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Urban Ecosystems 1998年第2期2卷 63-63页

作者： Adams, Lowell W. Vandruff, Larry W. Natural Resources Management Program Department of Biological Resources Engineering University of Maryland USA College of Environmental Science and Forestry State University of New York Syracuse USA

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Development and preliminary evaluation of a cone penetrometer-based method forin situdetermination of volatile organic compounds in groundwater

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Field Analytical Chemistry & Technology 1998年第4期1卷

作者： Joseph H. Aldstadt Charles H. Batson Alice F. Martin Mitchell D. Erickson Molly S. Costanza Michael B.J. Foster Tammi R. James Paul V. Doskey Environmental Research Division Argonne National Laboratory 9700 South Cass Avenue ER/203 Argonne Illinois 60439 Technology Development Division Argonne National Laboratory 9700 South Cass Avenue TD/207 Argonne Illinois 60439 Participant in Argonne's 1994–1995 Science and Engineering Research Semester Program from the University of Wisconsin (MSC) (Madison Wisconsin) and Otterbein College (TRJ) (Columbus Ohio).

We report the development of an in situ method for quantitatively determining complex mixtures of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at low levels in groundwater formations. The method is based on the use of a novel in situ groundwater collection and sample purging device that is integrated into a cone penetrometer testing (CPT) push rod. This device, the QVAC (quantitative volatiles analysis for cone penetrometry), is used for quantitatively measuring complex mixtures of VOCs in groundwater at regulatory levels. A breadboard prototype QVAC probe made of stainless steel was tested in the laboratory to identify the optimal design parameters for a CPT-scale version. A full-scale prototype QVAC probe was integrated within a CPT push rod, with the use of miniature valves and a conductivity-based level sensor to accurately sample and purge a 5.0-ml groundwater sample. Following transfer of the VOCs through thermostated stainless-steel tubing to the sorbent trap at the surface, on-line thermal desorption/gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection is performed. We report the design of the probe, optimization of the operational protocol, and the results of laboratory and initial field testing in which the precision, carryover, and calibration sensitivity were examined. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

关键词： volatile organic compounds cone penetrometer in situ analysis

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Abstracts of presentations on plant protection issues at The Xth International Congress of Virology - August 11-16, 1996 - Binyanei haOoma, Jerusalem, Israel - Part 3 (final part)

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PHYTOPARASITICA 1998年第1期26卷 67-90页

作者： [Anonymous] Dept. of Virus Research John Innes Centre Colney UK Dept. of Field and Vegetable Crops The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Faculty of Agricultural Food and Environmental Quality Sciences Rehovot Israel Station de Recherches Grandes Cultures INRA Colmar France Inst. de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du CNRS Strasbourg France DLO Research Institute for Plant Protection Wageningen The Netherlands Dept. of Biological Science University of Lagos Lagos Nigeria Dept. of Virology Agricultural University Wageningen The Netherlands Dept. de Biología de Plantas Centra de Investigaciones Biológicas CSIC Madrid Spain Dept. of Plant Protection National Agriculture Research Center Tsukuba lbaraki Tohoku National Agricultural Experiment Station Morioka Iwate Kyushu National Agricultural Experiment Station Kumamoto Japan Dept. of Virology ARO The Volcani Center BetDagan Israel Institut Jacques Monod CNRS Université Paris VII Paris France Dept. of Virology ARO The Volcani Center Bet Dagan Israel Scripps Institute San Diego USA Dept. of Plant Pathology University of Kentucky Lexington USA Inst. of Molecular Plant Sciences Gorlaeus Laboratories Leiden University RA Leiden The Netherlands Inst. de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas Valencia Spain Scottish Crop Research Inst. Invergowrie Dundee UK Depts. of Plant Pathology Univ. of Georgia Coastal Plain Exp. Station Tifton Depts. Entomology Univ. of Georgia Coastal Plain Exp. Station Ttfton Dept. of Plant Pathology Oklahoma State University Stillwater USA Depts. of Coop. Ext. Service Univ. of Georgia Coastal Plain Exp. Station Ttfton Plant Science Dept. Univ. of British Columbia Vancouver Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Pacific Agric. Res. Centre Vancouver Canada Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkultur (DSMZ) Abt. Pflanzenviren and Biologische Bundesanstalt für Land- und Forstwirtschaft Inst. für Biochemie und Pflanzenvirologie Braunschweig Germany Inst. of Molecular Biology and Biotec

