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Decision analysis frameworks for life-cycle impact assessment

Journal of Industrial Ecology 2001年第4期5卷 45-68页

作者： Seppälä, Jyri Basson, Lauren Norris, Gregory A. Environ-mental Technology Program Finnish Environment Institute Helsinki Finland Centre for Risk Environment Systems Technology and Analysis (CRESTA) Department of Chemical Engineering University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia Sylvatica North Berwick ME United States Environmental Science and Engineering Program Harvard University School of Public Health Boston MA United States Complex Systems Research Center University of New Hampshire Durham NH United States Finnish Environment Institute SF-00251 Helsinki Kesäkatu 6 Finland

Life-cycle impact assessments (LCIAs) are complex because they almost always involve uncertain consequences relative to multiple criteria. Several authors have noticed that this is precisely the sort of problem addressed by methods of decision analysis. Despite several experiences of using multiple-attribute decision analysis (MADA) methods in LCIA, the possibilities of MADA methods in LCIA are rather poorly elaborated in the field of life-cycle assessment. In this article we provide an overview of the commonly used MADA methods and discuss LCIA in relation to them. The article also presents how different frames and tools developed by the MADA community can be applied in conducting LCIAs. Although the exact framing of LCIA using decision analysis still merits debate, we show that the similarities between generic decision analysis steps and their LCIA counterparts are clear. Structuring of an assessment problem according to a value tree offers a basis for the definition of impact categories and classification. Value trees can thus be used to ensure that all relevant impact categories and interventions are taken into account in the appropriate manner. The similarities between multiattribute value theory (MAVT) and the current calculation rule applied in LCIA mean that techniques, knowledge, and experiences derived from MAVT can be applied to LCIA. For example, MAVT offers a general solution for the calculation of overall impact values and it can be applied to help discern sound from unsound approaches to value measurement, normalization, weighting, and aggregation in the LCIA model. In addition, the MAVT framework can assist in the methodological development of LCIA because of its well-established theoretical foundation. The relationship between MAVT and the current LCIA methodology does not preclude application of other MADA methods in the context of LCIA. A need exists to analyze the weaknesses and the strengths of different multiple-criteria decision analysis metho

关键词： Decision analysis Life-cycle impact assessment (LCIA) Methods Multiple attribute Multiple-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) Normalization

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Abstracts of presentations at the 18th Conference of the Entomological Society of Israel - May 18, 2000 - ARO, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel

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PHYTOPARASITICA 2001年第1期29卷 51-89页

作者： [Anonymous] Dept. of Cell and Animal Biology The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem Israel Dept. of Entomology Israel Dept. of Chemistry The Volcani Center ARO Bet Dagan Integrated Pest Management Fruit Crops Experiment Station Agriculture Company in Upper Galilee Kibbutz Yiron Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development Extension Service Qiryat Dept. of Stored Products Pheromone Research Lab. ARO The Volcani Center Bet Dagan Israel Div. of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences Graduate School Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan Mitrani Dept. for Desert Ecology Blaustein Institute for Desert Research Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Sede Boqer Campus Israel Dept. of Chemistry University of Hamburg Germany Dept. of Entomology ARO The Volcani Center Bet Dagan Dept. of Zoology Faculty of Life Science Tel-Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel Plant Protection and Inspection Services Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development Bet Dagan Israel Carmel Mizrahi Rishon LeZiyyon Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development Extension Service Rehovot Israel Agricultural Department Agan Chemical Manufacturers Ashdod Israel Dept. of Entomology ARO Gilat Research Station M.P. Negev Israel Entomology Laboratory Ministry of Health Jerusalem Israel Kimron Veterinary Institute Bet Dagan Israel USDA/ARS Gainesville USA Dept. of Stored Products ARO The Volcani Center Bet Dagan Israel Dept. of Plant Protection Southwest Agricultural University Chonqing China Makliteshim Chemical Works Ltd. Be’er Sheva Israel Dept. of Entomology ARO The Volcani Center Bet Dagan Israel Jerusalem Bet Dagan Israel Plant Protection Division Extension Service Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development 1 ha ’Hamaqim District Bet Dagan Dept. of Plant Science Faculty of Life Science Tel-Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel Dept. of Plant Sciences Tel-Aviv University Tel Aviv Vitality Biotechnologies (Israel) Ltd. Carmel Industrial Park Tirat HaCarmel Israel Max-Planck-Institut Cologne

