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Collection and Characteritzation of Ultra-Fine Airborne Particulates

Microscopy and Microanalysis 2003年第S2期9卷 790-791页

作者： J. J. Bang L. E. Murr M. A. Chaney Environmental Science & Engineering Program The University of Texas at El Paso TX 7996 Dept. of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering The University of Texas at El Paso 500 S. University M-201 El Paso TX 79968

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Wavelet-based system for classification of airborne laser scanner data

Wavelet-based system for classification of airborne laser sc...

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IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS)

作者： T. Thuy Vu R. Yokoyama F. Yamazaki M. Tokunaga STAR Program Asian Institute of Technology Pathum Thani Thailand Institute of Industrial Science University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan Environmental System Engineering Kanazawa Institute of Technology Ishikawa Japan

A new semi-automatic processing system for classification of airborne laser scanner cloud points is developed. To mitigate the difficulty caused by the complex distribution of objects on Earth's surface, wavelet was adopted in size-based clustering of laser points. A hybrid method of processing laser scanner data in both grid and raw formats was also adopted to speed up the processing time and adjust the smoothing effect of interpolation. The processing focused on processing the data acquired over urban area. This paper presents and explains the components of the system using the test data acquired over Shinjuku area, Tokyo, Japan.

关键词： Interpolation Laser theory Clouds Filtering Equations Low pass filters Data engineering Systems engineering and theory Surface waves Surface emitting lasers

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Management of hazardous waste in Thailand: present situation and future prospects

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Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management 2003年第1期5卷 0031-0038页

作者： H. Ozaki K. Sharma C. Phanuwan K. Fukushi C. Polprasert Department of Civil Engineering Osaka Sangyo University 3-1-1 Nakagaito Daito Osaka 574-8530 Japan Tel. +81-72-875-3001 (ext. 3718) Fax +81-72-875-5044 e-mail: ozaki@ce.osaka-sandai.ac.jp JP Urban Environmental Engineering and Management Program School of Environment Resources and Development Asian Institute of Technology Pathumthani Thailand TH Environmental Science Center The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan JP

This paper deals with the present scenario of hazardous waste management practices in Thailand, and gives some insights into future prospects. Industrialization in Thailand has systematically increased the generation of hazardous waste. The total hazardous waste generated in 2001 was 1.65 million tons. It is estimated that over 300 million kg/year of hazardous waste is generated from nonindustrial, community sources (e.g., batteries, fluorescent lamps, cleansing chemicals, pesticides). No special facilities are available for handling these wastes. There are neither well-established systems for separation, storage, collection, and transportation, nor the effective enforcement of regulations related to hazardous wastes management generated from industrial or nonindustrial sectors. Therefore, because of a lack of treatment and disposal facilities, these wastes find their way into municipal wastewaters, public landfills, nearby dump sites, or waterways, raising serious environmental concern. Furthermore, Thailand does not have an integrated regulatory framework regarding the monitoring and management of hazardous materials and wastes. In addition to the absence of a national definition of hazardous wastes, limited funding has caused significant impediments to the effective management of hazardous waste. Thus, current waste management practices in Thailand present significant potential hazards to humans and the environment. The challenging issues of hazardous waste management in Thailand are not only related to a scarcity of financial resources (required for treatment and disposal facilities), but also to the fact that there has been no development of appropriate technology following the principles of waste minimization and sustainable development. A holistic approach to achieving effective hazardous waste management that integrates the efforts of all sectors, government, private, and community, is needed for the betterment of human health and the environment.

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Patents Commentary

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CATTECH 2002年第1期6卷 9-10页

作者： Turaga, Uday Fuel Science Program Department of Energy and Geo-Environmental Engineering and Clean Fuels and Catalysis Program The Energy Institute The Pennsylvania State University University Park

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Lane‐occupancy‐delay estimation system (LODES) for logistics information management

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Logistics Information Management 2002年第1期15卷 58-71页

作者： Steven I. Chien H. Joseph Wen Ching‐Jung Ting Jing Qu Steven I. Chien is based at the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering New Jersey Institute of Technology Newark New Jersey USA. H. Joseph Wen is based at the Department of Applied Computer Science College of Applied Science and Technology Illinois State University Normal Illinois USA. Ching‐Jung Ting is based at the Department of Industrial Engineering and Management Yuan Ze University Chung‐Li Taoyuan Taiwan. Jing Qu is based at the Interdisciplinary Program in Transportation New Jersey Institute of Technology Newark New Jersey USA.