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Correction

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Phytoparasitica 1998年第2期26卷 182-182页

作者： Liu, Sijun Bedford, Ian D. Markham, Peter G. Ghanim, Morad Zeidan, Muhamad Czosnek, Henryk Bruyère, A. Herrbach, E. Brault, V. Ziegler-Graff, V. Guilley, H. van den Heuvel, J. F. J. M. Taiwo, M. A. Dijkstra, J. Martinez, B. López-Moya, J. J. Llave, C. Díaz-Ruíz, J. R. López-Abella, D. Mikoshiba, Y. Honda, K. Kanematsu, S. Fujisawa, I. Salomon, Raffi Bernardi, Francoise Raccah, B. Singer, S. Gal-On, A. Huet, H. Pirone, T. P. Visser, Peter B. Bol, John F. Hernández, Carmen Brown, Derek J. F. Pappu, H. R. Culbreath, A. K. Todd, J. W. McPherson, R. M. Sherwood, J. L. Bertrand, P. F. Robbins, M. A. Reade, R. D. Rochon, D. M. Schönfelder, M. Körbler, M. Barg, E. Lesemann, D. -E. Vetten, H. J. Manqussopoulos, I. N. Tsagris, M. Maiss, E. Marczewski, W. Syller, J. Romero, Javier Molina-Garcia, Antonio Babin, Mar Bujarski, Jozef J. Pogany, Judy Zhang, L. Palukaitis, P. Kaplan, I. B. Qu, Feng Morris, T. Jack Steinkellner, H. Puehringer, H. Machado, A. M. Laimer da Câmara Hammond, J. Brandt, S. Katinger, H. Himmler, G. Carrier, K. Hans, F. Wang, A. Sanfacon, H. Palkovics, László Balázs, Ervin Petrzik, K. Mráz, I. Fránová-Honetšlegrová, J. Kusiak, C. Berthome, R. Dinant, S. Astier, S. Albouy, J. Renou, J. P. Bó, E. Dal Torre, M. E. Sánchez de la Djelouah, K. García, M. L. Grau, O. Benvenisti, Luna Gelman, Boris Hai, Dalia Yadin, Hagai Stram, Yehuda Becker, Yechiel Čeřovská, N. Filigarová, M. Dědič, P. Nemchinov, L. Hadidi, A. Choi, Y. G. Randles, J. W. Samson, A. C. R. Wilford, J. N. Chapman, S. Santa Cruz, S. Wilson, T. M. A. Wilkinson, Nicola Wilson, Louise Marlow, Susan King, Linda Possee, Robert Zhu, Fanxiu Qi, Yipeng Huang, Yongxiu Hu, Jianhong Oker-Blom, Christian Keinänen, Kari Chauhan, B. K. Possee, R. D. French, T. J. Finkelstein, Y. Levi, B. Z. Faktor, O. Toister-Achituv, Mira Wang, Fushan Lu, Liquan Du, Quansheng Watson, S. K. Kalmakoff, J. Broer, R. Liu, Y. Zuidema, D. Strien, E. A. van Vlak, J. M. Heldens, J. G. M. Chejanovsky, N. Gershburg, E. Faruchi, S. Kamensky, B. Nahum, O. Stockholm, D. Rivkin, H. Gurevitz, Dept. of Virus Research John Innes Centre Colney UK Dept. of Field and Vegetable Crops The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Faculty of Agricultural Food and Environmental Quality Sciences Rehovot Israel Station de Recherches Grandes Cultures INRA Colmar France Inst. de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du CNRS Strasbourg France DLO Research Institute for Plant Protection Wageningen The Netherlands Dept. of Biological Science University of Lagos Lagos Nigeria Dept. of Virology Agricultural University Wageningen The Netherlands Dept. de Biología de Plantas Centra de Investigaciones Biológicas CSIC Madrid Spain Dept. of Plant Protection National Agriculture Research Center Tsukuba lbaraki Tohoku National Agricultural Experiment Station Morioka Iwate Kyushu National Agricultural Experiment Station Kumamoto Japan Dept. of Virology ARO The Volcani Center BetDagan Israel Institut Jacques Monod CNRS Université Paris VII Paris France Dept. of Virology ARO The Volcani Center Bet Dagan Israel Scripps Institute San Diego USA Dept. of Plant Pathology University of Kentucky Lexington USA Inst. of Molecular Plant Sciences Gorlaeus Laboratories Leiden University RA Leiden The Netherlands Inst. de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas Valencia Spain Scottish Crop Research Inst. Invergowrie Dundee UK Depts. of Plant Pathology Univ. of Georgia Coastal Plain Exp. Station Tifton Depts. Entomology Univ. of Georgia Coastal Plain Exp. Station Ttfton Dept. of Plant Pathology Oklahoma State University Stillwater USA Depts. of Coop. Ext. Service Univ. of Georgia Coastal Plain Exp. Station Ttfton Plant Science Dept. Univ. of British Columbia Vancouver Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Pacific Agric. Res. Centre Vancouver Canada Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkultur (DSMZ) Abt. Pflanzenviren and Biologische Bundesanstalt für Land- und Forstwirtschaft Inst. für Biochemie und Pflanzenvirologie Braunschweig Germany Inst. of Molecular Biology and Biotec

