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Acid-catalyzed hydrothermal treatment of sewage sludge: effects of reaction temperature and acid concentration on the production of hydrolysis by-products

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Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery 2023年第9期13卷 7533-7546页

作者： Pham, Van Toi Guan, Chung-Yu Han, Po-Chun Matsagar, Babasaheb M. Wu, Kevin C. W. Ahamad, Tansir Chang, Ching-Yuan Yu, Chang-Ping Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei106 Taiwan Faculty of Environmental Engineering National University of Civil Engineering 55 Giai Phong Hai Ba Trung Hanoi100000 Viet Nam Department of Environmental Engineering National Ilan University Yilan260 Taiwan Ph.D. Program of Green Materials and Precision Devices National Taiwan University Taipei10617 Taiwan Department of Chemical Engineering National Taiwan University No. 1 Sec. 4 Roosevelt Road Taipei10617 Taiwan Department of Chemistry College of Science King Saud University P.O. Box 2455 Riyadh11451 Saudi Arabia Water Innovation Low Carbon and Environmental Sustainability Research Center National Taiwan University Taipei106 Taiwan

Sewage sludge (SS) is an organic biomass from wastewater treatment plants, but the use of SS to produce bio-based chemicals under acid-catalyzed hydrolysis (ACH) processes is not well investigated. In this study, ACH processes were performed at 120, 150, and 180 °C using sulfuric acid (H2SO4) with concentrations of 0–0.5 M within a reaction time of 90–180 min to produce bio-based chemicals from SS. The results showed that the reaction temperature, reaction time, and concentrations of H2SO4 affected the yields of sugars, levulinic acid (LA), and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). The highest xylose and glucose yields were 7.69 mol% and 5.22 mol% at 120 °C with 0.5 M H2SO4 during the 180 min of reaction time, respectively. Besides, under the ACH process at 180 °C and 180 min, the yield of LA reached a maximum value of 0.48 mol% at 0.5 M H2SO4, and the highest yield of HMF was 1.66 mol% at 0.1 M H2SO4. The data obtained also indicated that the ACH process led to an increase in soluble chemical oxygen demand, dissolved organic carbon, and total dissolved nitrogen. Fluorescence excitation-emission matrix of dissolved organic matter and thermogravimetric analysis of the treated SS further supported the enhanced solubilization of SS after ACH process, especially under higher reaction temperature and concentrations of H2SO4. Although the lower yields of bio-based chemicals might restrict the downstream recovery of the target products, the largely improved SS solubilization by ACH suggests that acid-catalyzed hydrothermal hydrolysis process has potential as an alternative pretreatment method of SS. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.

关键词： Sewage sludge

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Ultrathin carbon biphenylene network as an anisotropic thermoelectric material with high temperature stability under mechanical strain

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Physical Review Materials 2025年第2期9卷 024003-024003页

作者： Gözde Özbal Sargin Salih Demirci Kai Gong V. Ongun Özçelik Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences Sabanci University Istanbul 34956 Turkey Materials Science and Nano Engineering Program Sabanci University Istanbul 34956 Turkey Department of Physics Kirikkale University Kirikkale 71450 Turkey Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Rice University Texas 77005 USA

Carbon biphenylene network (C-BPN), which is an ultrathin material consisting of carbon atoms arranged in square-hexagonal-octagonal (4-6-8) periodic rings, has intriguing properties for nano-scale device design due to its unique crystal structure. Here, using the Landauer formalism in combination with first-principles calculations, we show that C-BPN is a highly stable thermoelectric material at elevated temperatures under mechanical strain, where its thermoelectric efficiency can be anisotropically engineered. Transport calculations reveal that C-BPN's transmission spectrum has significant degrees of directional anisotropy and it undergoes a metal-insulator transition under strain, which leads to an increase in its Seebeck coefficient. C-BPN's lattice thermal conductance can be selectively tuned up to 35% bidirectionally at room temperature by strain engineering. Enhancement in its power factor and the suppression of its lattice thermal conductance improves the p-type figure of merit up to 0.31 and 0.46 at 300 and 500 K, respectively. Our findings reveal that C-BPN has high potency to be used in thermoelectric nanodevices with selective anisotropic properties at elevated temperatures.

