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Layer-by-layer thinning of two-dimensional materials

Chemical Society Reviews 2024年第10期53卷 5190-5226页

作者： Pham, Phuong V. Mai, The-Hung Do, Huy-Binh Vasundhara, M. Nguyen, Van-Huy Nguyen, Trieu Bui, Hao Van Dao, Van-Duong Gupta, Ram K. Ponnusamy, Vinoth Kumar Park, Jin-Hong Department of Physics National Sun Yat-sen University Kaohsiung80424 Taiwan Faculty of Applied Science Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology and Education Thu Duc700000 Viet Nam Polymers and Functional Materials Department CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Tarnaka Hyderabad500007 India Centre for Herbal Pharmacology and Environmental Sustainability Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute Chettinad Academy of Research and Education Tamil Nadu Kelambakkam603103 India Shared Research Facilities West Virginia University MorgantownWV26506 United States Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering and Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Phenikaa University Hanoi12116 Viet Nam Faculty of Biotechnology Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Phenikaa University Hanoi100000 Viet Nam Department of Chemistry Kansas Polymer Research Center Pittsburg State University PittsburgKS66762 United States Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung807 Taiwan Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung807 Taiwan Department of Medical Research Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital Kaohsiung807 Taiwan Department of Chemistry National Sun Yat-sen University Kaohsiung80424 Taiwan Suwon16419 Korea Republic of

Etching technology - one of the representative modern semiconductor device makers - serves as a broad descriptor for the process of removing material from the surfaces of various materials, whether partially or entirely. Meanwhile, thinning technology represents a novel and highly specialized approach within the realm of etching technology. It indicates the importance of achieving an exceptionally sophisticated and precise removal of material, layer-by-layer, at the nanoscale. Notably, thinning technology has gained substantial momentum, particularly in top-down strategies aimed at pushing the frontiers of nano-worlds. This rapid development in thinning technology has generated substantial interest among researchers from diverse backgrounds, including those in the fields of chemistry, physics, and engineering. Precisely and expertly controlling the layer numbers of 2D materials through the thinning procedure has been considered as a crucial step. This is because the thinning processes lead to variations in the electrical and optical characteristics. In this comprehensive review, the strategies for top-down thinning of representative 2D materials (e.g., graphene, black phosphorus, MoS2, h-BN, WS2, MoSe2, and WSe2) based on conventional plasma-assisted thinning, integrated cyclic plasma-assisted thinning, laser-assisted thinning, metal-assisted splitting, and layer-resolved splitting are covered in detail, along with their mechanisms and benefits. Additionally, this review further explores the latest advancements in terms of the potential advantages of semiconductor devices achieved by top-down 2D material thinning procedures. © 2024 The Royal Society of Chemistry.

关键词： Etching

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A Review on Digital Simulation Strategies and Its Applications for Advanced Compression Garments

A Review on Digital Simulation Strategies and Its Applicatio...

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作者： Seonyoung Youn Ryan Darden Kavita Mathur Fiber and Polymer Science Ph.D.program North Carolina State University Department of Textile Engineering Chemistry and Sciences M.S.Textile Engineering program North Carolina State University Department of Textile and Apparel Technology and Management North Carolina State University

This paper presents a comprehensive review on the current state of digital simulation technology and its strategic application usages with a key focus on advanced compression garments. Although three-dimensional(3D) digital garment simulators have significantly impacted the apparel and textile industry, their use has been limited to visual prototyping, quality checking, or marketing. The physical properties of garment simulators have been overlooked in advanced functional manufacturing. This literature review investigates the possibility of strategically utilizing virtual physical properties to enhance garment functions, specifically in wearables and medical-grade compression fields. The first phase of this paper gives an overview of the current state of 3D garment simulation tools and their measurement features. This is followed by a gap analysis between simulated and physical property evaluations, focusing on minimizing the gaps. The literature is thoroughly examined to identify appropriate studies that uses digital tools for compressional garments and add value to wearables and healthcare applications. This paper provides valuable insights for apparel and textile engineers, enabling them to better understand the limitations and capabilities of garment simulators in improving advanced features for specific end users.

