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Analysis study and experiments SEM-EDS of particles and porosity of empty fruit bunches

Case Studies in Chemical and environmental engineering 2024年 9卷

作者： Erdiwansyah Gani, Asri Desvita, Hera Mahidin Viena, Vera Mamat, Rizalman Sardjono, Ratnaningsih Eko Faculty of Engineering Universitas Serambi Mekkah Banda Aceh 23245 Indonesia Department of Chemical Engineering Universitas Syiah Kuala Banda Aceh 23111 Indonesia Oil Palm and Coconut Research Center Universitas Syiah Kuala Banda Aceh 23111 Indonesia Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management Universitas Serambi Mekkah Banda Aceh 23245 Indonesia Research Center for Chemistry National Research and Innovation Agency B.J. Habibie Science and Techno Park Serpong Banten South Tangerang 15314 Indonesia Department of Environment Engineering Universitas Serambi Mekkah Banda Aceh 23245 Indonesia Centre for Automotive Engineering Universiti Malaysia Pahang Pekan 26600 Malaysia Chemistry Program Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia Setiabudi 229 Bandung 40154 Indonesia

Palm oil biomass waste has a high energy value and can be converted into fuel. However, the high ash content from burning biomass waste is undesirable. This research aims to analyze the porosity values and length of particles from empty-fruit-bunches biomass samples different treatments. Analysis of the porosity and particle length of empty fruit bunches is the latest in this research. The analysis results show that the R-Square value with the regression model for each sample is (raw 0.88375, flowrate 1L/sec 0.99997, and temperature 30 °C 0.99996). Meanwhile, porosity value of each sample (raw 84.55 %, flowrate 1L/sec 89.08%, temperature 30 °C 88.50 %). © 2024 The Authors

关键词： Biocoke fuel Energy production Experimental analysis SEM-EDS Sustainable fuel

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Sequential Action-Based Dynamic Decision-Support Model for Urban Ecological Planning

SSRN

引用

SSRN 2023年

作者： Kim, Eun Sub Yun, Seok Hwan Kim, Ji Yeon Thorne, James H. Hyun, Jung Hee Lee, Dong Kun Interdisciplinary Program in Landscape Architecture Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Integrated Major in Smart City Global Convergence Program Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Specialized Graduate School of Intelligent Eco-Science 4 Dept. of Landscape Architecture Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Smart Green Solution Team SK forest Department of Environmental Science and Policy University of California One Shields Ave DavisCA95616 United States Systemic Risk and Resilience Research Group Advancing Systems Analysis International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis Austria Department of Landscape Architecture and Rural System Engineering Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of

Decision-makers often encounter the challenge of efficient long-term ecological planning to consider economic and environmental trade-offs. However, tools to support stepwise mitigation strategies that account for dynamic ecological responses to continuing urban development are limited. Therefore, we developed a sequential action-based dynamic decision-making model to simulate stepwise mitigation measures in space over time using a multi-objective optimization algorithm. We focused on exploring the ecological corridors and habitat creation as mitigation measures through four decades to identify trade-offs and optimal plans that minimize landscape connectivity and edge density as ecological responses to urban development and minimize implementation costs per action. The results showed that adopting an initial low-investment strategy with sequential planning significantly enhanced potential ecological benefits beyond the 2000s compared with one-action planning. In contrast, the initial high-cost investment exhibited a gradual decline in the ecological benefits over time from 1995. The initial low-cost investment presented an opportunity to enhance ecological benefits by implementing early mitigation measures in locations capable of sustaining long-term ecological functions. The results suggest that sequential planning offers valuable insights into effective urban ecological planning by analyzing time-series data. This study enables step-by-step scenario testing, thereby supporting the facilitation of urban and regional sustainability planning. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Decision making

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Estimating Aboveground Carbon Dynamic of China Using Optical and Microwave Remote-Sensing Datasets from 2013 to 2019

