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International Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design

作者： P. Antunes M.R.S. Borges J.A. Pino L. Carrico Department of Informatics Universidade de Lisboa Portugal Graduate Program in Informatics Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Brazil Department of Computer Science Universidad de Chile Chile

GOMS is a well-known model that has been successfully used in predicting the performance of human-computer interaction, identifying usability problems and improving user-interface design. The focus of GOMS on the individual user, however, explains why it has not been applied in the groupware context. We were inspired by GOMS to define a model that describes collaborative tasks in a formal way. We illustrate the application of the model by applying it to the design of a collaborative tool for software engineering requirements negotiation.

关键词： Collaborative software Collaborative work Usability Humans Collaboration Collaborative tools Computer architecture informatics Application software Computer science

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Electrokinetic measurements of membrane capacitance and conductance for pancreatic β-cells

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IEE Proceedings: Nanobiotechnology 2005年第6期152卷 189-193页

作者： Pethig, R. Jakubek, L.M. Sanger, R.H. Heart, E. Corson, E.D. Smith, P.J.S. BioCurrents Research Center Program in Molecular Physiology Marine Biological Laboratory Woods Hole MA 02543 United States School of Informatics University of Wales Bangor Gwynedd LL57 1UT United Kingdom Dept. of Molecular and Cell Biology Brown University Providence RI United States

Membrane capacitance and membrane conductance values are reported for insulin secreting cells (primary β-cells and INS-1 insulinoma cells), determined using the methods of dielectrophoresis and electrorotation. The membrane capacitance value of 12.57 (±1.46)mFm-2, obtained for β-cells, and the values from 9.96 (±1.89)mFm-2 to 10.65 (±2.1)mFm-2, obtained for INS-1 cells, fall within the range expected for mammalian cells. The electrorotation results for the INS-1 cells lead to a value of 36 (±22)Sm-2 for the membrane conductance associated with ion channels, if values in the range 2-3nS are assumed for the membrane surface conductance. This membrane conductance value falls within the range reported for INS cells obtained using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. However, the total 'effective' membrane conductance value of 601 (±182) Sm-2 obtained for the INS-1 cells by dielectrophoresis is significantly larger (by a factor of around three) than the values obtained by electrorotation. This could result from an increased membrane surface conductance, or increased passive conduction of ions through membrane pores, induced by the larger electric field stresses experienced by cells in the dielectrophoresis experiments.

关键词： Cell membranes

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A parallel implementation for determining genomic distances under deletion and insertion

A parallel implementation for determining genomic distances ...

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5th International Conference on Computational Science - ICCS 2005

作者： Kolli, Vijaya Smitha Liu, Hui Pan, Michelle Hong Pan, Yi Department of Computer Science Georgia State University Atlanta GA 30303 United States Public Health Informatics Fellow Program Career Development Division Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1600 Clifton Rd Atlanta GA 30333 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9783540260431

As the need for comparing genomes of different species has grown dramatically with the fast progress of the Human Genome Project, the evolution at the level of whole genomes has attracted more and more attention from both biologists and computer scientists. They are especially interested in the scenarios in which the genome evolves through insertions, deletions, and movements of genes along its chromosomes. Marron et al proposed a polynomial-time approximation algorithm to compute (near) minimum edit distances under inversions, deletions, and unrestricted insertions. Our work is based on their algorithm, which carries out lots of comparisons and sorting to calculate the edit distance. These comparisons and sorting are extremely time-consuming, and they result in decrease of computational efficiency. We believe the time of the algorithm can be improved through parallelization. We parallelize their algorithm via OpenMP using Intel C++ compiler for Linux 7.1, and compare three levels of parallelism: coarse grain, fine grain and combination of both. The experiments are conducted for a varying number of threads and different lengths of the gene sequences. The experimental results show that either coarse grain parallelism or fine grain parallelism alone does not improve the performance of the algorithm very much. However, the use of combination of both fine grain and coarse grain parallelism improves the performance of the algorithm drastically. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2005.

关键词： Genes

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E-NOSE response classification of sewage odors by neural networks and fuzzy clustering

E-NOSE response classification of sewage odors by neural net...

