae-Young GOO Sueng-Pil JUNG Department of Civil Urban Earth and Environmental Engineering Ulsan National Institute of Science and TechnologyUlsan 44919South Korea Program in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Princeton UniversityPrincetonNew Jersey 08544USA National Institute of Meteorological Sciences NIMSJeju 63568South Korea

This study evaluated the simulation performance of mesoscale convective system(MCS)-induced precipitation,focusing on three selected cases that originated from the Yellow Sea and propagated toward the Korean *** evaluation was conducted for the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ECMWF)and National Centers for environmental Prediction(NCEP)analysis data,as well as the simulation result using them as initial and lateral boundary conditions for the Weather Research and Forecasting ***,temperature and humidity profiles from 3D dropsonde observations from the National Center for Meteorological Science of the Korea Meteorological Administration served as validation *** showed that the ECMWF analysis consistently had smaller errors compared to the NCEP analysis,which exhibited a cold and dry bias in the lower levels below 850 *** model,in terms of the precipitation simulations,particularly for high-intensity precipitation over the Yellow Sea,demonstrated higher accuracy when applying ECMWF analysis data as the initial *** advantage also positively influenced the simulation of rainfall events on the Korean Peninsula by reasonably inducing convective-favorable thermodynamic features(i.e.,warm and humid lower-level atmosphere)over the Yellow *** conclusion,this study provides specific information about two global analysis datasets and their impacts on MCS-induced heavy rainfall simulation by employing dropsonde observation ***,it suggests the need to enhance the initial field for MCS-induced heavy rainfall simulation and the applicability of assimilating dropsonde data for this purpose in the future.

关键词： initial conditions dropsonde heavy rainfall forecast global model analysis evaluation

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Dimensionality reduction and prediction of soil consolidation coefficient using random forest coupling with Relief algorithm

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil engineering 2022年第2期16卷 224-238页

作者： Hai-Bang LY Huong-Lan Thi VU Lanh Si HO Binh Thai PHAM Department of Civil Engineering University of Transport TechnologyHanoi100000Vietnam Civil and Environmental Engineering Program Hiroshima UniversityHiroshima739-8527Japan Department of Science Technology and International CooperationUniversity of Transport TechnologyHanoi100000Vietnam

The consolidation coefficient of soil(C_(v))is a crucial parameter used for the design of structures leaned on soft *** general,the C_(v) is determined experimentally in the ***,the experimental tests are time-consuming as well as ***,researchers tried several ways to determine C_(v) via other simple soil *** this study,we developed a hybrid model of Random Forest coupling with a Relief algorithm(RF-RL)to predict the C_(v) of *** conduct this study,a database of soil parameters collected from a case study region in Vietnam was used for *** performance of the proposed models was assessed via statistical indicators,namely Coefficient of determination(R^(2)),Root Mean Squared Error(RMSE),and Mean Absolute Error(MAE).The proposal models were constructed with four sets of soil variables,including 6,7,8,and 13 *** results revealed that all models performed well with a high performance(R^(2)>0.980).Although the RF-RL model with 13 variables has the highest prediction accuracy(R^(2)=0.9869),the difference compared with other models was negligible(i.e.,R^(2)=0.9824,0.9850,0.9825 for the cases with 6,7,8 inputs,respectively).Thus,it can be concluded that the hybrid model of RF-RL can be employed to predict C_(v) based on the basic soil parameters.

关键词： soil consolidation coefficient machine learning random forest Relief

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The influence of activation methodologies on the rheological and filtration characteristics of Cyprus smectites for potential use as low density solids in drilling fluids. A case study of Polycanthos quarry 57

The influence of activation methodologies on the rheological...

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57th US Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium

作者： Ramsis, Youstina Sarris, Ernestos Papaloizou, Loizos Gravanis, Elias Vattis, Demetris University of Nicosia Department of Engineering Oil and Gas Program Nicosia Cyprus University of Nicosia Department of Engineering Civil and Environmental Engineering Program Nicosia Cyprus Cyprus University of Technology Department of Civil Engineering and Geomatics Limassol Cyprus Hellenic Mining Public Company Ltd Nicosia Cyprus

ISBN: (纸本)9780979497582

In this work, we investigate the suitability of Cyprus bentonite as low-density solid additive for drilling fluids. Bentonite samples were obtained from a quarry owned by Hellenic mining company Ltd. Samples were mechanically processed to a size + cations that act as swelling inhibitors. Future improvements could be the use of purification methods or chemically process the activation methods with intermediate cation exchange before full sodium activation. © 2023 57th US Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium. All Rights Reserved.

