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Natural Sciences Education 2013年第1期42卷 114-122页

作者： Adams, Damian C. Allen, Derek Borisova, Tatiana Boellstorff, Diane E. Smolen, Michael D. Mahler, Robert L. Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Dep. 218 Agriculture Hall Oklahoma State Univ. Stillwater 74078-6021 OK United States Food and Resource Economics Dep. P.O. Box 110410 IFAS Univ. of Florida Gainesville 32611-0240 FL United States School of Forest Resources and Conservation and Food and Resource Economics Dep. P.O. Box 110410 IFAS Univ. of Florida Gainesville 32611-0410 FL United States Environmental Science Program P.O. Box 442339 Univ. of Idaho Moscow 83844-2339 ID United States Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service Dep. of Soil and Crop Sciences 370 Olsen Blvd. 2474 TAMUS Texas A&M Univ. College Station 77843 TX United States

Water conservation is an important natural resource issue, and the focus of a number of educational and extension programs. Inherent in many programs is the causal link between water facts and conservation behaviors that affect water quality and/or quantity. This article interprets the results of a survey on attitudes and perceptions of water resources (n = 2226) from nine states (Alabama, Arizona, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Mississippi, Oklahoma, Tennessee, and Texas). The goal of the survey was to assess attitudes and perceptions of water supply, water quality, and factors affecting them. We assess the influence of attitudes and perceptions regarding the environment, water resources, governance, information sources, and demographics on water conservation behaviors. Specifically, we assess the role that these factors play in indoor and outdoor water-conserving actions indicated by respondents. We find several statistically significant non-knowledge factors that drive water conservation: perceived importance of water resources and their preferred use;preferred learning modes and information sources;interest in certain types of water issues;views on governance;general environmental attitudes;and demographics. For example, preferring passive learning modes (e.g., reading a newspaper article) negatively influences outdoor conservation, while preferring to learn by taking action (e.g., training) positively influences both indoor and outdoor conservation. These results highlight the importance of a number of non-knowledge factors in water program-related behavior change, and suggest a number of factors that could inform targeted approaches to influence differing audiences. Copyright © 2013 by the American Society of Agronomy.

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Audience Preferences for Water resource Information from Extension and Other Sources

Natural Sciences Education

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Natural Sciences Education 2013年第1期42卷 123-130页

作者： Boellstorff, Diane E. Borisova, Tatiana Smolen, Michael D. Evans, Jason M. Calabria, Jon Adams, Damian C. Sochacka, Nicola W. McFarland, Mark L. Mahler, Robert L. Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Dep. 218 Agriculture Hall Oklahoma State Univ. Stillwater 74078-6021 OK United States Food and Resource Economics Dep. 1097 McCarty Hall B P.O. Box 110240 IFAS Univ. of Florida Gainesville 32611-0240 FL United States Carl Vinson Institute of Government 201 N. Milledge Ave. Univ. of Georgia Athens 30602 GA United States College of Engineering Driftmier Engineering Center 597 DW Brooks Dr. Univ. of Georgia Athens 30602 GA United States College of Environment and Design 152 Jackson Street Building 285 South Jackson St. Univ. of Georgia Athens 30602 GA United States School of Forest Resources and Conservation Food and Resource Economics Dep. P.O. Box 110410 IFAS Univ. of Florida Gainesville 32611-0410 FL United States Environmental Science Program P.O. Box 442339 Univ. of Idaho Moscow 83844-2339 ID United States Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service Dep. of Soil and Crop Sciences 370 Olsen Blvd. 2474 TAMUS Texas A&M Univ. College Station 77843 TX United States

In response to state-level needs assessments, extension services and land-grant institutions (LGIs) have directed human and financial resources to meet identified public information needs regarding water resource status and management. This study evaluates the success of these efforts by examining the results of a nationwide survey of public attitudes and perceptions regarding water resources, and focusing on participants’ responses to questions related to preferred water information sources, learning opportunities, and topics. Fifteen percent of the adult population in the Southern, Mid-Atlantic, and Northeast regions received water resource information from cooperative extension services, or in the 16 states sampled, extension reached about 15.3 million adults with water resource information. Older respondents and those living in smaller cities were more likely to indicate receiving water resource information from extension. Survey participants were asked to indicate water resource topics about which they would like to receive further information. Respondents were most interested in protecting public drinking water supplies, watershed management, nutrient and pesticide management, and fish and wildlife needs. Similarly, participants were asked to indicate their three (of possible 12) preferred modes for receiving water resource information. Overall, most respondents preferred receiving information by reading printed fact sheets, watching television coverage, reading newspaper articles, and visiting Internet websites. However, responses varied widely according to respondent's age and the size of the community, indicating that water resource education delivery methods should be selected based on specific target audiences. Copyright © 2013 by the American Society of Agronomy.