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Study on new treatment process of dyeing wastewater using Iron Filings Filter and Sequencing Batch Reactor

Study on new treatment process of dyeing wastewater using Ir...

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2000 Annual Conference - Canadian Society for Civil engineering

作者： Hao, R.X. Cheng, S.Y. Huang, Q.X. Luo, X.N. Luo, R.M. Liu, L. Faculty of Environmental Engineering Hebei University of Science and Technology Shijiazhuang 050018 China Environmental Engineering Program Faculty of Engineering University of Regina Regina Sask. S4S 0A2 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)0921303912

In order to solve serious contamination from hard biodegradable dyeing wastewater, a new treatment process was proposed, which consists of two main parts: Iron Fillings Filter (IFF) and Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR). After the wastewater pretreated with IFF it became easier to be biodegraded in SBR due to fact that its BOD5/COD value rose over 0.35, which increased the rate of biochemical reaction and removal efficiency of COD. When the wastewater with COD of 1000 - 1500mg/L, BOD5 of 200 - 400mg/L and color of 200 - 800 times, through the treatment technology, the removal efficiencies of COD reached 85%, and these of BOD5 and color were over 90%. The study has opened a new attempt for the treatment of hard biodegradable dyeing wastewater.

关键词： Wastewater treatment

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The Berkeley project management process maturity model: Measuring the value of project management

The Berkeley project management process maturity model: Meas...

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IEEE engineering Management Society, EMS 2000

作者： Kwak, Young Hoon Ibbs, C. William Management Program Department of Management Science School of Business and Public Management George Washington University WashingtonDC2005 United States Construction Management and Management of Technology Program Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of California BerkeleyCA94720 United States

ISBN: (纸本)0780364422

The purpose of the Berkeley project management process maturity model and an associated assessment methodology is to help organizations and people accomplish higher and more sophisticated PM maturity by a systematic and incremental approach. It measures, locates, and compares an organization's current PM maturity level. The primary advantage of using this model and industries, whereas other maturity models have specific audiences like software development or new product development. The maturity model and assessment technique has already been used to benchmark PM practices and processes in 43 companies. With it, they have also identified relationships between levels of organizational effectiveness and actual project performance data. The model is continuously being refined to reflect advances in their PM knowledge. Some of the most recent improvements include evaluating replicability of project success, which is the focus of this paper and presentation. © 2000 IEEE.

关键词： Project management

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Undergraduate and graduate design projects [in bioengineering]

Undergraduate and graduate design projects [in bioengineerin...

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： G.B. Devey Biomedical Engineering and Research to Aid Persons with Disabilities Program Bioengineering and Environmental Systems Division Directorate for Engineering National Science Foundation Arlington VA USA

ISBN: (纸本)0780364651

NST support is provided principally in the form of grants awarded on a competitive basis under a rigorous peer review process; NSF does not conduct research itself. In 1992, NSF defined a project eligible for support as bioengineering research as one "...with diagnosis or treatment-related goals, that applies engineering principles to problems in biology and medicine while advancing engineering knowledge is eligible for support. Bioengineering research to aid persons with disabilities is also eligible". Bioengineering at NSF has two defined programs: 1. "Biochemical engineering", and 2. a two-component activity "Biomedical engineering" (BME) and "Research to Aid Persons with Disabilities" (RAPD). The material that follows describes the Undergraduate and Graduate Design Projects, which is part of the RAPD component of the bioengineering program.

