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1st Workshop on Language Models for Low-Resource Languages, LoResLM 2025 - co-located at the 31st International Conference on Computational Linguistics, COLING 2025

作者： Lasheras, Uriel Pinheiro, Vládia Postgraduate Program in Applied Informatics University of Fortaleza Ceará Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9798891762152

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly central to the development of generative AI across diverse fields. While some anticipate these models may mark a step toward artificial general intelligence, their ability to handle complex causal reasoning remains unproven. Causal reasoning is essential for true general intelligence, particularly at Pearl’s interventional and counterfactual levels. In this work, we introduce ***, a dataset of over 8,000 natural causal questions in Portuguese, collected from real human interactions. Built upon a novel three-axis taxonomy, *** categorizes questions by causal intent, action requirements, and the level of causal reasoning needed (associational, interventional, or counterfactual). Our findings from evaluating ***’s seed questions with GPT-4o reveal that this LLM faces challenges in handling interventional and relation-seeking causal queries. These results suggest limitations in using GPT-4o for extending causal question annotations and highlight the need for improved LLM strategies in causal reasoning. *** provides a foundation for advancing LLM capabilities in causal understanding, particularly for the Portuguese-speaking world. © 2025 Association for Computational Linguistics.

关键词： Computational linguistics

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System Design Teaching Model in informatics Engineering Study program 1

System Design Teaching Model in Informatics Engineering Stud...

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1st International Conference on Vocational Education and Technology, ICONVET 2018

作者： Supriana, C.E. Informatics Engineering Study Program Faculty of Engineering Pasundan University Bandung Indonesia

Design teaching which is part of the system development life cycle, both information systems and application systems is very important to be taught, learned and understood in the informatics engineering study program. System design teaching in private universities in Indonesia whose students are very diverse in terms of abilities and skills require teaching materials, lecture strategies, quality of lecturers and facilities that must also be able to adapt to the challenges and complexity in teaching. The study of system design teaching uses Hevner's information systems research framework which includes the steps of constructing artifacts in the form of constructs, models, methods, instances and evaluation of artifacts using case study in informatics engineering lecture. The use of the framework is intended to support business strategies and processes in study programs and to ensure the relevance of research. The result of research is a model and evaluation of the model. First, this research will produce a system design teaching model that can be used as a reference in the informatics engineering study program to produce graduates with good literacy, skills using the stages of system design, understanding user needs and system design capabilities. Second, evaluating the model that has been built by applying it to the case study on human computer interaction lecture and measuring the results of lectures to improve the quality of lecture material, teaching and students. © 2019 Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Students

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Designing database lecture model in informatics engineering study program 2

Designing database lecture model in informatics engineering ...

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2nd International Conference on Vocational Education and Technology, IConVET 2019

作者： Supriana, C.E. Informatics Engineering Study Program Faculty of Engineering Pasundan University Bandung Indonesia

Database lectures in the informatics engineering study program teach the life cycle of database system development, both in terms of concepts, utilization, administration to database application systems to be studied, practiced and understood by students. Database teaching in the informatics engineering department of a private university with very diverse student participants, the ability to master computer and information technology and skills requires teaching material, lecturing strategies, lecturer quality, and facilities must also be able to adjust toward challenges, concept development, and database technology. This database design research model used Hevner's information systems research framework, starting with reference research, database lecture analysis, rigor and research relevance. This research covered the steps of constructing artifacts in the form of constructs, models, methods, instantiation, and evaluation of artifacts. The use of the framework intended to support business strategies and processes in study programs and ensure the relevance of research. The benefits of this research will produce a database lecture model that can be used as a reference and lecture development in the informatics engineering study program. Reference to produce graduates with understanding and skills in database design, the use of Database Management System (DBMS), the ability in administration and professional capability in the database field. This research will be relevant to the study program environment as well as scientific benefits in research and database teaching. © 2020 IOP Publishing Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Database systems

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Cognitive Assessment of Students Using Testing Instruments on Computer Networks Courses in informatics and Computer Engineering Education Study program at UNJ 8

Cognitive Assessment of Students Using Testing Instruments o...