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First International Conference on Natural Computation, ICNC 2005

作者： Önkal-Engin, Güleda Demir, Ibrahim Engin, Seref N. Gebze Institute of Technology Department of Environmental Engineering Gebze 41400 Kocaeli Turkey Environmental Informatics and Control Program Warnel School of Forest Resources University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 United States Department of Electrical Engineering Yildiz Technical University 34800 Besiktas Istanbul Turkey

Each stage of the sewage treatment process emits odor causing compounds and these compounds may vary from one location in a sewage treatment works to another. In order to determine the boundaries of legal standards, reliable and efficient odor measurement methods need to be defined. An electronic NOSE equipped with 12 different polypyrrole sensors is used for the purpose of characterizing sewage odors. Samples collected at different locations of a WWTP were classified using a fuzzy clustering technique and a neural network trained with a back-propagation algorithm. © Sringer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2005.

关键词： Sewage treatment

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Developing shared context within group stories

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11th International Workshop on Groupware: Design, Implementation, and Use, CRIWG 2005

作者： Santoro, Flávia Maria Brézillon, Patrick Post-Graduate Program in Informatics NCE and IM Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro PO Box 2324 CEP 20001-970 Rio de Janeiro Brazil School of Applied Informatics Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Av. Pasteur 458 Rio de Janeiro Brazil LIP 6 Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI 8 rue de Capitain Scott Paris France

ISBN: (纸本)3540291105

Eliciting and re-using knowledge within an organization requires a very structured communication process among its employees in order to avoid misunderstanding and confusion. The transfer of knowledge among actors can only be successful if a common interpretative focus and its context are set up. So far, information about the real context that surrounded team's past activities can help their members to better understand situations at hand. In this paper, we argue that a combination of group storytelling technique and a groupware tool can help the elicitation and use of the context shared by a group. Moreover, our main goal is to discuss how groupware can help to structure and formalize the contextual information behind the scenes of a story told by a group, making it easier to understand, interpret and reuse the knowledge intrinsic to it. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2005.

关键词： Knowledge engineering

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Real time spatial cluster detection using interpoint distances among precise patient locations

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BMC Medical informatics and Decision Making 2005年第1期5卷 1-12页

作者： Olson, Karen L. Bonetti, Marco Pagano, Marcello Mandl, Kenneth D. Children's Hospital Informatics Program Children's Hospital Boston Boston MA United States Department of Pediatrics Harvard Medical School Boston MA United States Department of Biostatistics Harvard School of Public Health Boston MA United States Istituto di Metodi Quantitativi Università Bocconi Milano Italy

Background: Public health departments in the United States are beginning to gain timely access to health data, often as soon as one day after a visit to a health care facility. Consequently, new approaches to outbreak surveillance are being developed. When cases cluster geographically, an analysis of their spatial distribution can facilitate outbreak detection. Our method focuses on detecting perturbations in the distribution of pair-wise distances among all patients in a geographical region. Barring outbreaks, this distribution can be quite stable over time. We sought to exemplify the method by measuring its cluster detection performance, and to determine factors affecting sensitivity to spatial clustering among patients presenting to hospital emergency departments with respiratory syndromes. Methods: The approach was to (1) define a baseline spatial distribution of home addresses for a population of patients visiting an emergency department with respiratory syndromes using historical data;(2) develop a controlled feature set simulation by inserting simulated outbreak data with varied parameters into authentic background noise, thereby creating semisynthetic data;(3) compare the observed with the expected spatial distribution;(4) establish the relative value of different alarm strategies so as to maximize sensitivity for the detection of clustering;and (5) measure factors which have an impact on sensitivity. Results: Overall sensitivity to detect spatial clustering was 62%. This contrasts with an overall alarm rate of less than 5% for the same number of extra visits when the extra visits were not characterized by geographic clustering. Clusters that produced the least number of alarms were those that were small in size (10 extra visits in a week, where visits per week ranged from 120 to 472), diffusely distributed over an area with a 3 km radius, and located close to the hospital (5 km) in a region most densely populated with patients to this hospital. Near perfect

关键词： False Alarm Rate Spatial Cluster Home Address Additional Visit Outbreak Detection

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A comparative evaluation of competitive learning algorithms for edge detection enhancement

A comparative evaluation of competitive learning algorithms ...

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13th European Signal Processing Conference, EUSIPCO 2005

作者： Sirin, Tuba Saglam, Mehmet Izzet Erer, Isin Gokmen, Muhittin Ersoy, Okan Informatics Institute Advanced Technologies in Engineering Computer Science and Engineering Maslak Istanbul 34469 Turkey Informatics Institute Advanced Technologies in Engineering Satellite Communication and Remote Sensing Program Maslak Istanbul 34469 Turkey Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Electronics and Communication Department Maslak Istanbul 34469 Turkey Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Computer Engineering Department Istanbul Technical University Maslak Istanbul 34469 Turkey Purdue University School of Electrical and Computer Engineering West Lafayette IN United States

ISBN: (纸本)1604238216

Most edge detection algorithms include three main stages: smoothing, differentiation, and labeling. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of algorithms in which competitive learning is applied first to enhance edges, followed by an edge detector to locate the edges. In this way, more detailed and relatively more unbroken edges can be found as compared to the results when an edge detector is applied alone. The algorithms compared are K-Means, SOM and SOGR for clustering, and Canny and GED for edge detection. Perceptionally, best results were obtained with the GED-SOGR algorithm. The SOGR is also considerably simpler and faster than the SOM algorithm.