关键词： Bentonite

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Streets, density, and the superblock: neighborhood planning units and street connectivity in Abu Dhabi

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Journal of Urbanism 2023年第2期16卷 168-195页

作者： Alawadi, Khaled Hong Nguyen, Ngoc Alrubaei, Eiman Scoppa, Martin Department of Civil Infrastructure and Environmental Engineering Sustainable Critical Infrastructure Program Khalifa University Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates Faculty of Architecture The University of Danang-University of Science and Technology Danang Viet Nam Sustainable Critical Infrastructure Program Department of Civil Infrastructure and Environmental Engineering Khalifa University Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates Architecture Engineering Department College of Engineering United Arab Emirates University Alain United Arab Emirates

This article studies the efficiency of street networks of Neighborhood Planning Units. Pedestrian Route Directness quantified the NPUs’ efficiency. The sample includes ten Abu Dhabi NPUs built during two periods: pre-1990 and post-1990. Two scenarios are assessed. First, as-built streets are evaluated based on the PRD test. Second, PRD values of NPUs with different plot densities are compared. Results show that plot density does not affect efficiency. A good network design produces high efficiency regardless of its plot density. The effects of streets on efficiency were further revealed by Betweenness. Combining PRD and Betweenness yields important principles of network design. This method can be applied to assess the connectivity of streets in different contexts. Future research should focus on: How do alleys contribute to the efficiency of NPUs? How do street configurations influence the behavior of movement? And how should NPUs be evaluated as local street systems with global implications?. © 2021 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

关键词： betweenness density neighborhood planning units pedestrian route directness Street connectivity

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ANALYSIS OF NITROGEN FLOW IN FOOD WASTE: A CASE STUDY OF THE UNIVERSITY RESTAURANT-UNB 32nd

ANALYSIS OF NITROGEN FLOW IN FOOD WASTE: A CASE STUDY OF THE...

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32nd European Biomass Conference and Exhibition, EUBCE 2024

作者： Ramos, Arthur Augusto Frasson De Brites, Eneida Campos Felipe Soares, Raquel Moraes Silveira, Edgar A. Contreras, Francisco University of Brasilia Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering DF Brasilia70910-900 Brazil University of Brasilia Graduate Program on Environmental Technology and Water Resources Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering DF Brasilia70910-900 Brazil Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology of Brasília Estrutural Campus DF Brasília71250-000 Brazil University of Brasília Mechanical Sciences Graduate Program Laboratory of Energy and Environment DF Brasilia70910-900 Brazil

With the projected global population reaching 9.7 billion by 2050, the production and consumption of food continue to escalate. Nitrogen is pivotal in this landscape due to its significance in living organisms and the environmental repercussions associated with nutrient-rich waste. Inappropriate disposal of such residues contributes to nitrogen release into the environment, impacting aquatic ecosystems and precipitating the generation of greenhouse gases. This study tackles the global challenge of effectively managing nitrogen in food waste by utilizing Material Flow Analysis (MFA) as a tool to comprehend this cycle. The analysis uncovered that vegetables, legumes, and fruits constitute the primary sources of waste generation, while meats, despite their lower mass, account for a substantial proportion of total nitrogen depletion. In the surveyed month of October 2023, 174,834 meals were served, resulting in an average food consumption N-footprint of 0.003 kg of nitrogen discarded per individual meal within the restaurant’s organic waste. These findings indicate that 65% of nitrogen is consumed in meal form, while 35% is discarded as organic solid waste. However, 53% of the nitrogen in the residues originates from food preparation processes, with food preparation responsible for over half of this figure. A deeper process analysis reveals that vegetables have low nitrogen concentrations, although they significantly contribute to waste at all stages. In contrast, meats and eggs, with higher nitrogen concentrations, emerge as noteworthy contributors to the overall nitrogen content in waste. Vegetables and meats contribute about 50% and 45% of the total nitrogen, respectively. These outcomes substantially enhance our comprehension of waste generation dynamics and nutrient utilization at the university restaurant, assisting with waste management, design of sustainable menus, reduction of food waste, and optimized resource utilization, contributing to sustainability and re

关键词： Effluent treatment

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Estimation of Internal Solitary Waves Propagation Speeds and Occurrence using Long-term Sentinel-1 SAR Data in the Lombok Strait, Indonesia

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IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing 2025年 18卷 13770-13777页

作者： Chonnaniyah As-Syakur, Abd. Rahman Raharja, I Made Dharma Osawa, Takahiro Environmental Engineering Program Denpasar Bali80119 Indonesia Udayana University Marine Science Department Faculty of Marine and Fisheries Bukit Jimbaran Campus Bali80361 Indonesia Denpasar Bali80234 Indonesia Yamaguchi Ube755- 8611 Japan

Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data are necessary for ocean observations and useful for detecting internal solitary waves (ISWs). Sentinel-1 provides free and open data access, and offers valuable long-term datasets for ISW studies. The Lombok Strait is well known for its large ISW amplitude in SAR images. This strait is an outflow for the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF), which plays a crucial role in global thermohaline circulation. A nine-year dataset of Sentinel-1 SAR imagery in the Lombok Strait areas was utilized for the first time to analyze the occurrence frequency detection and propagation speed estimation of ISWs. This study proposes combining information from Sentinel-1 images with tidal predictions from a model to estimate the propagation speed of ISWs in the Lombok Strait. Correlation analysis revealed a moderate positive relationship between ISW occurrence and the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) index (0.365), while the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) index had a negligible influence (-0.006). For ISW propagation speeds, there was moderate negative correlation with ENSO (-0.30) and a weak negative correlation with IOD (-0.18), suggesting that ENSO-related changes in ocean stratification have a stronger impact on ISW propagation. Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analysis identified a 54-month cycle of ISW occurrence and a 12-month cycle of propagation speed, highlighting the effects of long-term climatic oscillations and seasonal patterns on ISW dynamics. This research demonstrates the utility of remote sensing techniques, such as SAR, in detecting ISW surface signatures, although biases remain compared to in-situ measurements due to limitations in temporal resolution and environmental factors. © 2008-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Fourier analysis

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Dynamic changes of fatty acids and (R)-dichlorprop toxicity in Arabidopsis thaliana: correlation, mechanism, and implications

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environmental Science and Pollution Research 2024年第43期31卷 55522-55534页

作者： Li, Jun Zhang, Qiushui Chen, Hui Xu, Dongmei Chen, Zunwei Wen, Yuezhong MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation & amp Ecosystem Health College of Environmental and Resource Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou310058 China College of Science and Technology Ningbo University Ningbo315211 China Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province College of Biological and Environmental Engineering Zhejiang Shuren University Hangzhou310015 China Program in Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Department of Environmental Health Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health BostonMA02115 United States

Plant fatty acids (FAs) are critical components of lipids and play an important role in coping with pollution-induced stress. However, the relationship between the fluctuating changes of FAs and the toxic effects of pollutants is not clear. Here, we analyzed and identified 19 FAs, namely 14 medium and long chain fatty acids (MLCFAs) and 5 very long chain fatty acids (VLCFAs). First, a positive correlation between plant biomass and LCFA content was observed. Changes in unsaturation were inversely related to cell membrane permeability, which serves as an indicator of the toxic effects. In particular, the use of herbicides led to a reduction in total FA content, but caused a significant increase in free fatty acids (FFAs), which facilitate oxidative stress. In addition, supplementation with exogenous FAs, particularly linoleic and alpha-linolenic acids, effectively alleviated the toxic inhibition. (R)-dichlorprop causes abnormal FA metabolism that can be reversed by ferrostatin-1, a ferroptosis inhibitor. Under (R)-dichlorprop exposure, the balance of FA unsaturation in plants is disrupted by inhibition of FA desaturase activity, ultimately leading to ferroptosis and disruption of cell membrane integrity. This study aims to enhance the understanding of the ecotoxic effects of herbicides by examining changes in FAs. The findings will provide a scientific basis for controlling environmental risks associated with hazardous substances. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Cell membranes

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A decoupled CFD-mechanical model for estimating the deflections from CO2 sequestration in low & high buoyancy flow regimes 57

A decoupled CFD-mechanical model for estimating the deflecti...

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57th US Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium

作者： Sarris, Ernestos Papaloizou, Loizos Gravanis, Elias University of Nicosia Department of Engineering Oil and Gas Program Nicosia Cyprus University of Nicosia Department of Engineering Civil and Environmental Engineering Program Nicosia Cyprus Cyprus University of Technology Department of Civil Engineering and Geomatics Limassol Cyprus Eratosthenes Centre of Excellence Cyprus University of Technology Limassol Cyprus

ISBN: (纸本)9780979497582

This work evaluates the caprock deflections at various timeframes induced by underground injection of CO2 in all flow regimes for cap integrity considerations in CO2 sequestration. The pressure profiles in the various regimes are not known a-priori and depend strongly on the pumping scenarios followed and are hence obtained numerically via CFD numerical simulations that were performed with the software Ansys-Fluent. Following a decoupled approach for time effectiveness, pressure profiles are approximated by logarithmic functions and integrated into a mathematical model assuming elastic medium storage, cap and surface rocks while the formulation is in the spirit of the Germain-Poisson-Kirchhoff thin plate theory. Elastic solutions are developed for the axisymmetric flexure deflections of the cap layer during CO2 internal pressurization of the aquifer for the low buoyancy and high buoyancy regimes. The novelty of the model lies in the fact that is capable for estimating fast and accurately the deflections created in the various flow regimes with a simplified approach, effectively avoiding the time consuming fully coupled FEA-CFD and could be used as a convenient tool for evaluating cap rock integrity. The results of the analysis indicate that for the set of data used, most uplift magnitudes are not capable for creating fractures on the cap rock compromising the cap integrity when the solution is mapped in the high-buoyancy regime. On the other hand, if the solution is mapped in the low-buoyancy regime the pressure-induced, could cause poro-elastic deflections over time which could lead eventually to fracture creation. © 2023 57th US Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium. All Rights Reserved.

关键词： Buoyancy

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