Journal of Remote Sensing

引用

Journal of Remote Sensing 2023年第1期3卷 19-34页

作者： Zhongbing Chang Lei Fan Jean-Pierre Wigneron Ying-Ping Wang Philippe Ciais Jérôme Chave Rasmus Fensholt Jing MChen Wenping Yuan Weimin Ju Xin Li Fei Jiang Mousong Wu Xiuzhi Chen Yuanwei Qin Frédéric Frappart Xiaojun Li Mengjia Wang Xiangzhuo Liu Xuli Tang Sanaa Hobeichi Mengxiao Yu Mingguo Ma Jianguang Wen Qing Xiao Weiyu Shi Dexin Liu Junhua Yan Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems South China Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510650China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Chongqing Jinfo Mountain Karst Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station School of Geographical SciencesSouthwest UniversityChongqing 400715China INRAE UMR1391 ISPAUniversite de BordeauxF-33140 Villenave d’OrnonFrance CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere AspendaleVIC 3195Australia Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement CEA/CNRS/UVSQ/Universite Paris SaclayGif-sur-YvetteFrance Laboratoire Evolution et Diversite Biologique Universite Paul SabatierToulouseFrance Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management University of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark Department of Geography and Program in Planning University of TorontoTorontoON M5S 3G3Canada College of Geographical Science Fujian Normal UniversityFuzhou 3500007FujianChina School of Atmospheric Sciences Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519082GuangdongChina Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory Zhuhai 519000GuangdongChina Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology International Institute for Earth System ScienceNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application Nanjing 210023China Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology Center for Spatial AnalysisUniversity of OklahomaNormanOKUSA LEGOS Universite de ToulouseCNESCNRSIRDUPS-14 avenue Edouard Belin31400 ToulouseFrance State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science Faculty of Geographical ScienceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Climate Change Research Centre University of N

Over the past 2 to 3 decades,Chinese forests are estimated to act as a large carbon sink,yet the magnitude and spatial patterns of this sink differ considerably among *** 3 microwave(L-and X-band vegetation optical depth[VOD])and 3 optical(normalized difference vegetation index,leaf area index,and tree cover)remote-sensing vegetation products,this study compared the estimated live woody aboveground biomass carbon(AGC)dynamics over China between 2013 and *** results showed that tree cover has the highest spatial consistency with 3 published AGC maps(mean correlation value R=0.84),followed by L-VOD(R=0.83),which outperform the other *** AGC estimation model was proposed to combine all indices to estimate the annual AGC dynamics in China during 2013 to *** performance of the AGC estimation model was good(root mean square error=0.05 Pg C and R^(2)=0.90 with a mean relative uncertainty of 9.8% at pixel scale[0.25°]).Results of the AGC estimation model showed that carbon uptake by the forests in China was about+0.17 Pg C year^(-1) from 2013 to *** the regional level,provinces in southwest China including Guizhou(+22.35 Tg C year^(-1)),Sichuan(+14.49 Tg C year^(-1)),and Hunan(+11.42 Tg C year^(-1))provinces had the highest carbon sink rates during 2013 to *** of the carbon-sink regions have been afforested recently,implying that afforestation and ecological engineering projects have been effective means for carbon sequestration in these regions.

关键词： estimation Remote microwave

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Electro-Fenton for Industrial Wastewater Treatment: A Review 4

Electro-Fenton for Industrial Wastewater Treatment: A Review

引用

4th International Conference on Energy, Environment, Epidemiology and Information System, ICENIS 2019

作者： Marlina, Elin Purwanto Master Program of Environmental Science School of Postgraduate Studies Diponegoro University Semarang Indonesia Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Diponegoro University Semarang Indonesia

Electro-Fenton is part of electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs) which have been widely used to treat various types of waste such as color, drugs, phenol compounds, leachate, surfactants, and others. This article focuses on the effects of various operating parameters and recent developments in the electro-Fenton process, and then their optimum ranges for maximum pollutant removal and various pollutants removed by this process is observed. © The Authors, published by EDP sciences, 2019.

关键词： Wastewater treatment

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THE EMERGENCE AND GROWTH OF THE ON-LINE SERIOUS GAMES AND PARTICIPATORY SIMULATION GROUP "APLSO" 29

THE EMERGENCE AND GROWTH OF THE ON-LINE SERIOUS GAMES AND PA...