Work‐zone delay is very costly to the movement of goods and people. It is increasingly problematic for logistics management if the travel time or delay information cannot be estimated in an accurate way. This paper describes a study to investigate the effects of work zones, enhance computer‐based capability to estimate the associated work‐zone delays, assess the interrelationship of significant factors that affect work‐zone delays and develop a user‐friendly tool to assist transportation operations and logistics planning. A computerized information system, called lane‐occupancy‐delay estimation system (LODES), is developed to assess work‐zone delays that may affect short‐ or long‐term logistic activities. The results from trials and their implications are discussed and, finally, areas of further research are proposed.

关键词： Logistics Simulation Information systems

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Monitoring the navy's strategic reserve of ozone-depleting substances

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 2002年第4期114卷 95-104页

作者： Smith, DE Breslin, DA Toms, GS Norton, P DENNIS E. SMITH PH.D. is currently a statistical consultant for GEO-CENTERS INC. He received a B.A. in Mathematics (magna cum laude)from Wabash College and an M.S. in mathematics an M.S. in statistics and a Ph.D. in statistics from the University of Wisconsin. From November 1973 until February 1999 he was president and principal statistician at Desmatics Inc. where he participated in a number of studies involving the application of statistical methods to various technical problems in the Navy's environmental-protection and auxiliary-machinery programs. Dr. Smith was instrumental in developing the statistical procedures underlying the Navy's ODS reserve monitoring plan. DAVID A. BRESLIN P.E. is the director of technical operations for the Naval Surface Warfare Center and chairs the ASNE/SNAME Joint Committee on Environmental Engineering. He received a master of science in aerospace engineering from Virginia Tech a master of engineering administration in industrial and systems engineering from Virginia Tech and a bachelor of engineering in mechanical engineering from Stevens Institute of Technology. From 1993 to 1997 he was the program manager of the Naval Sea Systems Command's CFC and Halon Elimination Program and played a critical role in establishing the Navy's strategic reserve of ozone-depleting substances. Because of his many efforts he received a Stratospheric Ozone Protection Award in 1995 from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in recognition of “exceptional contributions to global environmental protection”. GREGORY S. TOMS P.E. is the CFC &Halon Elimination Program Manager for the Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA). He received a master of science degree in mechanical engineering from the University of Maryland and a B.S. degree in mechanical engineering from West Virginia University. From 1984 to 1997 he was employed at the Naval Surface Warfare Center Carderock Division Annapolis Detachment (formerly David Taylor Research Center)where he worked on the development of advanced cent

The domestic production of the most powerful ozone-depleting substances (ODSs) has permanently ceased and the abundant supplies of a number of refrigerants, fire-fighting agents, and solvents, once taken for granted, are now a thing of the past. The Navy has adopted a successful strategy for addressing the threat posed by the unavailability of ODSs. That strategy includes relying on a strategic reserve of ODSs. Considering that the strategic reserve will play a critical role in sustained Fleet operations into the middle of the century, it is important to record the history of the reserve and to document lessons learned in order to educate future generations that may face similar challenges. This is the third of three papers that cover all aspects of the Navy's strategic reserve of ODSs. Breslin (1999) documented the history of the Navy's effort to size, establish, and monitor a reserve designed to support Fleet operations until the middle of the century. Breslin, Smith, and Toms (2000) addressed in detail the process used to estimate the required size of the reserve, including the survey method, statistical analyses, and sizing algorithms. This paper discusses the Navy's plan for monitoring the Navy's strategic reserves of ODSs and describes the methods used in the monitoring process. In particular it discusses the underlying assumptions and statistical techniques associated with the Navy's prediction of the expected drawdown of the reserves. A comparison of actual data, collected since the strategic reserves began operations in 1995, with the predicted reserve drawdown, is included in the paper.