关键词： Edge detection

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Edge detection in multispectral remote sensing images

Edge detection in multispectral remote sensing images

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RAST 2005 - 2nd International Conference on Recent Advances in Space Technologies

作者： Sirin, Tuba Saglam, Mehmet Izzet Erer, Isin Gökmen, Muhittin Ersoy, Okan Istanbul Technical University Informatics Institute Advanced Technologies in Engineering Maslak/Istanbul Turkey Istanbul Technical University Informatics Institute Satellite Communication and Remote Sensing Program Maslak/Istanbul Turkey Istanbul Technical University Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Electronics and Communication Department Maslak/Istanbul Turkey Istanbul Technical University Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Computer Engineering Department Maslak/Istanbul Turkey Purdue University School of Electrical and Computer Engineering West Lafayette IN United States

ISBN: (纸本)0780389778

In this paper, we discuss edge detection by first using a clustering algorithm followed by a known edge detection filter such as Canny or Generalized Edge Detector (GED). We developed a new clustering method called Self-Organizing Global Ranking (SOGR). Comparative results with multispectral satellite images including SOGR, SOM and K-Means clustering methods are discussed. The results show that the two-stage algorithms are better than single stage edge detector algorithms. © 2005 IEEE.

关键词： Edge detection

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Handling missing attribute values in preterm birth data sets

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10th International Conference on Rough Sets, Fuzzy Sets, Data Mining, and Granular Computing, RSFDGrC 2005

作者： Grzymala-Busse, Jerzy W. Goodwin, Linda K. Grzymala-Busse, Witold J. Zheng, Xinqun Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Kansas Lawrence KS 66045 United States Institute of Computer Science Polish Academy of Sciences 01-237 Warsaw Poland Nursing Informatics Program Duke University Durham NC 27710 United States Filterlogix Lawrence KS 66049 United States

ISBN: (纸本)3540286608

The objective of our research was to find the best approach to handle missing attribute values in data sets describing preterm birth provided by the Duke University. Five strategies were used for filling in missing attribute values, based on most common values and closest fit for symbolic attributes, averages for numerical attributes, and a special approach to induce only certain rules from specified information using the MLEM2 approach. The final conclusion is that the best strategy was to use the global most common method for symbolic attributes and the global average method for numerical attributes. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2005.

关键词： Data handling

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Calculating genomic distances in parallel using OpenMP 1

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International Workshop on Bioinformatics Research and Applications, IWBRA 2005

作者： Kolli, Vijaya Smitha Liu, Hui He, Jieyue Pan, Michelle Hong Pan, Yi Department of Computer Science Georgia State University Atlanta GA 30303 United States Department of Computer Science Southeast University Nanjing Jiangsu China Public Health Informatics Fellow Program Career Development Division Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1600 Clifton Rd. Atlanta GA 30333 United States

ISBN: (数字)9783540316619

ISBN: (纸本)3540294015

By finding the corresponding shortest edit distance between two signed gene permutations, we can know the smallest number of insertions, deletions, and inversions required to change on string of genes into another, where insertion, deletion and inversion are the process of genome evolutions. However, it is NP-hard problem to compute the edit distance between two genomes. Marron et al proposed a polynomial-time approximation algorithm to compute (near) minimum edit distances under inversions, deletions, and unrestricted insertions. Our work is based on Marron's et al algorithm, which carries out lots of comparisons and sorting to calculate the edit distance. These comparisons and sorting are extremely time-consuming, and they result in the decrease of the efficiency. We believe the efficiency of the algorithm can be improved by parallelizing. We parallelize their algorithm via OpenMP on Intel C++ compiler for Linux 7.1, and compare three levels of parallelism: coarse grain, fine grain and combination of both. The experiments are conducted for a varying number of threads and length of the gene sequences. The experimental results have shown that either coarse grain parallelism or fine grain parallelism alone does not improve the performance of the algorithm very much, however, the combination of both fine grain and coarse grain parallelism have improve the performance to a great extent. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2005.

关键词： Genes

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