关键词： 3D Digital Garment Simulator Advanced Compression Garment Digital Strategy Medical-grade Compression Simulated Physical Property Virtual Evaluation

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Removal of tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) by cold plasma treatment combined with periodate oxidation: Degradation, kinetics, and toxicity study

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Chemosphere 2024年 362卷 142704页

作者： Kim, Hee-Jun Kim, Hyeok Lee, Uje Oh, Hyun-Suk Kim, Hyun-Woo Lee, Jaewoo Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology Jeonbuk National University 567 Baekje-daero Deokjin-gu Jeonju54896 Korea Republic of Department of Environmental Engineering Seoul National University of Science and Technology 232 Gongneung-ro Nowon-gu Seoul01811 Korea Republic of Department of Bionanotechnology and Bioconvergence Engineering Jeonbuk National University 567 Baekje-daero Deokjin-gu Jeonju54896 Korea Republic of Department of Environmental Engineering Jeonbuk National University 567 Baekje-daero Deokjin-gu Jeonju54896 Korea Republic of Department of JBNU-KIST Industry-Academia Convergence Research Polymer Materials Fusion Research Center Jeonbuk National University 567 Baekje-daero Deokjin-gu Jeonju54896 Korea Republic of

Tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH), which is a chemical used in the electronic industry, is classified as a hazardous material (HAZMAT class 8) that threatens aquatic ecosystems and human health. Consequently, numerous studies have attempted to remove TMAH using various treatment methods, including advanced oxidation processes such as ozone, UV, or Fenton oxidation. However, prior research has indicated a low kinetic rate of TMAH removal. In this context, we proposed an alternative to TMAH degradation by combining a cold plasma (CP) process with periodate oxidation. As for the kinetics of TMAH removal, the kinetic constant was improved by 5 times (0.1661 and 0.0301 for 40.56 and 2.2 W, respectively) as the electric power of a CP system increased from 2.2 to 40.56 W. The kinetic constant of a 40.56 W CP system further increased by 54 times (1.6250) than a 2 W CP system when 4 mM periodate was used simultaneously. As a result, the integrated CP/periodate system represented 2 times higher TMAH removal efficiency (29.5%) than a 2 W CP system (14.4%). This excellent TMAH degradation capability of the integrated CP/periodate system became pronounced at pH 10 and 25 °C. Overall, the integrated CP/periodate system is expected to be a viable management option for effectively controlling hazardous TMAH chemicals. © 2024

关键词： Kinetics

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Physicochemical characterization of submicron particles using advanced drone-based systems: real-time measurements and single-particle analysis via SERS in a case study from South Korea

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science of the Total Environment 2025年 980卷 179570页

作者： Kim, Miri Lee, Songhui Baek, Minwoo Park, Jaebeom Yoo, Minsang Kwon, Yongbum Lee, Handol Program in Environmental and Polymer Engineering of Inha University 100 Inha-ro Michuhol-gu Incheon22212 Korea Republic of Department of Environmental Engineering Inha University 100 Inha-ro Michuhol-gu Incheon22212 Korea Republic of Korea National Institute of Rare Metals Korea Institute of Industrial Technology Namdong-gu Incheon21655 Korea Republic of Particle Pollution Research and Management Center Inha University Incheon21999 Korea Republic of

This study investigated the physicochemical properties of submicron atmospheric particles using an advanced drone-based system integrating a miniaturized real-time concentration measurement module and a surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy-based single-particle analysis platform. This system enables vertical profiling of particle size distributions down to 20 nm and chemical characterization of submicron particle mixing states at ground level and aloft, capabilities beyond conventional Raman microspectrometry. Field campaigns were conducted in urban (Incheon) and semi-urban (Dangjin) environments to examine how aerosol composition and mixing states vary with altitude and location. In Incheon, although total submicron particle number concentrations were similar on the low- and high-pollution days, the latter exhibited a higher proportion of larger particles, resulting in elevated mass concentrations and degraded air quality. Internally mixed particles comprised 75.8 % at ground level and 54.5 % aloft, with nitrate-containing particles increasing from 36.2 % to 67.4 % at ground level and from 31.4 % to 77.2 % aloft under stagnant conditions. In Dangjin, high relative humidity (∼80 %) promoted secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation and increased mixing complexity. On the more humid day, the SOA-containing particle fraction rose to 51.2 % at ground level and 29.2 % aloft, compared to ∼13 % on the less humid day. These results demonstrate that meteorological conditions, particularly humidity and atmospheric stability, critically influence particle composition and transformation. The integrated measurement system and resulting observations provide a representative picture of submicron aerosol behavior under real-world conditions, highlighting the robustness and potential of this approach for vertical aerosol characterization. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Air quality