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Quantitative description of mixture toxicity: Effect of level of response on interactions

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environmental TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 1996年第8期15卷 1429-1437页

作者： Haas, CN Cidambi, K Kersten, S Wright, K Environmental Science and Engineering Program Drexel University Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104 USA

The simultaneous exposure of a biological system to a mixture of toxic substances may result in an ideal or nonideal combination of effects. In an extension of linear isobole theory, models are quantitatively developed to describe these combinations, in which the nature of the nonideal effect combination may or may not be a function of the magnitude of predicted response (as opposed to only the proportions of the substances in a mixture). The approach is tested using data on rat carcinogenesis, drug action, and aquatic toxicity of pesticides. In the cases examined, the models predict substantial deviation from ideal behavior even under low doses.

关键词： mixture toxicity concentration additivity isoboles synergism carcinogenicity

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Productivity, electricity, science: Powering a green future

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Electricity Journal 1996年第3期9卷 54-60页

作者： Ausubel, Jesse H. Program for the Human Environment Rockefeller University National Academy of Engineering Executive Committee Science Advisory Board Environmental Protection Agency

science and technology offer the opportunity for environmental and social improvement, while providing the higher levels of services and goods that people seek. Notwithstanding efficiency gains, markets for electricity will grow because of the multiplication of population and devices and the deeper penetration of the transport sector.

关键词： environmental technology

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Characteristics and treatment of leachates from domestic landfills

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ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 1996年第4期22卷 433-442页

作者： Lo, IMC Environmental and Hydraulics Program Department of Civil & Structural Engineering Hong Kong University of Science & Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China

The main objectives of this study were to develop a useful database for the leachate quality of Hong Kong landfills, and to compare different experimental trials for the treatment of methanogenic-stage sanitary landfill leachate, which is generally characterized by a low chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 3000 mg L(-1) or less. Extensive chemical analysis data of leachate composition generated from 10 landfills in Hong Kong were collected to identify variations in leachate quality. Variations in COD and ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N) with time revealed that the rate at which Hong Kong landfills become 'methanogenic' is relatively fast. The transition from phase II (where leachates are characterized by high 5-day biochemical oxygen demand values) to phase III (where high organic strength leachates are converted into methane and carbon dioxide) for the landfills in Hong Kong took less than one year. Several leachate indicator parameters were utilized to assess the stabilization of the landfill. Controlled experimental studies using an aerobic biological treatment process (i.e., sequencing batch reactor) were used to examine its treatment efficiency. Retention times of 20 days and 40 days resulted in a removal efficiency of NH3-N in excess of 99%.