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Can plant pathogenic fungi accumulate high concentration of radiocesium?

Can plant pathogenic fungi accumulate high concentration of ...

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2013年亚洲菌物学大会暨第13届海洋及淡水菌物学研讨会

作者： Junichi P.Abe Kentaro Hosaka Yoshihito Ohmura Makoto Kakishima Laboratory for Plant Parasitic Mycology Doctoral Program in Biosphere Resource Science and TechnologyFaculty of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Tsukuba1-1-1 TennoudaiTsukubaIbaraki 305-8572Japan Department of Botany National Museum of Nature and Science4-1-1 AmakuboTsukubaIbaraki 305-0005Japan Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi Jilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunJilin Province 130118China

After the nuclear accident in the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant（FDNPP） caused by the Tohoku earthquake and tsunami on March 11,2011,high concentrations of radiocesium(Cs and Cs) in wild mushrooms and lichens were *** clarify which fungal species are high radiocesium accumulator,the plant pathogenic fungi are investigated *** this study we examine the radiocesium accumulation in azalea leaf gall on Rhododendron indicum caused by Exobasidium japonicum collected from different areas with different aerial radiation *** June 1 and 12, 2012,leaves with leaf gall and healthy leaves of the same tree were collected totally from 23 sites belonging to Ibaraki Pref.,Tochigi *** Fukushima *** 46 samples were dried,weighed and *** concentrations of radionuclides of each samples were determined by gamma-ray spectrometry using a high purity germanium *** results reveal that the concentrations of Cs in diseased samples were double higher than healthy samples at least in 22 *** in one site healthy sample was 1.4-fold higher than diseased *** highest concentration was 3327.2 bq/kg for diseased sample and 1766.8 bq/kg for healthy sample from Date,Fukushima Pref.（ca.60 km far from FDNPP） and this highest concentration was 67-fold higher than the diseased sample of the lowest concentration determined in Tsukuba,Ibaraki Pref.（ca.168 km far from FDNPP）.This study suggests for the first time that plant pathogenic fungi which is chiefly due to hypertrophy of the host cells can increase the accumulation of radiocesium.

关键词： Can plant pathogenic fungi accumulate high concentration of radiocesium

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Differences in Opinions about Surface Water Quality Issues in the Southern United States: Implications for Watershed Planning Process

Natural Sciences Education

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Natural Sciences Education 2013年第1期42卷 104-113页

作者： Borisova, Tatiana Useche, Pilar Smolen, Michael D. Boellstorff, Diane E. Sochacka, Nicola W. Calabria, Jon Adams, Damian C. Mahler, Robert L. Evans, Jason M. Biosystems and Agric. Eng. Dep. 218 Agriculture Hall Oklahoma State Univ. Stillwater 74078-6021 OK United States Food and Resource Economics Dep. Univ. of Florida 1091 McCarty Hall B P.O. Box 110240 IFAS Gainesville 32611-0240 FL United States Food and Resource Economics Dep. Univ. of Florida 1097 McCarty Hall B P.O. Box 110240 IFAS Gainesville 32611-0240 FL United States Carl Vinson Institute of Government 201 N. Milledge Ave. Univ. of Georgia Athens 30602 GA United States College of Engineering Driftmier Engineering Center Univ. of Georgia 597 DW Brooks Drive Athens 30602 GA United States College of Environment and Design Univ. of Georgia 152 Jackson Street Building 285 South Jackson Street Athens 30602 GA United States School of Forest Resour. and Conserv. and Food and Resour. Econ. Dep. Univ. of Florida P.O. Box 110410 IFAS Gainesville 32611-0410 FL United States Environmental Science Program P.O. Box 442339 Univ. of Idaho Moscow 83844-2339 ID United States Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service Dep. of Soil and Crop Sciences Texas A&M Univ. 2474 TAMUS College Station 77843 TX United States

Public participation in a watershed planning process involves reaching out to social groups with very diverse opinions and perceptions about environmental issues. Using responses to a nationwide survey of public attitudes and perceptions related to water issues, we examined the effects of socio-demographic and residence characteristics on opinions about water quality, agricultural and urban pollution sources, and nutrients and pathogen pollution issues in the southern United States. Significant differences were identified among respondents of different age groups, genders, and educational levels. Opinions also differed significantly among urban and rural respondents and between states. These results can be used by state and local agencies, universities, and extension services involved in the design of collaborative watershed management processes and water resource educational efforts. Copyright © 2013 by the American Society of Agronomy.