关键词： Marine engineering

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A statistical method for estimating the life expectancy of certain shipboard equipment

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 2002年第1期114卷 27-32页

作者： Smith, DE Breslin, DA Toms, GS DENNIS E. SMITH PH.D. is a statistical consultant for Geo-Centers Inc. He received a B.A. in mathe-matics (magna cum laude) from Wabash College and an M.S. in mathematics an M.S. in statistics and a Ph.D. in statistics from the University of Wisconsin. From November 1973 until February 1999 he was President and Principal Statistician at Desmatics Inc. where he participated in a number of studies involving the application of statistical methods to various technical problems in the Navy's environmental-protection and auxiliary-machinery programs. Dr. Smith was instrumental in developing the statistical procedures underlying the Navy's ODS reserve monitoring plan. DAVID A. BRESLIN P.E. is the Director of Technical Operations for the Naval Surface Warfare Center and is the chairperson of ASNE's Committee on Environmental Engineering. He received a master of science degree in aerospace engineering from Virginia Tech a master of engineering administration in indus-trial & systems engineering from Virginia Tech and a bachelor of engineering in mechanical engineering from Stevens Institute of Technology. From 1993 to 1997 he was the program manager of the Naval Sea Systems Command's CFC & Halon Elimination Program and played a critical role in establishing the Navy's strategic reserve of ozone-depleting substances. Because of his many efforts he received a Stratospheric Ozone Protection Award in 1995 from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in recogni-tion of “exceptional contributions to global environmental protection”. GREGORY S. TOMS P.E. is the CFC & Halon Elimination Program Manager for the Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA). He received a master of science degree in mechanical engineering from the University of Maryland and a B.S. degree in mechanical engineering from West Virginia University. From 1984 to 1997 he was employed at the Naval Surface Warfare Center Carderock Division Annapolis Detachment (formerly David Taylor Research Center) where he worked on the development of advanced cent

This paper reviews an inexpensive statistical-sampling methodology that can be used to determine the attrition rates of certain types of shipboard equipment. The methodology relies on surveys that are conducted in conjunction with regularly scheduled ship visits over a period of time and a statistical analysis of the survey results. The statistical technique allows for reasonably accurate estimates to be made of attrition rates. The specific example cited in this paper is related to galley-type refrigeration equipment, such as salad chillers, beverage dispensers, et cetera. In the case of galley-type refrigeration equipment, the Navy needs to know whether the Fleet's inventory of equipment relying on Class I Ozone-Depleting Substances (ODSs) will be replaced through natural attrition by the end of fiscal year (FY) 2005, at which time supplies of ODS-based refrigerants will no longer be available for use by ship galleys. This paper outlines the process used to gather data, the analysis of the data, and concludes that the Navy's inventory of galley equipment using Class I ODSs will be replaced through natural attrition by the end of FY05. The methodology reviewed by this paper has wider applications. For various types of shipboard equipment, the methodology can also be used to estimate with reasonable accuracy life expectancies, configurations, conditions, and other items of interest.

关键词： Ship equipment

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Exposure databases and exposure surveillance: Promise and practice

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AIHA Journal 2002年第2期63卷 205-212页

作者： LaMontagne, Anthony D Herrick, Robert F Van Dyke, Michael V Martyny, John W Ruttenber, A James [a] Center for Community-Based Research Dana-Farber Cancer Institute 44 Binney St. Boston MA 02115 E-mail: anthony.lamontagne@med.monash.edu.au [b] Environmental Science & Engineering Program Department of Environmental Health Harvard School of Public Health 665 Huntington Ave. Boston MA 02115 [c] Tri-County Health Department 4301 East 72nd Ave. Commerce City CO 80222 [d] Department of Preventive Medicine & Biometrics University of Colorado Health Sciences Center Campus Box C-245 4200 East Ninth Ave. Denver CO 80262 [e] Current address: Department of Epidemiology & Preventive Medicine Monash Medical School at Alfred Hospital Commercial Road Prahan VIC 3181 Australia

