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IMPROVING LINEAR RELATIONS TO OBTAIN KINETIC PARAMETERS

environmental science & TECHNOLOGY 1972年第13期6卷 1114-&页

作者： DITORO, DM Environmental Engineering & Science Program Manhattan College Bronx N.Y. 10471 United States

An iterative method is presented which corrects the truncation error inherent in the linearized approximations commonly used in obtaining reaction kinetic parameters. This correction extends the applicability of these...

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programMED TEMPERATURE GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY OF BORON HYDRIDES

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ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 1972年第13期44卷 2237-&页

作者： SOWINSKI, EJ SUFFET, IH Western Electric Company Allentown Pa. 18103 United States Department of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering and Science Program Drexel University Philadelphia Pa. 19104 United States

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The p-Value Approach to Quantitative Liquid-Liquid Extraction of Pesticides from Water. 1. Organophosphates: Choice of pH and Solvent

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Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 1972年第1期20卷 52-56页

作者： Suffet, Irwin H. Faust, Samuel D. Department of Chemistry Environmental Engineering and Science Program Drexel University Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104 United States Department of Environmental Sciences Rutgers The State University New Brunswick New Jersey 08903 United States

Beroza and Bowman have developed the idea of p-value for confirmation of insecticide identity and for cleanup of insecticides at the nanogram level. In this paper the concept of using the p-value for determination of the parameters of solvent choice for quantitative liquid-liquid extraction of organo- phosphate pesticides from water are reported. The p-value method is modified to suit the present application. The p-value can be used to determine the quantitative extraction of the parent, oxon, and hydrolysis products of Diazinon, Parathion, Malathion, and Baytex. © 1972, American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.

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Reconstructing the environmental Context of Human Origins in Eastern Africa Through Scientific Drilling

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Earth and Planetary sciences 1000年第1期50卷 451-476页

作者： Andrew S. Cohen Christopher J. Campisano J. Ramón Arrowsmith Asfawossen Asrat Catherine C. Beck Anna K. Behrensmeyer Alan L. Deino Craig S. Feibel Verena Foerster John D. Kingston Henry F. Lamb Tim K. Lowenstein Rachel L. Lupien Veronica Muiruri Daniel O. Olago R. Bernhart Owen Richard Potts James M. Russell Frank Schaebitz Jeffery R. Stone Martin H. Trauth Chad L. Yost 1Department of Geosciences University of Arizona Tucson Arizona USA email: cohen@email.arizona.edu 2Institute of Human Origins School of Human Evolution and Social Change Arizona State University Tempe Arizona USA 3School of Earth and Space Exploration Arizona State University Tempe Arizona USA 5School of Earth Science Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa Ethiopia 4Department of Mining and Geological Engineering Botswana International University of Science and Technology Palapye Botswana 6Geosciences Department Hamilton College Clinton New York USA 7National Museum of Natural History Smithsonian Institution Washington DC USA 8Berkeley Geochronology Center Berkeley California USA 9Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Rutgers University Piscataway New Jersey USA 10Institute of Geography Education University of Cologne Cologne Germany 11Department of Anthropology University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA 13Botany Department School of Natural Sciences Trinity College Dublin Ireland 12Department of Geography and Earth Science Aberystwyth University Aberystwyth United Kingdom 14Department of Geological Sciences and Environmental Studies Binghamton University Binghamton New York USA 15Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory Columbia University Pallisades New York USA 16National Museums of Kenya Nairobi Kenya 17Department of Geology University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya 18Department of Geography Hong Kong Baptist University Hong Kong 19Human Origins Program National Museum of Natural History Smithsonian Institution Washington DC USA 20Department of Earth Environmental and Planetary Sciences Brown University Providence Rhode Island USA 21Department of Earth and Environmental Systems Indiana State University Terre Haute Indiana USA 22Department of Geosciences University of Potsdam Potsdam Germany

Paleoanthropologists have long speculated about the role of environmental change in shaping human evolution in Africa. In recent years, drill cores of late Neogene lacustrine sedimentary rocks have yielded valuable high-resolution records of climatic and ecosystem change. Eastern African Rift sediments (primarily lake beds) provide an extraordinary range of data in close proximity to important fossil hominin and archaeological sites, allowing critical study of hypotheses that connect environmental history and hominin evolution. We review recent drill-core studies spanning the Plio–Pleistocene boundary (an interval of hominin diversification, including the earliest members of our genus Homo and the oldest stone tools), and the Mid–Upper Pleistocene (spanning the origin of Homo sapiens in Africa and our early technological and dispersal history). Proposed drilling of Africa's oldest lakes promises to extend such records back to the late Miocene. ▪ High-resolution paleoenvironmental records are critical for understanding external drivers of human evolution. ▪ African lake basin drill cores play a critical role in enhancing hominin paleoenvironmental records given their continuity and proximity to key paleoanthropological sites. ▪ The oldest African lakes have the potential to reveal a comprehensive paleoenvironmental context for the entire late Neogene history of hominin evolution.