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High Conduction Band Inorganic Layers for Distinct Enhancement of Electrical Energy Storage in polymer Nanocomposites

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Nano-Micro Letters 2022年第9期14卷 221-236页

作者： Yingke Zhu Zhonghui Shen Yong Li Bin Chai Jie Chen Pingkai Jiang Xingyi Huang Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix CompositesDepartment of Polymer Science and EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240People’s Republic of China State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Center of Smart Materials and DevicesWuhan University of TechnologyWuhan 430070People’s Republic of China Institute of Applied and Physical Chemistry and Center for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology University of Bremen28359 BremenGermany

Dielectric polymer nanocomposites are considered as one of the most promising candidates for high-power-density electrical energy storage *** nanofillers with high insulation property are frequently introduced into fluoropolymer to improve its breakdown strength and energy storage ***,inorganic nanofillers are thought to introducing traps into polymer matrix to suppress leakage ***,how these nanofillers effect the leakage current is still ***,high dopant(>5 vol%)is prerequisite for distinctly improved energy storage performance,which severely deteriorates the processing and mechanical property of polymer nanocomposites,hence brings high technical complication and ***,boron nitride nanosheet(BNNS)layers are utilized for substantially improving the electrical energy storage capability of polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF)*** reveal that the high conduction band minimum of BNNS produces energy barrier at the interface of adjacent layers,preventing the electron in PVDF from passing through inorganic layers,leading to suppressed leakage current and superior breakdown *** by improved Young’s modulus(from 1.2 GPa of PVDF to 1.6 GPa of nanocomposite),significantly boosted discharged energy density(14.3 J cm^(-3)) and charge-discharge efficiency(75%)are realized in multilayered nanocomposites,which are 340 and 300% of PVDF(4.2 J cm^(-3),25%).More importantly,thus remarkably boosted energy storage performance is accomplished by marginal *** work offers a new paradigm for developing dielectric nanocomposites with advanced energy storage performance.

关键词： Boron nitride nanosheet Conduction band Efficiency Energy density Barrier

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Construction of TiO_(2)-covalent organic framework Z-Scheme hybrid through coordination bond for photocatalytic CO_(2) conversion

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第1期31卷 85-92,I0003页

作者： Lei Wang Guofang Huang Liang Zhang Rui Lian Jingwei Huang Houde She Chunli Liu Qizhao Wang Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional MaterialsCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNorthwest Normal UniversityLanzhou 730070GansuChina Key Laboratory for Photonic and Electronic Bandgap Materials Ministry of EducationSchool of Physics and Electronic EngineeringHarbin Normal UniversityHarbin 150025HeilongjiangChina School of Environmental Science and Engineering Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of Ministry of EducationChang'an University.Xi'an 710054ShaanxiChina Department of Physics Oxide Research Centerand Memory and Catalyst Research CenterHankuk University of Foreign StudiesYongin 17035Republic of Korea

In this work,a covalent organic framework(COF),which is constructed by the building blocks of[5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-aminophenyl)porphinato]copper(Ⅱ)(CuTAPP)and p-benzaldehyde,is employed to integrate with TiO_(2) for the purpose of establishing a Z-scheme *** the system,isonicotinic acid performs the role of a bridge that connects the two components through a coordination *** photocatalytic application reveals the hybrid framework is able to catalyze CO_(2) conversion under simulated solar light,resulting in CO production rate of 50.5 μmol g^(-1)·h^(-1),about 9.9 and 24.5 times that of COF and pristine TiO_(2),*** ameliorated catalytic performance owes much to the por-phyrin block acting as photosensitizer that augments the light absorbance,and the establishment of Z-scheme system between the inorganic and orga nic comp on ents that enhances the separati on of the *** addition,the chemical bridge also ensures a steady usage and stable charge delivery in the *** study sheds light on the development of versatile approaches to covalently in corporate COFs with inorga nic semic on ductors.