引用

29th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction, IGLC 2021

作者： Rybkowski, Zofia K. da Alves, Thaís C.L. Liu, Min Department of Construction Science Texas A&M University College StationTX77843 United States J. R. Filanc Construction Eng. and Mgmt. Program Dept. of Civil Constr. and Env. Eng. San Diego State University San DiegoCA United States Department of Civil Construction and Environmental Engineering North Carolina State University RaleighNC27695-7908 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9786124802546

Lean simulations provide a critical "aha moment" that helps with the understanding and buy-in of key lean principles. The purpose of this article is to share the process of development and implementation of an ongoing international on-line Lean-IPD simulation experimentation community called Administering and Playing Lean Simulations Online (APLSO). The group emerged following the arrival of the COVID-19 pandemic to include academics from 38 universities (70%) and consultant practitioners (30%). This paper documents the inception and growth of this community so that lessons learned can be shared with the international lean construction community. Serious games and simulations were transitioned to an online format, relying heavily on commonly available software such as Zoom™ and Google Slides™. The most frequently developed simulations tended to be those most typically played by academics and consultants prior to the pandemic. The authors classified games presented, as well as identified physical simulations still needing to be converted to an online format. © Prof. Luis F. Alarcón and Assoc. Prof. Vicente González, IGL2021 All rights reserved.

关键词： COVID-19

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Advanced Blb Disease Assessment in Paddy Fields Using Multispectral Uav Data and Patch Fragmentation Metrics

SSRN

引用

SSRN 2024年

作者： Wijayanto, Arif Kurnia Prasetyo, Lilik Budi Hudjimartsu, Sahid Agustian Sigit, Gunardi Hongo, Chiharu Department of Forest Resource Conservation and Ecotourism Faculty of Forestry and Environment IPB University Bogor16680 Indonesia Ronpaku Fellow Tokyo102-0083 Japan Environmental Research Center IPB University Bogor16680 Indonesia Study Program of Information Technology Faculty of Science and Engineering Ibn Khaldun University Bogor16129 Indonesia Department Agriculture Forestry and Bioresources Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Regional Office of Food Crops Service West Java Province Cianjur43283 Indonesia Chiba University Chiba263-8522 Japan

This study presents a new method for assessing bacterial leaf blight (BLB) in paddy fields using multispectral UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) data through patch fragmentation analysis. Unlike traditional pixel-based methods, which often fail to capture the spatial context, our approach treats pixels as objects and analyzes their spatial relationships to evaluate BLB severity. We used six patch fragmentation metrics derived from binarized vegetation indices to classify BLB damage scores using a random forest algorithm. This method achieves high accuracy (AUC of 0.938) with a 0.5-meter sampling window, offering a more detailed assessment than conventional pixel-based analysis. This study highlights the benefits of incorporating the spatial context and improving BLB monitoring and management. This innovative approach allows agricultural stakeholders to gain valuable insights into the extent and severity of BLB disease infestation, enabling targeted intervention strategies for disease management and mitigation. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Pixels

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Effective approaches to disaster evacuation during a COVID-like pandemic

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2022年

作者： Tsai, Yi-Lin Sitepu, Dymasius Y. Chappell, Karyn E. Mediratta, Rishi P. Wang, C. Jason Kitanidis, Peter K. Field, Christopher B. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Stanford University StanfordCA United States Department of Engineering Science National University of Singapore Singapore Department of Engineering Imperial College London London United Kingdom Department of Pediatrics Stanford University School of Medicine StanfordCA United States Department of Health Policy Stanford University School of Medicine StanfordCA United States Woods Institute for the Environment Stanford University StanfordCA United States Bio-X Stanford University StanfordCA United States Institute for Computational and Mathematical Engineering Stanford University StanfordCA United States Department of Biology Stanford University StanfordCA United States Department of Earth System Science Stanford University StanfordCA United States Interdisciplinary Environmental Studies Program Stanford University StanfordCA United States

