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General framework for the mechanical response of metallic glasses during strain-rate-dependent uniaxial compression

Physical Review Materials 2023年第10期7卷 105604-105604页

作者： Weiwei Jin Amit Datye Udo D. Schwarz Mark D. Shattuck Corey S. O'Hern Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06520 USA Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06520 USA Benjamin Levich Institute and Physics Department The City College of New York New York New York 10031 USA Department of Physics Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06520 USA Department of Applied Physics Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06520 USA Graduate Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06520 USA

Experimental data on compressive strength σmax versus strain rate ɛ̇eng for metallic glasses undergoing uniaxial compression show varying strain rate sensitivity. For some metallic glasses, σmax decreases with increasing ɛ̇eng, while for others, σmax increases with increasing ɛ̇eng, and for certain alloys σmax versus ɛ̇eng is nonmonotonic. To understand their strain rate sensitivity, we conduct molecular dynamics simulations of metallic glasses undergoing uniaxial compression at finite strain rates and coupled to heat baths with a range of temperatures T0 and damping parameters b. In the T0→0 and b→0 limits, we find that the compressive strength σmax versus temperature T obeys a “chevron-shaped” scaling relation. In the low-strain-rate regime, σmax decreases linearly with increasing T, whereas σmax grows as a power law with decreasing T in the high-strain-rate regime. For T0>0, σmax(T) deviates from the scaling curve at low strain rates, but σmax(T) rejoins the scaling curve as the strain rate increases. Enhanced dissipation reduces compression-induced heating, which causes σmax(T) to deviate from the b→0 scaling behavior for intermediate strain rates, but σmax(T) converges to the high-strain-rate power-law scaling behavior at sufficiently high strain rates. Determining σmax(T) as a function of b and T0 provides a general framework for explaining the strain rate sensitivity of metallic glasses under compression.

关键词： Compressive strength Mechanical deformation Amorphous materials Metallic glasses Molecular dynamics

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River pollution monitoring over an industrial catchment in urban ecosystem: Challenges and proposed geospatial framework

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environmental Challenges 2022年 7卷

作者： Sekharan, Sheeba Samal, Dipak R. Phuleria, Harish C. Chandel, Munish K. Gedam, Shirish Kumar, Rakesh Sethi, Virendra Supate, Amar R. Karmakar, Subhankar Interdisciplinary Program in Climate Studies Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai India Environmental Science and Engineering Department Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Maharashtra Mumbai 400076 India Centre of Studies in Resources Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai India Centre for Urban Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai India National Environmental Engineering Research Institute Nagpur India Faculty of Technology CEPT University Ahmedabad India Maharashtra Pollution Control Board Mumbai India

Urban river pollution is considered a ‘necessary evil’ consequence of disproportionate developmental expansion in metropolises. Unprecedented expansion and anthropic activities amongst other reasons lead to choking of urban rivers with municipal and industrial sewage. Urban rivers are dying while awaiting rescue, despite the hard efforts by civic authorities, largely due to lack of coordination amongst river authorities and stakeholders, underlying conflicts spanning across all levels, balkanisation, pluralization, scarcity of reliable technical data, and financial constraints. Challenges faced by stakeholders in river pollution management as revealed in informational interviews are foregrounded. In an attempt to reduce some of the overwhelm faced by officials on ground, a geospatial framework is proposed which if functionally implemented can transparentize river water quality (WQ) monitoring, and facilitate pollution control. The pollution situation in a persistently polluted urban river near Mumbai city, India was explored and assessed in the middle of a restoration battle waged by environmental activists. Following secondary river water quality data acquisition, primary sample collection campaign and WQ testing, multivariate statistical data analysis was performed under data- and resource-constraint situation. Spatiotemporal monitoring and visualization of river water quality data holds great promise for effectively controlling anthropic river pollution. A subsequent geospatial analysis of the study area was performed using digital elevation model (DEM) based watershed delineation, land use land cover (LULC) classification, mapping of WQ monitoring locations, mapping of industrial clusters, integration of spatial data, and identifying polluter industries. This steered us to formulate and propose the geospatial framework and supplementary recommendations on how better to save this dying river. The framework displays near real-time information on river water qualit

关键词： GIS Industrial catchment Multivariate statistics River pollution Urban ecosystem Urban river

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Global Atmospheric Composition Needs from Future Ultraviolet–Visible–Near-Infrared (UV–Vis–NIR) NOAA Satellite Instruments

Global Atmospheric Composition Needs from Future Ultraviolet...