关键词： Metal insulator transition

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Mass transport in a highly immiscible alloy on extended shear deformation

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Journal of Materials science & Technology 2023年第3期134卷 197-208页

作者： Miao Song Jia Liu Xiaolong Ma Qin Pang Matthew J.Olszta Joshua Silverstein Madhusudhan R.Pallaka Peter V.Sushko Suveen N.Mathaudhu Cynthia Powell Arun Devaraj Bharat Gwalani Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate Pacific Northwest National Laboratory902 Battelle BoulevardRichlandWA 99354USA Energy and Environmental Directorate Pacific Northwest National Laboratory902 Battelle BoulevardRichlandWA 99354USA Material Science and Engineering Program University of CaliforniaRiversideCA92521USA Colorado School of Mines 1500 Illinois St.GoldenCO 8040USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC27695-7907USA State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy Central South Uni-versityChangsha 410083China

Forced mixing to a single-phase or supersaturated solid solution(SSS)and its prerequisite microstructure evolution in immiscible systems has been a focus of research for fundamental science and practical *** the formation of SSS by shear deformation could enable a material design beyond conventional equilibrium microstructure in immiscible ***,a highly immiscible Cu-50 at.%Cr binary alloy(mixing enthalpy of∼20 kJ mol^(−1))was employed to investigate the microstructure evolution and localized tendencies of SSS during severe shear *** results demonstrate the dislocation mediated microstructural refinement process in each phase of the binary alloy and the mechanisms associated with localized solute supersaturation as a function of shear *** grain refinement in the softer Cu phase occurs owing to the strain localization driving the preferential dynamic *** grain refinement of the Cr phase,however,is enabled by the progressive evolution of grain lamination,splitting,and fragmentation as a function of shear *** solute supersaturation is found to be strongly dependent on the local environments that affect the dislocation activity,including the level of microstructure refinement,the interfacial orientation relationship,the mechanical incompatibility,and the localized preferential phase *** initio simulations confirm that it is more favorable to oxidize Cr than Cu at incoherent Cu/Cr interfaces,limiting the mass transport on an incoherent *** results unveil the mechanism underpinning the non-equilibrium mass transport in immiscible systems upon severe deformation that can be applied to produce immiscible alloys with superior mechanical properties.

关键词： Tribology Immiscible alloys Nanostructures Shear deformation Forced mixing Atom probe

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Integrating clustering algorithms and machine learning to optimize regional snapshot municipal solid waste management for achieving sustainable development goals

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environmental Advances 2025年 19卷

作者： Taweesan, Achara Kanabkaew, Thongchai Surinkul, Nawatch Polprasert, Chongrak Department of Environmental Science Faculty of Science Ramkhamhaeng University Bangkok Thailand Occupational and Environmental Health Program Faculty of Public Health Thammasat University Pathumthani Thailand Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty of Engineering Mahidol University Thailand Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of Engineering Thammasat University Pathumthani Thailand

Effective municipal solid waste management (MSWM) is essential for sustainable urban development, significantly impacting environmental health, economic efficiency, and social well-being. It aligns with Sustainable Development Goal 11 (SDG11), which aims to make cities inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable by ensuring waste is safely managed from collection to disposal. This study evaluates the performance of MSWM practices across various cities in different regions, updated as of March 2023, to assess the achievement of SDG11. By reviewing published literature and conducting questionnaire surveys and key informant interviews with government authorities and service providers, data on access to managed MSW facilities were collected from 470 cities across various income-level regions to monitor MSWM progress toward SDG11 targets. Clustering algorithms and machine learning were employed to identify patterns and enhance MSWM practices across these regions, focusing on achieving SDG11. Hierarchical cluster analysis identified four clusters based on MSWM performance: high-income, upper-middle-income, lower-middle-income, and low-income regions. The developed decision-tree models provided a comprehensive analysis of effective MSW collection and disposal, achieving accuracies of approximately 75 % and 73 %, respectively. The models highlighted the importance of high collection coverage, proper disposal facilities, and robust institutional frameworks in achieving effective MSWM. The findings emphasize the need for targeted interventions and advanced analytical methods to enhance regional MSWM strategies, supporting the attainment of SDG11. © 2024 The Author(s)

关键词： Clustering algorithms Collection efficiency Machine learning Municipal solid waste management Sustainable development goal Treatment efficiency Waste management practices

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Observing super-coarse carbonaceous aerosol particles containing chloride in a tropical savanna climate at an agro-forest site in Thailand

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environmental science and Pollution Research 2024年第55期31卷 63718-63733页