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Thermogravimetric characterization of bio-oil from swine manure/crude glycerol co-liquefaction as combustion feedstock

Thermogravimetric characterization of bio-oil from swine man...

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American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers Annual International Meeting 2011

作者： Xiu, Shuangning Shahbazi, Abolghasem Rojanala, Harith K. Wang, Lijun Biological Engineering Program Department of Natural Resource and Environmental Design NC A and T State University Greensboro NC United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781618391568

The thermal characteristics of bio-oils derived from swine manure/crude glycerol co-liquefaction were studied by thermogravimetric analysis. Thermogravimetric analysis of the bio-oils were carried out in O2 and N2 atmospheres under 20°C/min to a maximum temperature of 1000°C. The results indicate that the combustion processes of bio-oils were divided into three stages, with most of the materials decomposing between 330 and 370°C. The kinetic parameters of different kinds of bio-oils were determined using the Coats-Redfern method, considering that bio-oil combustion occurs in three consecutive steps. Four models including more than twelve alpha functions were tested to fit our experimental results. The calculation shows that the diffusion models are the best fit for describing the bio-oil combustion process in the air. The study not only provides useful data on burning this type of oil, but also provides information for designing and controlling a thermal degradation process.

关键词： Thermogravimetric analysis

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Modeling of phosphorus dynamics in contrasting agroecosystems using long-term field experiments

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Canadian Journal of Soil Science 2013年第3期94卷 377-387页

作者： Christian Morel Noura Ziadi Aimé Messiga Gilles Bélanger Pascal Denoroy Bernard Jeangros Claire Jouany Jean-Claude Fardeau Alain Mollier Léon-Etienne Parent Nicolas Proix Lilia Rabeharisoa Sokrat Sinaj INRA UMR 1220 TCEM CS 20032 33882 Villenave d'Ornon cedex France (e-mail: ) morel@bordeaux.inra.fr Bordeaux Sciences Agro UMR 1220 TCEM F-33175 Gradignan France Soils and Crops Research and Development Centre Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada 2560 Hochelaga Blvd. Québec Québec Canada G1V 2J3 Environmental and Resource Studies Program Trent University 1600 West Bank Drive Peterborough Ontario Canada K9J 7B8 Research Station Agroscope Changins-Wädenswil ACW CP 1012 1260 Nyon Switzerland INRA UMR1248 AGIR BP 27 F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan France Université Toulouse INPT UMR1248 AGIR F-31029 Toulouse France rue petit colombier 04100 Manosque France Department of Soils and Agri-Food Engineering Paul Comtois Bldg. Laval University Québec Québec Canada G1 K 7P4 INRA Laboratoire d'Analyses des Sols 273 Rue de Cambrai F- 62000 Arras France Laboratoire RadioIsotopes Université d'Antananarivo B.P 3383 Antananarivo 101 Madagascar.

Morel, C., Ziadi, N., Messiga, A., Bélanger, G., Denoroy, P., Jeangros, B., Jouany, C., Fardeau, J. C., Mollier, A., Parent, L. E., Proix, N., Rabeharisoa, L. and Sinaj, S. 2014. Modeling of phosphorus dynamics in contrasting agroecosystems using long-term field experiments. Can. J. Soil Sci. 94: 377-387. Long-term field experiments on phosphorus (P) fertilization were originally designed to study crop needs in different soil types by analyzing the effects of several rates of P fertilization on yields, their P concentrations and dynamics of plant-available soil P. The objective of this study was to test a computer-based model to simulate the P dynamics at the field scale using plant database and analyzing for plant-available P by a hierarchical process-based approach. It predicts both the concentration (CP) of phosphate ions (Pi) in soil solution and the associated Pi amounts that in time equilibrate with Pi in solution. Five experiments, representative of contrasting soil types, land-use, and climates were selected. Our model equilibrates the change in plant-available P in the upper soil layer to the P budget between annual P inputs and outputs. Rates of P fertilization affected simulations following the same expected pattern across sites. Field-observed and simulated values are in good agreements in all sites. The field-observed variations of CP per unit of P budget ranged from 0.007 to 2.49 (µg P L-1) (kg P ha-1)-1. The predictions are of the same order of magnitude. Predictions were compared with empirical long-term data and mismatches were discussed. This investigation highlights the scientific interest of long-term field P experiments to test and validate models describing P dynamics at the scale of the agricultural fields under different agricultural management practices.