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作者： Kopacz, Monika Breeze, Victoria Kondragunta, Shobha Frost, Gregory Anenberg, Susan Bruhwiler, Lori Davis, Sean da Silva, Arlindo de Gouw, Joost Duren, Riley Flynn, Lawrence Gaudel, Audrey Geigert, Michael Goldman, Gretchen Joiner, Joanna McDonald, Brian Ott, Lesley Peuch, Vincent-Henri Pusede, Sally E. Stajner, Ivanka Seftor, Colin Sweeney, Colm Valin, Lukas C. Wang, Jun Whetstone, James Kalluri, Satya NOAA/OAR Climate Program Office Silver SpringMD United States NOAA/NESDIS Center for Satellite Applications and Research GreenbeltMD United States NOAA/OAR Climate Program Office Silver Spring Maryland and NOAA/OAR/Chemical Sciences Laboratory BoulderCO United States Milken Institute School of Public Health George Washington University WashingtonDC United States NOAA/OAR Global Monitoring Laboratory BoulderCO United States NOAA/OAR/Chemical Sciences Laboratory BoulderCO United States NASA Goddard Space Flight Center GreenbeltMD United States Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences Department of Chemistry University of Colorado Boulder BoulderCO United States Carbon Mapper Inc. Pasadena California and Arizona Institute for Resilient Environments and Societies and Research The University of Arizona TucsonAZ United States Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection HartfordCT United States Office of Science and Technology Policy WashingtonDC United States European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Reading United Kingdom Department of Environmental Sciences University of Virginia CharlottesvilleVA United States NOAA/NWS/Environmental Modeling Center College ParkMD United States Center for Environmental Measurements and Modeling U.S. EPA Research Triangle ParkNC United States Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering University of Iowa Iowa CityIA United States National Institute of Standards and Technology GaithersburgMD United States

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Evaluation of GOFP over four forest plots using RAMI and UAV measurements

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2021年第10期14卷 1433-1451页

作者： Jun Geng Qian Zhang Feng Qiu J.M.Chen Yongguang Zhang Weiliang Fan Lili Tu Jianwei Huang Shaoteng Wang Lichen Xu Jinchao Li School of Civil Engineering Hefei University of TechnologyHefeiPeople’s Republic of China Intelligent Interconnected Systems Laboratory of Anhui Province Hefei University of TechnologyHefeiPeople’s Republic of China Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology International Institute for Earth System ScienceNanjing UniversityNanjingPeople’s Republic of China Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry JenaGermany Key Laboratory of Information Perception and Systems for Public Security of MIIT Nanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjingChina Department of Geography and Program in Planning University of TorontoTorontoCanada School of Geographical Science Fujian Normal UniversityFuzhouPeople’s Republic of China College of Environmental and Resource Science Zhejiang A&F UniversityLinanPeople’s Republic of China School of Resources and Environment Anhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiPeople’s Republic of China

Comparison and validation of canopy reflectance(CR)models are two important steps to ensure their *** forest plantations are an ideal type of forest for validating CR models because of their simple background and the low variance in the crown structures which are usually assumed to be identical in most CR models.A Geometric Optical Model for Forest Plantations(GOFP)was compared using dataset in two radiation transfer model intercomparison exercise(RAMI)stands and validated using in situ dataset of detailed optical and structural data of two forest plantations in the Saihanba Forestry Center,*** results show that(1)the tree distributions in stands described by the hypergeometric model in GOFP show good consistencies with the dataset in the two RAMI stands and measurements from the two Saihanba forest stands;and(2)the CRs simulated with GOFP are also compared well in the two RAMI stands and validated with measurements collected with unmanned aerial vehicles in the two Saihanba *** shows a better consistency with the CR measurements than those from CR models for natual forestsbecause the tree distribution in forest plantations is described more reasonably in GOFP.