作者： Bridhikitti, Arika Kumsawat, Chananphat Phitakpinyo, Nutthanaphat Sontisaka, Sirawich Naksaro, Ratipong Sawangproh, Weerachon Nakayama, Tomoki Environmental Engineering and Disaster Management Program School of Interdisciplinary Studies Mahidol University Kanchanaburi Campus 199 Moo 9 Lumsum Sub-District Saiyok District Kanchanaburi71150 Thailand Mahidol-York Interdisciplinary Living Research Excellence Center Mahidol University Kanchanaburi Campus 199 Moo 9 Lumsum Sub-District Saiyok District Kanchanaburi71150 Thailand Conservation Biology Program School of Interdisciplinary Studies Mahidol University Kanchanaburi Campus 199 Moo 9 Lumsum Sub-District Saiyok District Kanchanaburi71150 Thailand Faculty of Environmental Science Nagasaki University 1-14 Bunkyo-Machi Nagasaki Nagasaki City8528521 Japan

Coarse aerosol particles containing chloride in tropical forests are significant for understanding biogeochemical cycles and atmospheric processes, with implications for environmental health and climate change mitigation. This study explored the sources of super-coarse carbonaceous aerosol particles containing chloride in a tropical savanna climate. Aerosol samples were collected from an agro-forest site in Thailand during the dry season and analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. By examining the morphology and elemental compositions of individual aerosol particles, along with employing Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) and backward trajectory analysis, potential sources were identified. The findings revealed two primary sources for the super-coarse aerosol particles: a mixture of biomass burning smoke and inorganic salts (likely from saline soil and sea salt), as well as halophilic fungal spores. FTIR analysis indicated the presence of compounds linked to biomass burning and clay minerals, influenced by prevailing northeast and southeast winds. Recommendations for future research include continued monitoring, correlation with meteorological parameters, and the application of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for more detailed visualization and confirmation of aerosol sources. © The Author(s) 2024.

关键词： Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

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Assessing the Potential of Biodegradable Plastics in a Circular Economy: A Methodological Outlook

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Circular Economy and Sustainability 2025年第2期5卷 1291-1305页

作者： Scheers, Quinten Nimmegeers, Philippe Galant, Or Spatari, Sabrina Van den Brande, Niko Brancart, Joost Billen, Pieter Faculty of Applied Engineering Intelligence in Processes Advanced Catalysts and Solvents (iPRACS) University of Antwerp Groenenborgerlaan 171 Antwerp 2020 Belgium Faculty of Business and Economics Department of Engineering Management Environmental Economics (EnvEcon) University of Antwerp Prinsstraat 13 Antwerp 2000 Belgium Flanders Make@UAntwerp Antwerp 2000 Belgium Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering Technion– Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 3200003 Israel Grand Technion Energy Program Technion– Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 3200003 Israel Physical Chemistry and Polymer Science (FYSC) Vrije Universiteit Brussel Pleinlaan 2 Brussels 1050 Belgium IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute Valhallavägen 81 Stockholm 11428 Sweden

Increased biodegradability, in other words reduced environmental recalcitrance, has the potential to be an important asset in the battle against plastics pollution. It can partially mitigate global plastic leakages into the environment, which is next to their impact on climate change the biggest concern regarding plastics use. Biodegradation should be regarded as an optimal safety net in many applications and should often not be the targeted waste management option for biodegradable plastics. Biodegradability should not preclude reuse or proper recyclability, which are impactful means to reduce the carbon intensity of plastics lifecycles. Despite the added advantages, the market penetration of biodegradable plastics is only very slowly growing. Moreover, policy recommends its use only in limited applications, driven by sometimes-higher cost and limited recyclability. In this article, we posit that arguments against widespread application of biodegradable plastics are largely driven by misperceptions arising from intrinsic limitations of contemporary sustainability assessments and offer an alternative viewpoint that could compensate for this. In general, sustainability assessments fail to properly assess learning curves, often do not take littering potential into account, and are rather conservative with respect to background systems. Hence, recyclability– or better: circularity– judgements often do not resolve the paradoxical situation in which increased market shares lead to easier and more profitable recycling schemes and vice versa. Judging disruptive innovations by incorporating thermodynamics-inspired, less data-intensive, state-based methods, based on, e.g., statistical entropy analysis, into the decision support framework could allow to forecast packaging markets with performant materials that are intrinsically circular, having reduced environmental recalcitrance. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.