关键词： Biomedical engineering engineering in medicine and biology Design engineering Knowledge engineering Proposals engineering students Medical diagnostic imaging Guidelines US Government Systems engineering education

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Response from Mitsch et al.:

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Bioscience 2000年第3期50卷 189-190页

作者： Mitsch, William J. Ben Wu, X. Nairn, Robert W. Wang, Naiming School of Natural Resources and Graduate Program in Environmental Science The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 Department of Rangeland Ecology and Management Texas A&amp M University College Station TX 77843 School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Science The University of Oklahoma Norman OK 73019 National Exposure Research Laboratory US Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati OH 45268

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Load Distribution and Body Angle Measurement in Static Walking of a Quadruped Walking Robot

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 2000年第29期33卷 95-99页

作者： Hiroshi Nakashima Masaru Tokuda Hiroaki Yamamoto Masafumi Funakoashi Associate Professor Division of Environmental Science and Technology Graduate School of Agriculture Kyoto University 606-8502 JAPAN. Instructor Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering Faculty of Agriculture Kobe University 657-8501 JAPAN Professor ditto. Master Program Student Graduate School of Science and Technology Kobe University 657-8501 JAPAN

A prototype quadruped walking robot has been developed to examine the possibility of application in agricultural works. The purpose of current study is to obtain some information on load distribution and inclination angle of vehicle body in three typical motion of forward, lateral and turning walk. The result showed that the current configuration of robot body required the severe translation of CG point which results in increasing of pitching angle of vehicle body.

关键词： robotics quadruped robot static walking load distribution pitching and rolling angle

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Bioavailability of heavy metals in sewage sludge-amended Thai soils

Bioavailability of heavy metals in sewage sludge-amended Tha...

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The 1998 International Conference

作者： Parkpain, P. Sreesai, S. Delaune, R.D. Environmental Engineering Program Sch. of Environ. Rsrc. and Devmt. Asian Institute of Technology P.O. Box 4 Klongluang Pathumthani 12120 Thailand Environ. Health Science Department Faculty of Public Health Mahidol University Rajavithi Rd. Bangkok 10400 Thailand Wetland Biogeochemistry Institute Louisiana State University Baton Rouge LA 70803 United States

Plough and subsoil layers of two major agricultural soil series, Rangsit and Thonburi, found in Bangkok area of Thailand were studied for determining the bioavailability and solubility behavior of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Zn, Mn, and Fe) following application of sewage sludge from a wastewater treatment plant and a series of laboratory experiments. The soils contained low indigenous heavy metals while the sludge contained higher amounts of heavy metals but in an acceptable range for application as plant nutrient source in agricultural soil. Applications of sewage sludge increased pH of the acid soil and available plant nutrients to the soils. The heavy metal concentration levels in the soils also increased. Most partitioned into easily mobile pools and later into sparingly mobile pools following 12 weeks of incubation time. Bioavailability forms of Cd in soil solution were low but that of Cu, Zn, and Mn remained elevated even at 12 weeks of the reaction time. Applied inorganic Zn depressed Cd sorption capacity of two soils studied but it had no effect on Cd desorption.

关键词： Heavy metals

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PROFILE: Wetland Mitigation Banking: A Framework for Crediting and Debiting

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environmental management 2000年第3期26卷 233-250页

作者： Stein, Eric D. Tabatabai, Fari Ambrose, Richard F. Regulatory Branch U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Los Angeles District P.O. Box 532711 Los Angeles California 90053-2325 USA US Environmental Science and Engineering Program University of California Los Angeles 10833 Le Conte Avenue Los Angeles California 90095-1772 USA US