关键词： Validation forest plantation GOFP tree distribution BRF hypergeometric model

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Numerical calculation based on mass and energy balance of waste incineration in the fixed bed reactor 9

Numerical calculation based on mass and energy balance of wa...

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9th International Seminar on New Paradigm and Innovation of Natural sciences and Its Application, ISNPINSA 2019

作者： Khuriati, A. Purwanto, P. Huboyo, H.S. Sumariyah, S. Suryono, S. Putranto, A.B. Doctorate Program of Environmental Science School of PascaSarjana. Diponegoro University Semarang50241 Indonesia Department of Physics Faculty of Science and Mathematics Diponegoro University Semarang50275 Indonesia Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Diponegoro University Semarang50275 Indonesia Department of Environmental Engineering Faculty of Engineering Diponegoro University Semarang50275 Indonesia Department of Instrumentation Dan Electronics School of Vocational Diponegoro University Semarang50275 Indonesia

To evaluate the waste process incineration, a mass, and energy balance is employed to investigate the waste incineration process in a fixed bed. Thermodynamics equilibrium is implemented to describe the incineration process. The complete combustion is only products CO2, H2O, SO2, ash, and excess O2 considered. The mass balance calculates the total mass flow in and out incinerator. Energy balance includes input heat, evaporating heat, chemical heat, radiation, and convection. The input heat is calculated by considering the heat capacity, temperature, heating value, and total mass flow. Evaporation heat is calculated based on the water content, mass flow of each aqueous, and evaporation hot water flow. The result shows that efficiency energy of waste incinerator up to 79,33%. It means the incinerator is included in the good category. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Waste incineration

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3D Modelling of Iron Sand Using Geoelectrical Resistivity Method with Wenner Array in Ulakan Tapakis, Padang Pariaman, West Sumatra 4

3D Modelling of Iron Sand Using Geoelectrical Resistivity Me...

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4th International Conference on Research and Learning of Physics, ICRLP 2021

作者： Octova, Adree Anaperta, Yoszi Mingsi Febriandika, Helio Gina Martinus, Herry Nazki, Admizal Razi, Pakhrur Putra, Amali Department of Mining Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Negeri Padang Jl. Prof. Hamka Padang25131 Indonesia Department of Energy and Mineral Resources of West Sumatra Province Jl. Joni Anwar No.85 Kp. Lapai Nanggalo Padang25142 Indonesia Doctoral Program of Environmental Science Universitas Negeri Padang Jl. Prof Hamka Padang25131 Indonesia Center of Disaster Monitoring and Earth Observation Physics Department Universitas Negeri Padang Jl. Prof Hamka Padang25131 Indonesia Department of Physics Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science Universitas Negeri Padang Jl. Prof Hamka No. 121 Padang25131 Indonesia

A studies using the resistivity method have been carried out to determine the potential of iron sand in Ulakan Tapakis West Sumatra. This study aims to establish the potential 3D modelling of iron sand. Wenner array is used to determine location of anomalies by taking 5 sections which has 180 meter length. The distance of the electrode used is 3.9 meters. Generally, Ulakan Tapakis has 3 main components of alluvial deposits, namely a layer of top sand (upper sand), middle sand, and a layer of iron sand which is divided into 2 layers, namely the bottom sand and the iron sand layer which has a resistivity value ranging from 9.53 -14135 ωm. These layers have different resistivity values depending on the constituent material. The existance of iron sand is located at depths of 0-6 meter below sea surface, with range of resistivity is 9.53-1000 ωm. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Sand

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Application of Geoelectrical Resisivity Method for Iron Sand Exploration in Ulakan Tapakis Padang Pariaman 4

Application of Geoelectrical Resisivity Method for Iron Sand...