关键词： agroécosystèmes Agroecosystems cycle cycling fertilisation fertilization modeling modélisation phosphore phosphorus soil sol

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Billion Ton Update: Commentary from study leads and US DOE

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Industrial Biotechnology 2011年第5期7卷 381-383页

作者： Perlack, Robert D. Stokes, Bryce Bryan, Paul Ferrell, John Bioenergy Resource and Engineering Systems Group Environmental Sciences Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory United States Golden Field Office United States US DOE-Biomass Program United States

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Corrigendum to “Unintended consequences of regulating drinking water in rural Canadian communities: Examples from Atlantic Canada” [Health and Place 17(5) (2011) 1030–1037]

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Health & Place 2012年第2期18卷 446-446页

作者： Megan Kot Heather Castleden Graham A. Gagnon Interdisciplinary PhD Program Faculty of Graduate Studies Dalhousie University Halifax Nova Scotia Canada B3J 1Z1 School for Resource and Environmental Studies Faculty of Management Dalhousie University Halifax Nova Scotia Canada B3H 4R2 Civil and Resource Engineering Faculty of Engineering Dalhousie University Halifax Nova Scotia Canada B3J 1Z1

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Abstracts Of Shellfish Technical Papers Presented at the joint meeting of the Northeast Aquaculture Conference and Exposition Milford Aquaculture Seminar and the International Conference on Shellfish Restoration Groton, Connecticut December 12–15, 2012

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Journal of Shellfish Research 2013年第2期32卷 571-612页

作者： Walter Blogoslawski Christopher Davis Dorothy Leonard Lisa Milke Steven Allen Peter Bergstrom A.C. Carpenter Mark Luckenbach Kennedy Paynter Angela Sowers Eric Weissberger James Wesson Stephanie Westby Steven Allen Stephanie Westby Claire O'Neil Angela Sowers Eric Weisberrger Oliver Bender Peter Boyce Gabriel Betty Mark Borrelli Anamarija Frankic Curtis Felix Jennifer Wilson Peter Boyce Oliver Bender Suzanne Bricker Tessa Getchis Cary Chadwick Julie Rose Cori Rose Kelsey Brockett Jessica Peterman David Bushek Daphne Munroe Eric Powell Lisa Calvo Barney Hollinger William Riggin William Shadel Jenny Paterno Ryan Carnegie David Bushek Carole Cyr Lisandre G. Solomon Francoise Bourque Tyler Carrier Stephen Eddy Sarah Redmond James Cervino Rand Weeks Jason Shorr Carmen Lin Dajana Gjoza Thomas J. Goreau Erik Chapman Derrick Chelikowsky Diane Kapareiko Dorothy Jefferess Gary Wikfors Carmela Cuomo Joseph Choromanski Sheila Stiles Dorothy Jeffress Haley Ladeau Loren Coen Boze Hancock Lesley Baggett Sean Powers Rob Brumbaugh Summer Morlock Bryan DeAngelis Anne Cohen Daniel McCorkle Gail Schwietermann Kathryn Rose Dave Conley SaiGiridhar Dasika April Croxton Soren Dahl Debra Barnes Bassem Allam Jonathan Davis Brian Allen Betsy Peabody Jonathan Davis Julie Davis William Walton Donatella Del Piero Michael Devin Molly Flanagan Paul Rawson Chauncey Devin Dana Morse Mark S. Dixon Genevieve Bernatchez Kelsey Boeff Eve Galimany Yaqin Li Aynur Lok Shannon L. Meseck Marguerite Petit Sean Dixon Sam Lee Dennis O'Connor Kelly Drake Shelley Edmundson Elizabeth Fairchild Melissa Evans Allison Fitzgerald Chester Zarnoch William Wallace Amy Fitzpatrick Gef Flimlin Sandra Macfarlane Gef Flimlin Thomas Foca David Bushek Timothy Visel Walter Blogoslawski Deborah A. Bouchard Joseph Buttner John Ewart Ann Faulds George E. Flimlin Doris Hicks Craig Hollingsworth Andrew Lazur Dale Leavitt Dennis McIntosh Dana L. Morse Tom Rippen Gregg Rivara Roxanna Smolowitz Dan Terlizzi Don Webster Michael Chambers Diane C. Murphy Robert Pomeroy Josh Reitsma Mic U.S. Department of Commerce National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Marine Fisheries Service Northeast Fisheries Science Center Milford Laboratory 212 Rogers Avenue Milford CT 06460 Maine Aquaculture Innovation Center 5717 Corbett Hall Room 436 Orono ME 04469 Ocean Equities LLC 776 Rolling View Drive Annapolis MD 21409. Oyster Recovery Partnership 1805A Virginia St Annapolis MD 21401 NOAA Chesapeake Bay Office 410 Severn Ave Suite 207-A Annapolis MD 21403 Potomac River Fisheries Commission 222 Taylor St Colonial Beach VA 22443 Virginia Institute of Marine Science Eastern Shore Laboratory PO Box 350 Wachapreague VA 23480 1213 HJ Patterson Hall University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 U. S. Army Corps of Engineers Baltimore District P.O. Box 1715 Baltimore MD 21203 Maryland Department of Natural Resources 580 Taylor Ave Annapolis MD 21401 Virginia Marine Resources Commission 2600 Washington Ave Newport News VA 23607 NOAA Restoration Center 410 Severn Ave Annapolis MD 21403. Oyster Recovery Partnership 1805A Virginia St Annpolis MD 21401 National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration 410 Severn Ave Suite 107-A Annapolis MD 21403 USA Army Corps of Engineers 10 South Howard St Baltimore MD 21201 Maryland Department of Natural Resources 580 Taylor Ave Tawes State Office Building Annapolis MD 21401. Maria Mitchell Association 4 Vestal St Nantucket MA 02554 Maria Mitchell Association 65 Meadowview Drive Nantucket MA 02554. University of Rhode Island 620 Main St. Hopkinton RI 02832. Provincetown Center for Coastal Studies 5 Holway Avenue Provincetown MA 02657 University of Massachusetts Boston 100 Morrissey Blvd Boston Massachusetts Boston MA Town of Wellfleet 300 Main Street Wellfleet Massachusetts MA 02667. Maria Mitchell Association 65 Meadowview Dr Nantucket MA 02554. NOAA National Center for Coastal Ocean Science 1305 East West Highway Room 8110 Silver Spring MD 20910 Connecticut Sea Grant University o