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8th International Conference on Education and Technology, ICET 2022

作者： Duskarnaen, Muhammad Ficky Sastrawijaya, Yuliatri Ajie, Hamidillah Arrazi, Muhammad Fakhruddin State University of Jakarta Informatics and Computer Engineering Education Study Program Jakarta Indonesia

ISBN: (数字)9781665492140

ISBN: (纸本)9781665492140

This study aims to design an assessment instrument to assess students' cognition in computer networking lessons. The design and design of the test instrument followed the ADDIE model, from the analysis stage to determine student targets and characteristics, then the design stage, determining learning objectives, learning material design, and question grids, at this stage the number of Subject Matter Experts (SME) was also determined as many as 6 people, for 6 Subject Matter Experts (SME), the minimum acceptable Content Validation Ratio (CVR) is 0.99, while the Content Validation Index (CVI) is 0.83. At the development stage, 81 items were designed as a draft assessment instrument. At the implementation stage, the Subject Matter Experts (SME) assessed each item on the draft assessment instrument. This study uses a quantitative content validity approach from the Lawshe model with a 3-point scale as follows: essential, useful but not necessary, and non-essential. Each Subject Matter Expert (SME) was given an instrument to assess each item in the test instrument. The Subject Matter Expert (SME) will determine whether an important question is given, normal or normal, or whether the question is not important given to students. At the evaluation stage, the Subject Matter Expert (SME) assessment of the draft test instrument will be compiled and the Content Validation Ratio (CVR) value and the Content Validation Index (CVI) value calculated to determine content validity. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Students

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A Robust Resource-Aware Framework for YOLO-Based Object Detection in Dynamic and Multi-Platform Resource-Constrained Environments

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IEEE Access 2025年 13卷 79977-79995页

作者： Shiddiqi, Ary Mazharuddin Navastara, Dini Adni Studiawan, Hudan Romadhona, Yasinta Azhar, Muhammad Fath Mushaffa Rahma, Fayruz Bramantoro, Arif Alzahrani, Ahmad A. Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Faculty of Intelligent Electrical and Informatics Technology Department of Informatics Surabaya60111 Indonesia Telkom University Informatics Study Program Surabaya Campus Surabaya60231 Indonesia Universitas Islam Indonesia Department of Informatics Yogyakarta55584 Indonesia Universiti Teknologi Brunei School of Computing and Informatics Bandar Seri BegawanBE1410 Brunei King Abdulaziz University Faculty of Computing and Information Technology 21589 Saudi Arabia

Efficient management of resources such as CPU, RAM, and disk storage is a critical challenge for object detection systems that rely on multi-camera video streaming, especially for resource-constrained devices. These constraints frequently result in the risk of overheating and potential system failure during high workloads. This paper presents a novel Resource-Aware Framework (RA-Framework), designed to optimize resource allocation using dynamic adaptation mechanisms. The RA-Framework dynamically manages CPU, RAM, and disk storage resources for YOLO-based object detection, supporting multiple camera streams and scheduling mechanisms. The framework was implemented in resource-constrained environments using various YOLO models with single and dual-camera setups. Experimental results showed that the RA-Framework successfully reduced average CPU usage by up to 68.62%, decreased RAM consumption by approximately 13.47%, and extended the time for disk usage to increase by 1% by more than 500% in specific scenarios. In contrast, systems without the RA-Framework experienced higher resource utilization and greater susceptibility to resource scarcity or even overheating. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Resource allocation

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Identifying and prioritizing competencies for health informatics master's graduates to support the health sector transformation program in Saudi Arabia

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International Journal of Medical informatics 2025年 201卷 105944-105944页

作者： Alshoumr, Bader Almulhem, Jwaher A. Alkadi, Khulud Aljarallah, Lujain Aljuffali, Lobna A. Aldekhyyel, Raniah N. Department of Health Informatics College of Public Health and Health Informatics University of Hail Hail Saudi Arabia Medical and Diagnostic Research Centre University of Hail Hail Saudi Arabia Medical Informatics & e-learning Unit Medical Education Department College of Medicine King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia Department of Health Informatics College of Public Health and Health Informatics King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences Riyadh Saudi Arabia King Abdullah International Medical Research Center Riyadh Saudi Arabia Ministry of National Guard Development Program Riyadh Saudi Arabia Saudi Commission for Health Specialties Saudi Arabia Women's Health Research Chair Deanship of Scientific Research King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia

Background: The 2030 Health Sector Transformation program (HSTP) in Saudi Arabia includes digital health as one of its objectives. To achieve this transformation a knowledgeable and skillful workforce is needed. No research identifies the specific health informatics competencies needed to support HSTP's objectives. Our study aims to identify and prioritize key competencies for health informatics master's graduates needed to support Saudi Arabia's digital health transformation strategies for 2030. Methods: A series of semi-structured interviews were conducted with 17 health informatics experts in Saudi Arabia, identified through LinkedIn, with over 10 years of experience working on large-scale national projects. Interviewees were conducted in August and September of 2024. Experts ranked competencies based on their priority and alignment with HSTP's digital transformation goals. The competencies were drawn from of the International Medical informatics Association (IMIA) international recommendations in biomedical and health informatics (BMHI) educational framework, which served as the gold standard. Results: A total of 37 competencies were ranked as high priority, 38 as moderate priority, and 5 as neutral. The top high-priority competencies for health informatics master's graduates included change management, patient safety, data and information analysis, system security, business alignment, ethics, security and privacy, and leadership. The management science and social and behavioral domains were identified as the most critical for developing health informatics curricula and professional training programs. Two new competencies were identified: innovation, and emerging digital health technologies. Conclusion: The findings reflect the changes that the healthcare system in the country is experiencing specifically related to data and digitalization as identified by the 2030 HSTP. There needs to be more standardized educational programs focused on the competencies needed

关键词： Curricula

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Harnessing YOLO for Loose Fruits Detection: Boosting Productivity in Palm Oil Plantations

Harnessing YOLO for Loose Fruits Detection: Boosting Product...

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2025 International Conference on Advancement in Data Science, E-learning and Information System, ICADEIS 2025

作者： Warni, Elly Indrabayu Achmad, Andani Syahsir, Aldilah Rezki Rhamadani Universitas Hasanuddin Doctoral Program of Electrical Engineering Department Informatics Department Makassar Indonesia Universitas Hasanuddin Electrical Engineering Department Makassar Indonesia Universitas Hasanuddin Informatics Department Makassar Indonesia

ISBN: (纸本)9798331513320

This study explores the use of the YOLOv5 algorithm to detect loose fruits palm oil in plantations, improve collection efficiency, and reduce reliance on manual labor. Loose fruits have high economic value due to their oil content, but they are often not collected, resulting in financial losses and the growth of weeds around oil palm trees. Conventional manual methods are often ineffective;thus, automatic detection is required. The dataset comprises 525 images of loose fruits, covering complex conditions on plantations, and secondary data from Roboflow, including nontarget objects, such as rocks and dry leaves, to train the model to accurately distinguish loose fruits. During training, several parameters were optimized: batch size, learning rate, optimizer type, weight decay, and momentum, which showed that small batch sizes provided higher mAP50 values, whereas large batches increased mAP50:95, indicating the ability to detect objects at higher levels of complexity. Testing in a scenario with loose fruits clearly visible and partially covered with leaves or grass showed that YOLOv5 could detect loose fruits well despite some constraints in the obstructed environment. The results of this study show that, with appropriate parameter settings, YOLOv5 can be a reliable basis for automated loose fruit collection systems, potentially improving operational efficiency in oil palm plantations and contributing to the development of automation in the agricultural sector. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Fruits

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Micro-electrode array (MEA) electrophysiological signal analysis by descriptive stochastic tests of the probability density structure

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Research on Biomedical Engineering 2025年第2期41卷 1-13页

作者： Faria, Vinícius Naves Rezende Ramos, Marina Abadia Martinoia, Sérgio Destro-Filho, João-Batista Postgraduate Program in Electrical Engineering Universidade Federal de MG Uberlândia Brazil Postgraduate Program in Biomedical Sciences Universidade Federal de MG Uberlândia Brazil Division of Informatics Bioengineering Robotics and System Engineering Università Degli Studi Di Genova Genova Italy