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4th International Conference on Research and Learning of Physics, ICRLP 2021

There is no doubt about the presence of iron sand around the west coast of West Sumatra. Several studies have been carried out, but in Ulakan Tapakis area is still under observation, and no investigation of its potential and distribution. One of the methods that can provide models and subsurface descriptions is using goelectrical resistivity method. The geoelectrical application in Ulakan Tapakis was used Wenner-Schlumberger array into 4 section. The section was designed perpendicular to the beach with a length of 47 meters for short lines and 470 meters for long line, the distance between sections was about 65 meters. The results obtained in the form of pseudosection types. Each section describes the distribution and lithology of rocks below the surface. The combination of all sections gives an overview of the iron sand model at Ulakan Tapakis. From the model obtained the results of geoelectrical measurements with the Wenner-Schlumberger array, the distribution of iron sand can be found along the coast of the study area at a depth of 0.7 m - 3 m in short line and 40 m in long line with resistivity values ranging from 52 - 289 ωm © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Lithology

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Gulf Sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi) in the Mobile Bay Estuary, Alabama: Documentation of Use Outside of Designated Critical Habitat

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Journal of Coastal Research 2023年第6期39卷 1021-1043页

作者： Elizabeth M. Greenheck Michael J. Andres Dewayne A. Fox Dylan Kiene Brian R. Kreiser T. Reid Nelson Mark S. Peterson Sean P. Powers Steven J. Rider W. Todd Slack Division of Coastal Sciences School of Ocean Science and Engineering The University of Southern Mississippi Ocean Springs MS 39564 U.S.A. Department of Environmental Science and Policy Potomac Environmental Research and Education Center George Mason University Fairfax VA 22030 U.S.A. Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources Delaware State University Dover DE 19901 U.S.A. Stokes School of Marine and Environmental Sciences University of South Alabama Dauphin Island AL 36528 U.S.A. Division of Biological Sciences School of Biological Environmental and Earth Sciences The University of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg MS 39406 U.S.A. River and Stream Fisheries Program Alabama Division of Wildlife and Freshwater Fisheries Montgomery AL 36130 U.S.A. Aquatic Ecology and Invasive Species Branch U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center Vicksburg MS 39180 U.S.A.

Greenheck, E.M.; Andres, M.J.; Fox, D.A.; Kiene, D.; Kreiser, B.R.; Nelson, T.R.; Peterson, M.S.; Powers, S.P.; Rider, S.J., and Slack, W.T., 2023. Gulf Sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi) in the Mobile Bay Estuary, Alabama: Documentation of use outside of designated critical habitat. Journal of Coastal Research, 39(6), 1021–1043. Charlotte (North Carolina), ISSN *** Sturgeon (GS) are an anadromous, federally threatened subspecies of Atlantic Sturgeon that feed primarily in estuarine and marine systems in the northern Gulf of Mexico from October to April. All extant natal river systems and adjacent estuarine and marine environments were designated as critical habitat for GS in 2003, excluding the Mobile River Watershed because of lack of data indicating an extant spawning population at the time of listing. Previous studies had identified that GS from river systems east of Mobile Bay use habitats within the Mississippi Sound, suggesting GS must at least traverse Alabama waters. Therefore, this study's objective was to quantify the use of the Mobile Bay Estuary by GS. GS were acoustically tagged in all extant natal river systems and detected by an array of receivers deployed in the Mobile Bay Estuary during 2016–21. A total of 210 adult and subadult GS from western (n = 97) and eastern (n = 113) river systems were detected in the Mobile Bay Estuary for up to 4 months, with 110 individuals detected from 2 to 6 years during the monitoring period. The sustained use of the Mobile Bay Estuary by GS from western and eastern river systems strongly indicates that Alabama's waters are suitable habitat despite extirpation of the natal spawning population in the Mobile River Estuary. Foraging in the Mobile Bay Estuary is probable because previous sediment and benthic macroinvertebrate sampling in this system indicated relatively low-percent sand content and high polychaete richness, which are characteristic of foraging habitats previously identified in the Pascago

关键词： Acipenseridae acoustic telemetry movement ecology network analyses

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Molecular Insights into the Structure-Property Relationships of 3d Printed Polyamide Reverse-Osmosis Membrane for Desalination

SSRN

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SSRN 2022年

作者： He, Jinlong Yang, Jason McCutcheon, Jeffrey R. Li, Ying Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Connecticut StorrsCT06269 United States Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering California Institute of Technology PasadenaCA91125 United States Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering Center for Environmental Sciences and Engineering University of Connecticut StorrsCT06269 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering Polymer Program Institute of Materials Science University of Connecticut StorrsCT06269 United States