It was with great excitement that we planned the combined meetings of Northeast Aquaculture Conference and Exposition (NACE) and the International Conference on Shellfish Restoration (ICSR) with the 33rd Milford Aquaculture Seminar (MAS). Bringing these different but complementary audiences together resulted in a meeting that combined many different aspects of fisheries restoration and aquaculture under one *** hundred attendees including government representatives, research scientists, industry, and academia at both the university and vocational high school levels attended this event. The meeting commenced on Wednesday December 12th 2012, with over eighty people attending seven field trips to area aquaculture farms and research facilities. The formal program began on Thursday, December 13th with a plenary session including invited speakers Eric Schwabb, Acting Assistant Secretary for Conservation and Management at NOAA; Sebastian Belle, Executive Director of the Maine Aquaculture Association and Boze Hancock from the Nature Conservancy, who discussed the role of aquaculture in fisheries restoration. John Bullard, the Northeast Regional Administrator of NOAA Fisheries Service, addressed the group during the luncheon the following day. The technical papers and workshops presented were divided into 35 sessions over three days of the meeting and included topics such as the history of aquaculture, aquaculture hatchery innovations, siting and planning issues, risk management, aquaculture business management, ocean acidification, climate change, as well as aquaculture disease issues and potential remedies. Having persons present who have experienced problems and successes, along with those in manufacturing and government responsible for addressing concerns and sharing best practices, was invaluable. Discussions among this cross-section of persons who represent different aspects of aquaculture were as important as the well-presented and interesting formal papers

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Structural analysis of bio-oils from supercritical ethanol liquefaction of swine manure

Structural analysis of bio-oils from supercritical ethanol l...

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作者： Xiu, Shuangning Shahbazi, Abolghasem Wang, Lijun Wallace, Carlington W. Biological Engineering Program Department of Natural Resource and Environmental Design North Carolina A and T State University Greensboro NC United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781617388354

Swine manure was converted to bio-oils by using ethanol in an autoclave in the reaction temperature range of 240-360°C without any catalyst. The experimental results show that the yield of the liquefaction products was significantly influenced by the reaction temperature. The maximum oil yield of 26.7% (of dry matter) with low content of oxygen (11.48%) and heating value of 33.98 MJ/kg was obtained at reaction temperature of 300°C. The Bio-oil obtained at different reaction temperature was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), elemental analyses, heating values, water content analyses, ash content, and solids content. A low content of carbonyl and aliphatic groups and a high aromaticity in the bio-oil were found in the bio-oils from high temperature as determined by FTIR. The elemental composition of the bio-oil samples changes with reaction temperature. However, no particular trends in the elemental composition were found within the range of reaction temperature used.

关键词： Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

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