关键词： continental scientific drilling human evolution East African Rift paleoclimate

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The Future of Low-Carbon Electricity

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Environment and Resources 1000年第1期42卷 289-316页

作者： Jeffery B. Greenblatt Nicholas R. Brown Rachel Slaybaugh Theresa Wilks Emma Stewart Sean T. McCoy 1Energy Analysis and Environmental Impacts Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California 94720 email: jbgreenblatt@lbl.gov 2Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania 16802 3Department of Nuclear Engineering University of California Berkeley California 94720 4Plasma Science and Fusion Center Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts 02139 5Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Livermore California 94550 6Global Security E Program Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Livermore California 94550

We review future global demand for electricity and major technologies positioned to supply it with minimal greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions: renewables (wind, solar, water, geothermal, and biomass), nuclear fission, and fossil power with CO2 capture and sequestration. We discuss two breakthrough technologies (space solar power and nuclear fusion) as exciting but uncertain additional options for low-net GHG emissions (i.e., low-carbon) electricity generation. In addition, we discuss grid integration technologies (monitoring and forecasting of transmission and distribution systems, demand-side load management, energy storage, and load balancing with low-carbon fuel substitutes). For each topic, recent historical trends and future prospects are reviewed, along with technical challenges, costs, and other issues as appropriate. Although no technology represents an ideal solution, their strengths can be enhanced by deployment in combination, along with grid integration that forms a critical set of enabling technologies to assure a reliable and robust future low-carbon electricity system.

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A Conversation with James J. Morgan

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Earth and Planetary sciences 1000年第1期43卷 1-27页

作者： James J. Morgan Dianne K. Newman 1Environmental Science and Engineering Program 2Divisions of Biology and Biological Engineering and Geological and Planetary Sciences California Institute of Technology Howard Hughes Medical Institute Pasadena California 91125

In conversation with professor Dianne Newman, Caltech geobiologist, James “Jim” J. Morgan recalls his early days in Ireland and New York City, education in parochial and public schools, and introduction to science in Cardinal Hayes High School, Bronx. In 1950, Jim entered Manhattan College, where he elected study of civil engineering, in particular water quality. Donald O'Connor motivated Jim's future study of O2 in rivers at Michigan, where in his MS work he learned to model O2 dynamics of rivers. As an engineering instructor at Illinois, Jim worked on rivers polluted by synthetic detergents. He chose to focus on chemical studies, seeing it as crucial for the environment. Jim enrolled for PhD studies with Werner Stumm at Harvard, who mentored his research in chemistry of particle coagulation and oxidation processes of Mn(II) and (IV). In succeeding decades, until retirement in 2000, Jim's teaching and research centered on aquatic chemistry; major themes comprised rates of abiotic manganese oxidation on particle surfaces and flocculation of natural water particles, and chemical speciation proved the key.

关键词： Autobiography

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Integrating Global Climate Change Mitigation Goals with Other Sustainability Objectives: A Synthesis

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Environment and Resources 1000年第1期40卷 363-394页

作者： Christoph von Stechow David McCollum Keywan Riahi Jan C. Minx Elmar Kriegler Detlef P. van Vuuren Jessica Jewell Carmenza Robledo-Abad Edgar Hertwich Massimo Tavoni Sevastianos Mirasgedis Oliver Lah Joyashree Roy Yacob Mulugetta Navroz K. Dubash Johannes Bollen Diana Ürge-Vorsatz Ottmar Edenhofer 3Department of Economics of Climate Change Technical University Berlin 10623 Berlin Germany 2Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change 10829 Berlin Germany 1Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research 14412 Potsdam Germany email: stechow@*** 4Energy Program International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis A-2361 Laxenburg Austria 5Institute of Thermal Engineering Graz University of Technology A-8010 Graz Austria 6Hertie School of Governance 10117 Berlin Germany 8Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development Environmental Sciences Utrecht University 3584 CS Utrecht the Netherlands 7Department of Climate Air and Energy PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency 3720 AH Bilthoven the Netherlands 9Department of Environmental Systems Science USYS TdLab ETH Zürich 8092 Zürich Switzerland 10Industrial Ecology Programme Department of Energy and Process Engineering Norwegian University of Science and Technology NO-7491 Trondheim Norway 12Department of Management and Economics Politecnico di Milano 20156 Milan Italy 11Climate Change and Sustainable Development Programme Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei and Centro Euromediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici 20123 Milan Italy 13Institute for Environmental Research and Sustainable Development National Observatory of Athens GR-15236 Penteli Greece 14Wuppertal Institute for Climate Environment and Energy 10178 Berlin Germany 15Department of Economics and Global Change Program Jadavpur University Kolkata 700032 India 16Department of Science Technology Engineering and Public Policy University College London London W1T 6EY United Kingdom 17Centre for Policy Research New Delhi 110021 India 18CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis 2585 JR The Hague the Netherlands 19Center for Climate Change and Sustainable Energy Policy Central European University 1051 Budapest Hungary