关键词： CuP-Ph COF TiO_(2) Sensitization Z-scheme CO_(2)reduction Photocatalysis

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Elastomer-Based Soft Syntactic Foam with Broadly Tunable Mechanical Properties and Shapability

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Ghosh, Tushar K. Pragya, Akanksha Young, Natalie Department of Textile Engineering Chemistry and Science Wilson College of Textiles North Carolina State University RaleighNC27606 United States Fiber and Polymer Science Program Wilson College of Textiles North Carolina State University RaleighNC27695 United States

Fabrication of lightweight composites using thermally responsive expandable microspheres (EM) embedded in an elastomeric matrix to form syntactic foams offers significant opportunities to create functional and structural composites for diverse applications. The morphology of the EM-elastomer composite on the micro- and macro-scales is significantly influenced by the fabrication sequence and parameters (composition, expansion time/temperature, etc.). Herein, we report the morphological evolution of an EM-elastomer composite through the fabrication processes and elucidate the interaction of relevant fabrication parameters. Unlike the majority of published reports on hard EM composites, the in-situ expansion of the closed-cell foam structure within a soft matrix leads to larger void sizes, and the concomitant expansive force of the EM impacts the polymer chain mobility within the soft composite. At the same time, higher EM loading improves the mechanical properties;the evolved microstructure leads to a lightweight but stiff structure. For the first time, the report details the thermal expansion of EM under applied pretension, which leads to irreversible prestrain-dependent morphological changes toward anisotropic mechanical properties. Additionally, the composites are shaped under constrained expansion. The study provides a comprehensive guide and expands the pathways for the practical application of EM-embedded soft syntactic foams in aerospace, electronics, wearables, robotics, etc. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Elastomers

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Removal of acid red dye 1 from textile wastewater by heterogenous photocatalytic ozonation employing titanium dioxide and iron zeolite

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Discover Chemical engineering 2024年第1期4卷 1-14页

作者： Raashid, Muhammad Kazmi, Mohsin Ikhlaq, Amir Sulaiman, Muhammad Akram, Adeela Afaf, Aliha Shafaqat, Sidra Masood, Zafar Zafar, Abdul Mannan Al-Farra, Saleh Sillanpää, Mika Department of Chemical Polymer and Composite Materials Engineering University of Engineering and Technology Lahore Punjab Pakistan Institute of Environmental Engineering and Research University of Engineering and Technology Lahore Pakistan Biotechnology Research Center Technology Innovation Institute Masdar City United Arab Emirates Department of Zoology College of Science King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia Functional Materials Group Gulf University for Science and Technology Mubarak Al-Abdullah Kuwait School of Technology Woxsen University Hyderabad India Centre of Research Impact and Outcome Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology Chitkara University Rajpura India

Clean water is a necessity for all life to survive and flourish. However, natural waters are being continuously contaminated due to the release of waste streams in water. Hence, it is important to remove pollutants from wastewater to fulfill human needs. Conventional treatment methods are neither efficient nor economical for wastewaters that especially contain refractory toxic pollutants. This requires novel techniques like Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), that may successfully degrade persistent micropollutants more efficiently. In this study, an azo dye Acid Red 1 was removed by three AOPs, namely Photocatalytic oxidation, Ozonation and Photocatalytic Ozonation, by employing heterogenous catalysts. TiO2 was used as photocatalyst, whereas Fe-Zeolite has been further added as Ozonation catalyst. The study revealed that photocatalysis degraded only 28% Acid red dye after 15 min, whereas for ozonation, the degradation percentage was 95% in same time. In combined photocatalytic ozonation process using TiO2, 95% degradation was achieved in just 9 min and treatment time further reduced to 5 min when Fe-zeolite was added. Optimization studies for initial concentration, UV intensity and catalyst loading were performed. Finally, rate constants and Electrical Energy per Order (EEO) values were determined for all AOPs, and mechanism was proposed.