Based on recent developments in occupational health and a review of industry practices, it is argued that integrated exposure database and surveillance systems hold considerable promise for improving workplace health and safety. A foundation from which to build practical and effective exposure surveillance systems is proposed based on the integration of recent developments in electronic exposure databases, the codification of exposure assessment practice, and the theory and practice of public health surveillance. Exposure surveillance practices in general industry are reviewed based on the published literature as well as an Internet survey of three prominent industrial hygiene e-mail lists. Although the benefits of exposure surveillance are many, relatively few organizations use electronic exposure databases, and even fewer have active exposure surveillance systems. Implementation of exposure databases and surveillance systems can likely be improved by the development of systems that are more responsive to workplace or organizational-level needs. Strategies for improving the implementation of exposure database and surveillance systems are outlined.

关键词： exposure database exposure surveillance hazard surveillance industrial hygiene database intervention effectiveness research public health surveillance

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The El Niño-Southern oscillation and long-range forecasting of flows in the ganges

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International Journal of Climatology 2001年第1期21卷 77-87页

作者： Whitaker, Douglas W. Wasimi, Saleh A. Islam, Shafiqul Cincinnati Earth Systems Science Program Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH United States Faculty of Informatics and Communication Central Queensland University Rockhampton Australia

Several recent studies have shown that the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) index has a significant influence on various climatic and hydrologic signals across the globe. This study attempts to identify the nature and strength of possible teleconnections between the Ganges River flow and ENSO, and to develop a model which can capture, at least in part, the natural variability of flow, and provide a large forecasting lead-time. The motivation came from the fact that, in the past, hydrologic forecasts of the basin through rainfall-runoff modelling could provide a lead-time on the order of the basin response time, which is several days or so. Such a short forecasting lead-time is not adequate to hedge against extreme events (flood or drought) in large river basins. This is, perhaps, the first attempt to relate flows in the Ganges with ENSO. Our analysis suggests that a significant relationship exists between the natural variability of the Ganges annual flow and ENSO index. Through further investigation, we show that the rate of change of ENSO index is also statistically related to the Ganges flow. A statistical model that combines all these indicators to forecast annual flow in the Ganges is proposed. This model uses current flow data, predicted ENSO data and its gradient to forecast flow in the Ganges with a forecasting lead-time of 1 year. The model also provides a quantitative measure of forecasting uncertainty. A key advantage of this model is that it does not require rainfall and stream flow information from upstream areas and countries. We have used 45 years of data for model development and calibration, and 15 years of data for validation. It is encouraging to note that all four of the validation forecasts during the El Niño and La Niña events are within the 95% confidence intervals. These results demonstrate the strength of the proposed approach Fand suggest further exploration of this long-range forecasting methodology for other major rivers in the world. C

关键词： ENSO Ganges Southern Asia Statistical modelling Stream flow forecasting

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Urban cover mapping using digital, high-spatial resolution aerial imagery

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Urban Ecosystems 2001年第4期5卷 243-256页

作者： Myeong, Soojeong Nowak, David J. Hopkins, Paul F. Brock, Robert H. Program in Environmental and Resource Engineering SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry Syracuse USA USDA Forest Service Northeastern Research Station SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry Syracuse USA

High-spatial resolution digital color-infrared aerial imagery of Syracuse, NY was analyzed to test methods for developing land cover classifications for an urban area. Five cover types were mapped: tree/shrub, grass/herbaceous, bare soil, water and impervious surface. Challenges in high-spatial resolution imagery such as shadow effect and similarity in spectral response between classes were found. Classification confusion among objects with similar spectral responses occurred between water and dark impervious surfaces, concrete and bare-soil, and grass/herbaceous and trees/shrub. Methods of incorporating texture, band ratios, masking of water objects, sieve functions, and majority filters were evaluated for their potential to improve the classification accuracy. After combining these various techniques, overall cover accuracy for the study area was 81.75%. Highest accuracies occurred for water (100%), tree/shrub (86.2%) and impervious surfaces (82.6%); lowest accuracy were for grass/herbaceous (69.3%) and bare soil (40.0%). Methods of improving cover map accuracy are discussed.

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