Purpose: The primary objective of this study is to present, analyze, and quantitatively characterize the electrical signals obtained from neuronal cultures coupled to micro-electrode arrays (MEAs). Special attention is given to the temporal evolution of electrical activity across distinct geometric regions of the MEA devices. Methods: The proposed methodology involves signal acquisition, classical analysis based on spike and burst detection, and, critically, the characterization of the probability density structure of the signals. This is achieved through the quantification of Gaussianity—expressed as the percentage of segments non-Gaussian (PSNG)—and stationarity— expressed as the percentage of segments non-stationary (PSNE). Results: Initial analyses showed that first-order power spectral density quantifiers lacked the statistical robustness required to effectively describe the complex components of MEA signals. In contrast, PSNG and PSNE demonstrated strong potential in capturing the different stages of neuronal culture development. Cluster analysis further supported the discriminative capacity of these quantifiers. Conclusion: The phase corresponding to decreased neuronal activity and onset of cell death—a biologically critical stage—exhibited the strongest correlation among the studied variables. These results suggest a discernible biological organization and highlight the relevance of PSNG and PSNE as promising tools for assessing neuronal culture dynamics. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to The Brazilian Society of Biomedical Engineering 2025.

关键词： Cell death

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An Empirical Study of Code Pattern Reuse and Pattern Preference Consistency in Novice programmers 23rd

An Empirical Study of Code Pattern Reuse and Pattern Prefe...

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23rd International Conference on Web-Based Learning, ICWL 2024 was held in conjunction with the 9th International Symposium on Emerging Technologies for Education, SETE 2024

作者： Lei, Philip I. S. Mendes, António José Lam, Chan-Tong CISUC Department of Informatics Engineering University of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal Computing Program Macao Polytechnic University Macao SAR China

ISBN: (纸本)9789819644063

After learning the basic features of a programming language, such as expressions and control statements, novice programmers need to combine these features to solve programming questions. Some of these combined code snippets are reusable constructs useful to solve future questions. They are referred to as plans, schemas, or patterns in the literature. An example of such a pattern is determining the equality of three values using the ‘equal and logical and operators. Previous research has investigated the acquisition of these patterns by observing and interviewing novice programmers as they solve programming problems. In this paper, we test the hypothesis that students tend to reuse acquired patterns to solve subsequent problems by analyzing a computer science education dataset called CodeWorkout, which contains students’ code submissions for introductory-level programming questions. We employed directed labeled tree to represent the Abstract Syntax Tree (AST) of the submitted code and the patterns. To search for a pattern, we first applied the subgraph isomorphism algorithm VF2 with wildcard node labels to identify candidate matches, followed by enforcing the proper ordering of descendant nodes between the pattern and the candidate matches. Experimental results demonstrate that our approach effectively identifies common usage of patterns. Moreover, the findings indicate that if a student employs a pattern in one question, they are likely to reuse the same pattern in a subsequent question. This paper also reveals that when multiple alternative patterns exist for the same function, students tend to maintain their preference for a particular alternative while solving different questions. These insights can inform future curriculum design and instructional strategies in programming education. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Students

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Continuous Blood Pressure Estimation Using PPG Signals Without Cuff 6th

Continuous Blood Pressure Estimation Using PPG Signals Witho...

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6th International Conference on Biomedical and Health informatics, ICBHI 2024

作者： Hung, Wen-Kai Sun, Ming-Hsuan Lu, Chi-Jen Chen, Yu-Xian Lin, Yue-Der Master’s Program in the Department of Automatic Control Engineering Feng Chia University Taichung40724 Taiwan Master’s Program of Biomedical Informatics and Biomedical Engineering Feng Chia University Taichung40724 Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9783031863226

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are one of the major global health threats, causing millions of deaths each year. According to data from the World Health Organization, over 500 million people are affected by cardiovascular diseases, resulting in over 20 million deaths in 2021 alone, accounting for about one-third of the total global deaths. Invasive blood pressure measurement methods not only cause discomfort to patients but also pose a risk of infection. Meanwhile, cuffless cuff-based methods cannot provide continuous monitoring. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to develop a cuffless continuous blood pressure measurement system based on photoplethysmography (PPG). By using waveform measurement technology, we aim to provide a more comfortable and safer method for blood pressure monitoring, thereby enhancing the management of cardiovascular diseases. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： Blood pressure

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