Achieving a truly sustainable energy transition requires progress across multiple dimensions beyond climate change mitigation goals. This article reviews and synthesizes results from disparate strands of literature on the coeffects of mitigation to inform climate policy choices at different governance levels. The literature documents many potential cobenefits of mitigation for nonclimate objectives, such as human health and energy security, but little is known about their overall welfare implications. Integrated model studies highlight that climate policies as part of well-designed policy packages reduce the overall cost of achieving multiple sustainability objectives. The incommensurability and uncertainties around the quantification of coeffects become, however, increasingly pervasive the more the perspective shifts from sectoral and local to economy wide and global, the more objectives are analyzed, and the more the results are expressed in economic rather than nonmonetary terms. Different strings of evidence highlight the role and importance of energy demand reductions for realizing synergies across multiple sustainability objectives.

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CONTROL OF SHIPBOARD WASTES

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1971年第3期83卷 118-&页

作者： KINNEY, ET CONSTANT, A Edward T. Kinney a native of Grand Rapids Michigan earned his Bachelor of Science degree with honors in Civil Engineering from Michigan State University in 1952. He began his career with the Bureau of Ships as a Naval Architect in the Hull Design Training Program in September 1952. Kinney has served as a Project Coordinator in the Machinery Systems Division and is currently Head of the Environmental Pollution Control Branch at the Naval Ship Engineering Center. He is a member of several committees including the Department of Defense Environmental Pollution Control Committee and the Interagency Committee on Vessel Pollution Standards. Alexander Constant graduated from Pennsylvania Military College in June 1960 with a B.S. in Civil Engineering. After two years with the U.S. Forest Services working as a Civil Sanitary Engineer designing recreational facilities Constant joined the Vermont Water Resources Department as a Project Engineer. For the past five years he has been associated with the Naval Ship Engineering Center Piping System Branch responsible for design and development of systems and equipment to abate and control shipboard generated waste. He is presently Acting Head of the Sewage and Waste Water Section of the Environmental Pollution Control Branch NavSec.

The Navy, as well as other Federal Agencies and the private sector, has a clear mandate to stop polluting the environment, Various sources of environmental pollution caused by the operation of naval ships are discussed and characterized by the following general categories: Sewage; Oil; Industrial; Combustion Products; and Other Mission Related Wastes. Existing procedures for controlling these pollutants and advanced concepts for more complete control are discussed. Currently a very small percentage of ships are equipped to control environmental pollution. Complete control of ship wastes will be very costly and technically challenging. The first steps to effect control have been taken but greater strides are required.

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Utilising Biomass in Biotechnology 1

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丛书名： Green Energy and Technology

1000年

作者： Helen Treichel Thamarys Scapini Aline Frumi Camargo Fábio Spitza Stefanski Gislaine Fongaro Bruno Venturin

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Food Loss and Waste: Measurement, Drivers, and Solutions

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Environment and Resources 1000年第1期44卷 117-156页

作者： Edward S. Spang Laura C. Moreno Sara A. Pace Yigal Achmon Irwin Donis-Gonzalez Wendi A. Gosliner Madison P. Jablonski-Sheffield Md Abdul Momin Tom E. Quested Kiara S. Winans Thomas P. Tomich 1Department of Food Science and Technology University of California Davis California 95616 USA email: esspang@ucdavis.edusspace@ucdavis.edu 2Energy and Resources Group University of California Berkeley California 94720 USA email: lmoreno@berkeley.edu 4Program of Biotechnology and Food Engineering Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Shantou Guangdong Province 515063 China email: yigal.achmon@*** 3Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering University of California Davis California 95616 USA email: yachmon@ucdavis.edu 5Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering University of California Davis California 95616 USA email: irdonisgon@ucdavis.edumamomin@ucdavis.edu 6Nutrition Policy Institute University of California Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources Oakland California 94607 USA email: wgosliner@ucanr.edu 7Department of Public Health Sciences University of California Davis California 95616 USA email: madisonsheffield@*** 8The Waste and Resources Action Programme (WRAP) Banbury Oxon OX16 5BH United Kingdom email: tom.quested@wrap.org.uk 9Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of California Davis California 95616 USA email: kswinans@ucdavis.edu 10Agricultural Sustainability Institute University of California Davis California 95616 USA email: tptomich@ucdavis.edu

It has been estimated that one-third of global food is lost or wasted, entailing significant environmental, economic, and social costs. The scale and impact of food loss and waste (FLW) has attracted significant interest across sectors, leading to a relatively recent proliferation of publications. This article synthesizes existing knowledge in the literature with a focus on FLW measurement, drivers, and solutions. We apply the widely adopted DPSIR (Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response) framework to structure the review. Key takeaways include the following: Existing definitions of FLW are inconsistent and incomplete, significant data gaps remain (by food type, stage of supply chain, and region, especially for developing countries), FLW solutions focus more on proximate causes rather than larger systemic drivers, and effective responses to FLW will require complementary approaches and robust evaluation.

关键词： food loss and waste FLW drivers impacts reduction recovery recycling policy

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