3D-printing is an emerging method for manufacturing polyamide (PA) reserve osmosis (RO) membranes for water treatment and desalination, which can precisely control membrane structural properties, such as thickness, roughness, and resolution. However, the synthesis-structure (i.e., degree of cross-linking (DC), m-phenylenediamine/trimesoyl chloride (MPD/TMC) ratio, and membrane thickness) to property (permeability and water-salt selectivity) relationships for these membranes has not been well understood. At the same time, a microscopic understanding of the physical mechanism of water and salt transport is needed to guide the design of high-performance 3D-printed membranes and improve printing efficiency. Thus, the atomic-scale transport features and energetics of water and salt ions are studied at high pressure for the 3D-printed PA RO membranes with the different DCs and MPD/TMC ratios through non-equilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) simulations. Factoring in membrane structure properties, rejection ratio of salt ions and pressure-dependent water flux, 3D-printed PA membranes having an MPD/TMC ratio of 3.0:2.0 and a DC between 80%~90% attains ideal performance: high water flux, high rejection of salt ions, and excellent structural integrity. Mechanistically, water permeability for highly cross-linked PA RO membranes depends on the temporary on-and-off channels that allow water molecules to jump from one cavity to another at high pressure. In addition, higher pressures cause a rapid compaction of PA membranes’ free volume and membrane thickness. Membrane failure at high pressure is determined by the DC and MPD/TMC ratios-dependent compressive yield strength. In short, these findings provide physical insights for optimizing existing PA membranes and designing next-generation desalination membranes at the molecular level. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Molecular dynamics

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Bulk passivation of perovskite films utilizing halide anion ionic liquids

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International Journal of Thermofluids 2023年 20卷

作者： Alashkar, Adnan Ayoub, Mohamad Ibrahim, Taleb Khamis, Mustafa Nancarrow, Paul Alami, Abdul Hai Tabet, Nouar PhD Program in Materials Science and Engineering American University of Sharjah Sharjah 26666 United Arab Emirates Sustainable and Renewable Energy Engineering Department University of Sharjah Sharjah 27272 United Arab Emirates Sustainable Energy & Power Systems Research Centre RISE University of Sharjah Sharjah 27272 United Arab Emirates Department of Chemical Engineering American University of Sharjah Sharjah 26666 United Arab Emirates Department of Biology Chemistry and Environmental Sciences College of Arts and Sciences American University of Sharjah Sharjah 26666 United Arab Emirates Center for Advanced Materials Research Research Institute of Science and Engineering University of Sharjah Sharjah 27272 United Arab Emirates Department of Applied Physics and Astronomy University of Sharjah Sharjah 27272 United Arab Emirates

Chemical additives to perovskite precursors constitute a predominant route to passivate defects in perovskite films and improve carrier charge dynamics. In this work, ionic liquids (ILs) with chloride and iodide anions are used as additives for bulk passivation of perovskite films. The ionic liquids in the form of 1‑butyl‑4-methylpyradinium iodide (IL-I) and 1-ethylimidazolium chloride (IL-Cl) are mixed individually with a precursor of Cesium Formamidinium Lead Triiodide and Methylammonium Chloride (CsFAPbI3−MACl). The decay of charge carriers within the perovskite film before and after passivation with ILs was measured by Time Resolved Photoluminescence Spectroscopy (TRPL). The effect of added ILs on the recombination rate of the photocarriers was investigated by analyzing the decay of the TRPL signal in all samples. The average lifetimes obtained within one day of preparations were 79 ns, 73 ns and 275 ns for pristine perovskite, IL-I passivated perovskite and IL-Cl passivated perovskite films, respectively. These values show that the presence of the IL with chloride anion greatly improves the average lifetime of the charge carrier by around 250%, while IL with iodide anion decreased the lifetime by 32% as compared with the pristine perovskite sample. This finding renders the IL-Cl passivated perovskite films as a valuable resource in applications ranging from photoelectric to hydrogen generation devices. © 2023

关键词： Ionic liquids

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