关键词： Database development Hong Kong Landfill Leachate quality

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Influence of human engineering on manning levels and human performance on ships

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1997年第5期109卷 67-76页

作者： Anderson, DE Oberman, FR Malone, TB Baker, CC David E. Anderson:has a bachelor of science degree in environmental engineering from Florida Technological University and a master's degree in environmental engineering from the University of Central Florida. He is a graduate of the Naval Sea Systems Command's Engineer-In-Training (EIT) Program. Mr. Anderson was instrumental in introducing the collective protection system (CPS) in the U.S. Navy developing the initial forward-fit package for the USS Gunston Hall and the engineering change proposal (ECP) for the USS Wasp. In 1990 he joined the Human Systems Integration (HSI) Division (SEA 55W5) where he was task leader for auxiliary ships. He is currently the HSI manager for the future technology variant of the SeaLift ship and the future carrier. Association of Scientists and Engineers 33rdAnnual Technical Symposium 26 April 1996. Fred R. Oberman:has B.A. and M.A. degrees from the University of Chicago and Loyola University (experimental psychology) and an M.S. degree in industrial engineering and operations research from Virginia Polytechnic Institute (VPI). He has more than 30 years experience in HSI management planning research analysis design and testing in government and private sector positions. He is currently responsible for NavSea HSI generic research and tool development efforts. He is responsible for Human Engineering Specifications and Standards (Commercial Hypertext) and is the NavSea 03D7 representative on HSI in Performance Specifications and for integration of HSI within Integrated Logistic Support (ILS). He has served as DoD HSI SubTAG chair and member of the Simulation and Modeling Test and Evaluation Display and Control Systems Human Computer Interaction Specifications and Standards and Systems Design Sub Tags as a member of the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers (SNAME) Systems Safety Panel and a member of NATO RSG 14 on man-machine analysis. Thomas B. Malone: CHFEP received a Ph.D. in experimental psychology from Fordham University in 1964. He is president of Carlow

The objectives of Human engineering (HE) are generally viewed as increasing human performance, reducing human error, enhancing personnel and equipment safety, and reducing training and related personnel costs. There are other benefits that are thoroughly consistent with the direction of the Navy of the future, chief among these is reduction of required numbers of personnel to operate and maintain Navy ships. The Naval Research Advisory Committee (NRAC) report on Man-Machine Technology in the Navy estimated that one of the benefits from increased application of man-machine technology to Navy ship design is personnel reduction as well as improving system availability, effectiveness, and safety The objective of this paper is to discuss aspects of the human engineering design of ships and systems that affect manning requirements, and impact human-performance and safety The paper will also discuss how the application of human engineering leads to improved performance, and crew safety, and reduced workload, all of which influence manning levels. Finally, the paper presents a discussion of tools and case studies of good human engineering design practices which reduce manning.

关键词： Human engineering

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Petroleum hydrocarbon bioventing kinetics determined in soil core, microcosm and tubing cluster studies

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GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION 1996年第1期16卷 141-153页