关键词： Biodegradable Plastics Decision Making Statistical Entropy Sustainability Assessments

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Unravelling biosynthesis and biodegradation potentials of microbial dark matters in hypersaline lakes

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environmental science and Ecotechnology 2024年第4期20卷 177-188页

作者： Zhiguang Qiu Yuanyuan Zhu Qing Zhang Xuejiao Qiao Rong Mu Zheng Xu Yan Yan Fan Wang Tong Zhang Wei-Qin Zhuang Ke Yu School of Environment and Energy Peking University Shenzhen Graduate SchoolShenzhen518055China AI for Science(AI4S)-Preferred Program Peking UniversityShenzhen518055China Southern University of Sciences and Technology Yantian Hospital Shenzhen518081China Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology Shenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen518055China State Key Laboratory of Isotope Geochemistry CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth ScienceGuangzhou Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou510640China School of Atmospheric Sciences Sun Yat-sen UniversitySouthern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai)Zhuhai519082China Department of Civil Engineering University of Hong Kong999077Hong KongChina Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversity of AucklandNew Zealand

Biosynthesis and biodegradation of microorganisms critically underpin the development of biotechnology,new drugs and therapies,and environmental ***,most uncultured microbial species along with their metabolic capacities in extreme environments,remain *** we unravel the metabolic potential of microbial dark matters(MDMs)in four deep-inland hypersaline lakes in Xinjiang,*** metagenomic binning,we uncovered a rich diversity of 3030 metagenomeassembled genomes(MAGs)across 82 phyla,revealing a substantial portion,2363 MAGs,as previously unclassified at the genus *** unknown MAGs displayed unique distribution patterns across different lakes,indicating a strong correlation with varied physicochemical *** analysis revealed an extensive array of 9635 biosynthesis gene clusters(BGCs),with a remarkable 9403 being novel,suggesting untapped biotechnological ***,some MAGs from potentially new phyla exhibited a high density of these *** biosynthesis,our study also identified novel biodegradation pathways,including dehalogenation,anaerobic ammonium oxidation(Anammox),and degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)and plastics,in previously unknown microbial *** findings significantly enrich our understanding of biosynthesis and biodegradation processes and open new avenues for biotechnological innovation,emphasizing the untapped potential of microbial diversity in hypersaline environments.

关键词： Biosynthesis Biodegradation Hypersaline lakes Metagenome-assembled genomes Microbial dark matters

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New microbial electrosynthesis system for methane production from carbon dioxide coupled with oxidation of sulfide to sulfate

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Journal of environmental sciences 2023年第3期125卷 786-797页

作者： Hiromi Kambara Ha T.T.Dinh Shuji Matsushita Yoshiteru Aoi Tomonori Kindaichi Noriatsu Ozaki Akiyoshi Ohashi Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Graduate School of EngineeringHiroshima University1–4–1KagamiyamaHigashi-HiroshimaHiroshima 739–8527Japan Faculty of Environment Ho Chi Minh City University of Natural Resources and Environment236 Le Van Sy1 WardTan Binh DistrictHo Chi Minh CityVietnam Agricultural Technology Research Center Hiroshima Prefectural Technology Research Institute6869HaraHachihonmatsuHigashihiroshimaHiroshima 739–0151Japan Program of Biotechnology Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for LifeHiroshima University1–3–1KagamiyamaHigashi-HiroshimaHiroshima 739–8530Japan Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Graduate School of Advanced Science and EngineeringHiroshima University1–4–1KagamiyamaHigashi-HiroshimaHiroshima 739–8527Japan

Microbial electrosynthesis system (MES) is a promising method that can use carbon dioxide,which is a greenhouse gas,to produce methane which acts as an energy source,without using organic ***,this bioelectrical reduction reaction can proceed at a certain high applied voltage when coupled with water oxidation in the anode coated with metallic *** coupled with the oxidation of HS–to SO_(4)^(2-),methane production is thermodynamically more feasible,thus implying its production at a considerably lower applied *** this study,we demonstrated the possibility of electrotrophic methane production coupled with HS–oxidation in a cost-effective bioanode chamber in the MES without organic substrates at a low applied voltage of 0.2 *** addition,microbial community analyses of biomass enriched in the bioanode and biocathode were used to reveal the most probable pathway for methane production from HS–*** the bioanode,electroautotrophic SO_(4)^(2-)production accompanied with electron donation to the electrode is performed mainly by the following two steps:first,incomplete sulfide oxidation to sulfur cycle intermediates (SCI) is performed;then the produced SCI are disproportionated to HS^(–)and SO_(4)^(2-).In the biocathode,methane is produced mainly via H_(2)and acetate by electronaccepting syntrophic bacteria,homoacetogens,and acetoclastic ***,a new ecofriendly MES with biological H_(2)S removal is established.