Since COVID-19 vaccines became available, no studies have quantified how different disaster evacuation strategies can mitigate pandemic risks in shelters. Therefore, we applied an age-structured epidemiological model, known as the Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Recovered (SEIR) model, to investigate to what extent different vaccine uptake levels and the Diversion protocol implemented in Taiwan decrease infections and delay pandemic peak occurrences. Taiwan’s Diversion protocol involves diverting those in self-quarantine due to exposure, thus preventing them from mingling with the general public at a congregate shelter. The Diversion protocol, combined with sufficient vaccine uptake, can decrease the maximum number of infections and delay outbreaks relative to scenarios without such strategies. When the diversion of all exposed people is not possible, or vaccine uptake is insufficient, the Diversion protocol is still valuable. Furthermore, a group of evacuees that consists primarily of a young adult population tends to experience pandemic peak occurrences sooner and have up to 180% more infections than does a majority elderly group when the Diversion protocol is implemented. However, when the Diversion protocol is not enforced, the majority elderly group suffers from up to 20% more severe cases than the majority young adult group. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： COVID-19

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Investigations on corrosion resistance of steel coated with chromium-free ZTM conversion coating

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Heliyon 2024年第13期10卷 e33881页

作者： Hong, Phan Duong Lin, Kuan-Han Liao, Pin-Chao Yen, Yu-Cheng Minh, Duc Le Chen, Chia-Yun The University of Danang University of Science and Technology 54 Nguyen Luong Bang Viet Nam Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Cheng Kung University Tainan 70101 Taiwan Institute of Occupational Safety and Health Environmental Protection in Central of Viet Nam 178 Trieu Nu Vuong Viet Nam Hierarchical Green-Energy Materials (Hi-GEM) Research Center National Cheng Kung University No.1 University Road Tainan 70101 Taiwan Program on Smart and Sustainable Manufacturing Academy of Innovative Semiconductor and Sustainable Manufacturing National Cheng Kung University Tainan 70101 Taiwan

Chromium–free conversion coatings based on Zr/Ti/Mo (ZTM) compounds via chemical conversion technology were investigated to improve the corrosion performance of SPCC-JISG 31 steels. A preliminary study was carried out to evaluate the influences of critical parameters, including the concentrations of active species Zr, Ti and Mo, and the conversion bath's pH, on the protective efficiency using a Statistical design of experiments (DoE) methodology. Passivation layer with compositional Mo, Ti and Zr elements has been employed on the steels by dipping in mixed solutions containing 17 g/l Na₂MoO₄, 1 g/l K₂TiF₆ and 7 g/l K₂ZrF₆ under pH = 5. The morphology and elemental analysis of Zr/Ti/Mo on surface of the steels was studied by the employment of scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS). Pull-off adhesion test was performed, indicating that the ZTM coatings enabled to increase the adhesion strength (6.0 MPa) of mild steel to the organic coating than that of traditional phosphate (ZrP) coating. The results of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and the salt spray test (529 h) evidenced the higher corrosion resistance of the Zr/Ti/Mo coating compared with theconventional phosphate coating. © 2024

关键词： Chromium-free Conversion coating Multi-metal system Steel The salt spray

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Modeling the Regional Effects of Climate Change on Future Urban Ozone Air Quality in Tehran, Iran

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2021年

作者： Mosadegh, Ehsan Ashrafi, Khosro Motlagh, Majid Shafiepour Babaeian, Iman Atmospheric Sciences Graduate Program University of Nevada RenoNV89557 United States Department of Environmental Engineering Graduate Faculty of Environment University of Tehran Tehran Iran Climate Research Institute Atmospheric Science and Meteorological Research Center Mashhad Iran

Quantifying the impact of climate change on future air quality is challenging in air quality studies. To investigate to what extent climate change can affect future summertime Ozone (O3) air quality in an urban area, the number of future exceedances of O3 air quality standards associated with regional climate change is projected by developing a statistical approach. An artificial neural network model is employed to simulate hourly O3 concentrations. The model is developed based on hourly observed values of temperature, solar radiation, nitrogen monoxide and nitrogen dioxide which are monitored during summers (June, July and August) of 2009–2012 at an urban air quality station in Tehran, Iran. Climate projections by HadCM3 GCM over the study area, driven by IPCC SRES A1B, A2 and B1 emission scenarios, are downscaled by LARS-WG5 model over the periods of 2015–2039 and 2040–2064. Further calculations are then performed to obtain future hourly temperature and solar radiation values by developing the future diurnal patterns of the variables in the study area. Future hourly O3 concentrations are then projected for five summers in each climate period. The projections are calculated by assuming that current emissions conditions of O3 precursors remain constant in the future. Therefore, only the impact of climate change on future O3 concentrations is investigated in this study. The employed O3 metrics include the number of days exceeding one-hour (1-hr) (120 ppb) and eight-hour (8-hr) (75 ppb) O3 standards and the number of days exceeding 8-hr Air Quality Index (AQI) in the study area. GCM simulations indicate that the surface temperature in the study area increases over all months of the year. The projected increases in solar radiation and decreases in precipitation in future summers along with summertime daily maximum temperature rise of about 1.2 ∘C and 3 ∘C in the first and second climate periods respectively are some indications of more favorable condition for O3 format