/ Wetland mitigation banking as a resource management tool has gained popular support for its potential to provide an ecologically effective and economically efficient means to fulfill compensatory mitigation requirements for impacts to aquatic resources. Although this management tool has been actively applied within the past 10 years (C. Short, 1988, Mitigation banking, in Biological Report 88(41):1-103), assessment of credits and determination of a compensation ratio that reflects existing and/or potential functional condition in a mitigation bank has been a formidable task. This study presents a framework for a systematic approach for determination of credits and debits and subsequently the compensation ratio. A model for riparian systems is developed based on this framework that evaluates credits and debits for spatial and structural diversity, contiguity of habitats, invasive vegetation, hydrology, topographic complexity, characteristics of flood-prone areas, and biogeochemical processes. The goal of developing this crediting and debiting framework is to provide an alternative to the current methods of determining credits and debits in a mitigation bank and assigning mitigation ratios, such as best professional judgement or use of preset ratios. The purpose of this crediting and debiting framework is to develop a method that (1) can be tailored to evaluate ecological condition based on the target resources of a specific mitigation bank, (2) is flexible enough to be used for evaluation of existing or potential ecologic condition at a mitigation bank, (3) is a structured and systematic way to apply data and professional judgment to the decision-making process, (4) has an ecologically defensible basis, (5) has ease of use such that the level of expertise and time required to employ the method is not a deterrent to its application, and (6) provides a semiquantitative measure of the condition of aquatic resources that can be translated to a mitigation ratio.

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Navy's CFC & Halon elimination program

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 2000年第1期112卷 91-112页

作者： Toms, GS Breslin, DA Brunner, GP Thill, JC Gregory S. Toms RE:is the CFC & Halon Elimination Program Manager for the Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA). He received a master of science degree in mechanical engineering from the University of Maryland and a B.S. degree in mechanical engineering from West Virginia University. From 1984 to 1997 he was employed at the Naval Surface Warfare Center Carderock Division Annapolis Detachment (formerly David Taylor Research Center) where he worked on the development of advanced centrifugal compressor air conditioning plants for shipboard applications. He received the Stratospheric Ozone Protection Award in 1998 from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in recognition of his exceptional leadership and technical achievements in eliminating ozone-depleting substances from Navy ships. He is licensed as a registered Professional Engineer in the state of Texas. David A. Breslin P.E.:is the Director of Technical Operations for the Naval Surface Warfare Center and is the Chairperson of the ASNE Committee on Environmental Engineering. He received a master of science in aerospace engineering from Virginia Tech in 1991 a master of engineering administration in industrial & systems engineering from Virginia Tech in 1991 and a bachelor of engineering in mechanical engineering from Stevens Institute of Technology in 1985. From 1993 to 1997 he was the program manager of the Naval Sea Systems Command's CFC & Halon Elimination Program. Because of his many efforts he received a Stratospheric Ozone Protection Award in 1995 from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in recognition of “exceptional contributions to global environmental protection”. Gregory P. Brunner:was employed by the Carderock Division of the Naval Surface Warfare Center and Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA) from 1983 until 1997. From 1993 to 1997 he served as the R&D program manager for the NAVSEA CFC & Halon Elimination Program Office. Program efforts resulted in the development of new refrigerants for backfit into existing shipboard air-conditioning

The domestic production of the most powerful Ozone-Depleting Substances (ODSs) has permanently ceased and the abundant supplies of a number of inexpensive refrigerants, fire-fighting agents, and solvents, once taken for granted, are now a thing of the past. The Navy's original strategy of conserving ODSs, converting systems and processes where feasible, relying on strategic reserves where necessary, and developing "ozone-friendly" equip ment for new-design surface ships and submarines is succeeding. The purpose of this paper is to document the Navy's efforts to date relative to combating the threat to uninterrupted Fleet operations posed by the cessation of ODS production. Specifically, this paper addresses the Navy's shipboard conversion programs for air-conditioning and refrigeration (AC&R) systems, the development of next-generation AC&R systems, the selection of halon substitutes for new-construction fire-fighting systems, and the Navy's alternative to CFC-113 in the cleaning of critical oxygen systems.

关键词： Naval architecture

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