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Effect and Mechanism of Pyrophosphoric Acid Anodizing Technological Parameters on the Superhydrophilicity Coupled Corrosion Resistance of Aluminum Alloy Distillation Desalination Tubes

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Lv, Jiang Chen, Zhi-Li Tang, Jin Chen, Li Xie, Wen-Jing Sun, Meng-Xi Huang, Xiao-Jun Yang, Yue-Ping College of Environmental Science and Engineering Guilin University of Technology Guilin541000 China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Process and Control Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Control of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes School of Environmental Science and Engineering Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology Maoming525000 China Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou310027 China

The distillation desalination tube prepared by using aluminum alloy instead of traditional copper/titanium alloy can not only significantly reduce the desalination device investment cost, but also considerably improve the energy utilization and water production efficiency of desalination by surface superhydrophilic modification. However, the restrict relationship between superhydrophilicity and corrosion resistance of this surface has become an important problem limiting the application of superhydrophilic modified aluminum alloy distillation desalination tubes. With a simple, economical, and practical anodizing technology of pyrophosphoric acid, this research performs superhydrophilic modification on 5052 aluminum alloy, and investigates the effect and mechanism of anodizing technological parameters (time, voltage and electrolyte temperature) on the superhydrophilicity coupled corrosion resistance of aluminum alloy surface. An equivalent circuit corresponding to the electrochemical impedance spectrum of the superhydrophilic anodic oxide film is proposed, and the corrosion resistance mechanism of the superhydrophilic anodic oxide film is revealed by fitting and analysis. Then, an effective method to enhance its corrosion resistance is proposed. The results show that the corrosion resistance of superhydrophilic anodic oxide film is independent of overall film thickness, but closely related to its internal barrier layer thickness. Moreover, increasing the constant voltage during anodizing can effectively increase its internal barrier layer thickness and thereby substantially improve the corrosion resistance of the superhydrophilic anodic oxide film. When anodizing the sample at the optimum 15 ℃ electrolyte temperature for 20 min and the applied constant voltage increasing from 30 V to 70 V, the corrosion potential of superhydrophilic anodic oxide film shifts to the positive direction by 0.18V, the corrosion current density reduces by 16.32 μA/cm2, and the film corrosi

关键词： Corrosion resistance

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Single Component Hydrophilic Terpolymer Thin Film Systems for Imparting Surface Chemical Versatility on Various Substrates

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Kim, Myungwoong Ko, Yun Hee Nguyen, Hai Ha Tran Branstetter, Christopher R. Park, Soeun Lee, Jin-Kyun Yang, Jaesung Jung, Jangwook P. Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Inha University Incheon22212 Korea Republic of Department of Applied Chemistry Reutlingen University Alteburgstraße 150 Reutlingen72762 Germany Department of Biological Engineering Louisiana State University Baton RougeLA70803 United States Program in Environment and Polymer Engineering Inha University Incheon22212 Korea Republic of Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Inha University Incheon22212 Korea Republic of Department of Chemistry Yonsei University Gangwon Wonju26493 Korea Republic of

We demonstrate hydrophilic photocrosslinkable copolymers that can attain single component functional organic coatings on various substrates. The copolymers were designed with a poly(ethylene oxide)-containing monomer, a monomer that can release a primary amine upon UV light illumination, and a monomer with reactive epoxide or cyclic dithiocarbonate with a primary amine. The resulting copolymers were easily adapted in the solution-casting process with polar solvents. Furthermore, the resulting coating was readily stabilized by crosslinking through UV light illumination, which is highly advantageous for achieving surface control of different substrates. The photocrosslinking capability further enables us to photolithographically define stable polymer domains in a desirable region. The resulting copolymer coatings were shown to be chemically versatile in immobilizing complex molecules by (i) post-crosslinking functionalization with the reactive groups on the surface and (ii) the formation of a composite coating by mixing varying amounts of a protein of interest, i.e., fish skin gelatin, which is capable of forming a dual crosslinked network. The number of functionalization sites in a thin film could be controlled by tuning the composition of the copolymers. In the photocrosslinking and subsequent functionalizations, we assessed the reactivity of the epoxide and cyclic dithiocarbonate with the generated primary amine. Moreover, the orthogonality of the possible reactions of the presented reactive functionalities in the crosslinked thin films with complex molecules was also assessed. The resulting copolymer coatings were further utilized to define a hydrophobic surface or an active surface for the adhesion of biological objects. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Monomers

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