关键词： Air quality

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Freshwater fungal number

引用

Fungal Diversity 2022年第3期114卷 3-235页

作者： Mark S.Calabon Kevin D.Hyde E.B.Gareth Jones Zong-Long Luo Wei Dong Vedprakash G.Hurdeal Eleni Gentekaki Walter Rossi Marco Leonardi Vinodhini Thiyagaraja Anis S.Lestari Hong-Wei Shen Dan-Feng Bao Nattawut Boonyuen Ming Zeng Center of Excellence in Fungal Research Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand School of Science Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand Department of Biology Faculty of ScienceChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai 50200Thailand Innovative Institute for Plant Health Zhongkai University of Agriculture and EngineeringGuangzhou 510225China Department of Botany and Microbiology College of ScienceKing Saud UniversityP.O.Box 2455Riyadh 11451Saudi Arabia College of Agriculture and Biological Sciences Dali UniversityDali 671003China Department MeSVA Section Environmental SciencesUniversity of L’Aquila67100 CoppitoAQItaly Centre for Mountain Futures(CMF) CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Biodiversity and Biogeography of East Asia(KLPB)Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of ScienceKunming 650201YunnanPeople’s Republic of China CIFOR-ICRAF China Program World Agroforestry(ICRAF)Kunming 650201People’s Republic of China Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology Faculty of AgricultureChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai 50200Thailand Research Center for Biomaterials Research Organization for Life Sciences CenterNational Research and Innovation Agency(BRIN)Cibinong 16911Indonesia Plant-Microbe Interaction Research Team(APMT) Integrative Crop Biotechnology and Management Research Group(ACBG)National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology(BIOTEC)Pathum Thani 12120Thailand Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201YunnanChina

A comprehensive account of fungal classification from freshwater habitats is outlined and discussed in the present review based on literature of biodiversity studies and recent morpho-phylogenetic analyses.A total of 3,870 freshwater fungal species are listed with additional details on the isolation source,habitat,geographical distribution,and molecular *** Ascomycota(2,968 species,1,018 genera)dominated the freshwater fungal taxa wherein Sordariomycetes(823 species,298 genera)had the largest number,followed by Dothideomycetes(677 species,229 genera),Eurotiomycetes(276 species,49 genera),and Leotiomycetes(260 species,83 genera).Other phyla included in the updated classification of freshwater fungi are:Chytridiomycota(333 species,97 genera),Rozellomycota(221 species,105 genera),Basidiomycota(218 species,100 genera),Blastocladiomycota(47 species,10 genera),Monoblepharomycota(29 species,6 genera),Mucoromycota(19 spe-cies,10 genera),Aphelidiomycota(15 species,3 genera),Entomophthoromycota(6 species,4 genera),Mortierellomycota(5 species,3 genera),Olpidiomycota(4 species,1 genus),Zoopagomycota(3 species,2 genera),and Sanchytriomycota(2 species,2 genera).The freshwater fungi belong to 1,361 genera,386 families and 145 *** Pleosporales and Laboulbeniaceae are the largest freshwater fungal order and family comprised of 391 and 185 species,*** most speciose genera are Chitonomyces(87,Laboulbeniomycetes),Verrucaria(50,Eurotiomycetes),Rhizophydium(52,Rhizophydiomycetes),Penicillium(47,Eurotiomycetes),and Candida(42,Saccharomycetes).

关键词： Fungal classification Fungal taxonomy Freshwater fungi Higher fungi Molecular taxonomy Basal clades

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