作者： Moyer, EE Ostendorf, DW Richards, RJ Goodwin, S Ellen E. Moyer (ENSR Consulting and Engineering 35 Nagog Park Acton MA 01720) is a senior environmental engineer at ENSR Consulting and Engineering in Acton Massachusetts. Her research interests include bioremediation air sparging soil venting and analytical modeling of subsurface contamination. Dr. Moyer is a registered professional engineer with an M.S. in environmental engineering and a Ph.D. in civil engineering from the University of Massachusetts at Amherst and is a member of the National Ground Water Association (NGWA) and the American Society of Civil Engineers. David W. Ostendorf (Civil Engineering Department University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003) is an associate professor in the Environmental Engineering Program of the Civil Engineering Department of the University of Massachusetts at Amherst. His research interests include unconfined aquifer contamination hazardous waste site remediation and analytical modeling of problems in environmental fluid mechanics. Dr. Ostendorf is a registered professional engineer and a member of the American Geophysical Union American Society of Civil Engineers Soil Science Society of America Water Pollution Control Federation Association of Environmental Engineering Professors and NGWA. Robin J. Richards (Department of Microbiology University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003) is a doctoral student in microbiology at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst. Her research interests include synthesis and biodegradation of microbially produced polymers as well as bioremediation of petroleum contamination in soil and ground water. She has a B.S. in civil engineering from City College of New York and an M.S. in environmental engineering from the University of Massachusetts at Amherst. Steve Goodwin (Microbiology Department University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003) is an associate professor in the Department of Microbiology of the University of Massachusetts at Amherst. His research interests include microbial ecology anaerobic digestion and

Aerobic biodegradation of vapor-phase petroleum hydrocarbons was evaluated in an intact soil core from the site of an aviation gasoline release. An unsaturated zone soil core was subjected to a flow of nitrogen gas, oxygen, water vapor and vapor-phase hydrocarbons in a configuration analogous to a biofilter or an in situ bioventing or sparging situation. The vertical profiles of vapor-phase hydrocarbon concentration in the soil core were determined by gas chromatography of vapor samples. Biodegradation reduced low influent hydrocarbon concentrations by 45 to 92 percent over a 0.6-m interval of an intact soil core. The estimated total hydrocarbon concentration was reduced by 75 percent from 26 to 7 parts per million. Steady-state concentrations were input to a simple analytical model balancing advection and first-order biodegradation of hydrocarbons. First-order rate constants for the major hydrocarbon compounds were used to calibrate the model to the concentration profiles. Rate constants for the seven individual hydrocarbon compounds varied by a factor of 4. Compounds with lower molecular weights, fewer methyl groups, and no quaternary carbons tended to have higher rate constants. the fist-order rate constants were consistent with kinetic parameters determined from both microcosm and tubing cluster studies at the field site.

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Cryogenic drilling: A new drilling method for environmental remediation

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GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION 1996年第3期16卷 79-85页

作者： Simon, RD Cooper, GA Rafael Simon (595 Evans Hall UC Berkeley Berkeley CA 94720) received his Ph. D. in the Department of Materials Science and Mineral Engineering in 1996. He has studied various types of environmental drilling methods and has been working on cryogenic drilling since January 1992. George Cooper (595 Evans Hall UC Berkeley Berkeley CA 94720) graduated from Cambridge University in 1967 with a Ph. D. in materials science. He has spent most of his career in industrial research working both as a scientist and a manager often in the fields of rock drilling mining and tunneling and working for companies such as Atlas Copco and Schlumberger. In 1988 he became a full professor at University of California at Berkeley where he is the head of the Petroleum Engineering Program.

Cryogenic drilling isa technique developed at the University of California (UC), Berkeley, for drilling in unstable sediments of environmental monitoring, for characterizing, and for remediation wells. The method uses standard air rotary drilling techniques, but with cold nitrogen rather than ambient air as the circulating fluid in order to freeze and stabilize the borehole wall. Several laboratory and full-scale field tests have been performed. A 52-foot-deep (16 m) soil boring and 24-foot (7 m) monitoring well have been drilled as part of the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory Site Characterization Project. Continued testing and refinement of the equipment and operational method are in progress. The method has been proposed for use as part of the Department of Energy (DOE) weapons site cleanup at locations with unstable sediments such as Hanford, Sandia, and Idaho National engineering Laboratory (INEL).

关键词： Well drilling

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