关键词： Microbial electrosynthesis system Low applied voltage Organic substrates Methane production Sulfur oxidation

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Comparative analysis of hydrochemical variables of two Ramsar-listed lakes in Pokhara Valley, Nepal

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International Journal of Energy and Water Resources 2023年第1期7卷 1-13页

作者： Pant, R.R. Bishwakarma, K. Pal, K.B. Thapa, L.B. Shrestha, R.G. Karuppannan, S. Garu, L. Bista, S. Singh, V.B. Central Department of Environmental Science Institute of Science and Technology Tribhuvan University Kathmandu Nepal Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Tri-Chandra Multiple Campus Tribhuvan University Kathmandu Nepal Central Department of Botany Institute of Science and Technology Tribhuvan University Kathmandu Nepal Division of Sustainable Energy and Environmental Engineering Osaka University 2-1 Yamadaoka Osaka Suita 565-0871 Japan School of Applied Natural Sciences (SoANS) Adama Science and Technology University Adama Ethiopia Environmental Health in Disaster Program Central Department of Environmental Science Institute of Science and Technology Tribhuvan University Kathmandu Nepal School of Environmental Sciences Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi 110067 India

Freshwater is one of the indispensable resources for the livelihood improvement of people and ecological sustainability. This study aims to assess the hydrochemical characteristics and drinking and irrigational water quality of the Ramsar-listed Begnas Lake and Rupa Lake in the Gandaki Province, Nepal. The results revealed that the water was mildly alkaline in both lakes. The order of ionic dominancy was found to be HCO₃⁻ > SO₄²⁻ > Cl⁻ > NO₃⁻ for anions and Ca²⁺ > Na⁺ > Mg²⁺ > K⁺ for cations in both the lakes. The results showed that ion sources in both lakes were primarily regulated by carbonate type weathering, which was consistent with the results obtained from the (Ca²⁺ + Mg²⁺)/total cations and (Ca²⁺ + Mg²⁺)/(K⁺ + Na⁺) ratios, which had average values of 0.50 and 0.46;and 5.10 and 4.0, respectively, in Begnas Lake and Rupa Lake, respectively. All the irrigational indices showed that the water from both lakes was appropriate for irrigational purposes. The water quality index exhibited that the water in the study lakes was suitable for drinking purposes. The imprints of global climate change and increasing anthropic interferences could be crucial factors for the water quality management of Himalayan lakes in the future. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Iranian Society of environmentalists (IRSEN) and science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University 2022.

关键词： Chemical characterization Himalaya lakes Hydrochemistry Ramsar site Water quality

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The dependence in microcystin removal with powdered activated carbon on variant properties, carbon properties, and dissolved organic matter

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Chemosphere 2024年 351卷 141205页

作者： Huang, Yuzhou Lenhart, John J. Environmental Science Graduate Program The Ohio State University United States Department of Civil Environmental and Geodetic Engineering The Ohio State University United States

Powdered activated carbon (PAC) is commonly used by water treatment plants to remove harmful cyanotoxins such as microcystins (MCs) produced during seasonal harmful algal blooms. MC removal by PAC depends upon the properties of the PAC, the properties of the MC variant, and the presence and properties of dissolved organic matter (DOM). To identify which of these factors has the greatest impact on the removal of MC by PAC, we evaluated the removal of four different MC variants (MC-LR, MC-LA, MC-RR and desmethylated MC-RR) by three different PAC types (wood-based, coal-blend and coal-based). The role of DOM properties was evaluated using DOM isolated from two different sources, a terrestrial source (Suwannee River Fulvic Acid, SRFA) and a microbial source (Grand Lake St Marys DOM, GLSM). The results of adsorption experiments conducted over a period of 72 h demonstrated the wood-based PAC, which had the highest surface area and mesopore volume of the PAC tested, had the highest adsorption rate and capacity for all four MC variants. Of the variants studied, neutrally charged MC-RR was adsorbed more rapidly and to a greater extent on all of the PAC types than were the other variants. Although MC-LA and MC-LR had the greatest hydrophobicity, their negative charges resulted in their being adsorbed the least. As expected, DOM inhibited microcystin adsorption to PAC. The degree of inhibition, however, did not significantly vary for the two DOM types evaluated, indicating the properties of the DOM on MC adsorption to PAC was less important than the PAC properties or MC variant properties. Overall, PAC properties were a more important factor in MC removal than were the MC properties or DOM conditions. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Adsorption DOM Kinetic Mesopores Microcystin PAC

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