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Multiple dimensions of affix spelling complexity: analyzing the performance of children with dyslexia and typically developing controls

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READING AND WRITING 2023年第9期36卷 2373-2407页

作者： Schiff, Rachel Levy-Shimon, Shani Sasson, Ayelet Kimel, Ella Ravid, Dorit Bar Ilan Univ Haddad Ctr Dyslexia & Learning Disabil Sch Educ Learning Disabil Studies IL-52900 Ramat Gan Israel David Yellin Acad Coll Educ Learning Disabil Studies MA Program Jerusalem Israel Bar Ilan Univ English Foreign Language IL-52900 Ramat Gan Israel Tel Aviv Univ Sch Educ Tel Aviv Israel

This study examined affix letter spelling among 6th grade Hebrew-speaking children with dyslexia compared with chronologically age-matched and reading level-matched controls. As different languages are characterized by multiple dimensions of affix spelling complexity, we specifically targeted the following unique dimensions relevant to Hebrew: (i) affix envelope transparency;(ii) affix letter prevalence;(iii) internal morpho-phonological competition;(iv) overtness of the phonological-orthographic link;and (v) phono-morpho-orthographic consistency. The research instrument was a spelling task of 244 words containing affix letters, covering all non-root morphological roles, both inflectional and derivational. Results show that for both frequent and infrequent words, 6th graders with dyslexia perform similarly to reading age-matched controls when spelling involves morphological competition or when the phonological morphological and orthographic link is inconsistent. In frequent words the similarity in performance between the groups extends to the overt phonology criterion as well. In addition, 6th graders with dyslexia were assisted by affix letter prevalence but not by demarcation of the affix envelope, compared with reading age-matched controls. Regarding these criteria, the discrepancy between regular and irregular affix spelling was different between dyslexic children and non-dyslexic controls. These findings indicate that morphological knowledge in dyslexia is not a unified system, and while some morpho-orthographic regularities are acquired more easily, other morpho-orthographic regularities are quite challenging.

关键词： Spelling Affix Dyslexia Morphology Word frequency

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Supporting children's place-based observations and explanations using collaboration scripts while learning-on-the-move outdoors

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTER-SUPPORTED COLLABORATIVE learning 2022年第1期17卷 107-134页

作者： Zimmerman, Heather Toomey Land, Susan M. Penn State Univ Learning Design & Technol Program 304 Keller Bldg University Pk PA 16802 USA

Our research conducted two iterations of a mixed methods design-based research project with 87 youths, to improve learners' collaboration and knowledge-building by using collaboration scripts during learning-on-the-move within a mobile computing intervention. We investigated how the informal mobile augmented reality app influenced children's science knowledge related to tree life cycles and how the mobile learning intervention shaped children's collaborative sense-making, which involved coordinating sensory observations with explanations as they walked through forested areas of a nature center. Iteration A included four scripts to support collaborative sense-making and knowledge-building, and Iteration B included two additional scripts to support learning regulation. Our results showed significant, large gains in science content scores between pre- and post-assessment for the children in both iterations;however, no difference in learners' knowledge gain was found when comparing Iterations A and B. We qualitatively coded video-records of 39 small groups to understand children's sense-making related to observational and explanation practices. Iteration B groups, who were provided with two additional collaboration scripts, were better able to engage in collaborative sense-making and peer negotiation as they coordinated observational evidence with explanations of tree life cycle stages. Study implications include when designing out-of-school-time experiences, collaboration scripts can guide complex scientific sense-making that includes observation and explanation when children are learning-on-the-move.

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Developing and evaluating an instrument to assess perceptions of an entry-level physician associate doctoral degree

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BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2022年第1期22卷 1-13页

作者： Jun, Hyun-Jin Gordes, Karen L. Fleming, Shani Kulo, Violet Cawley, James F. Kayingo, Gerald Univ Maryland Grad Sch Hlth Profess Educ Phys Assistant Leadership & Learning Acad Baltimore MD 21201 USA Univ Maryland Phys Assistant Leadership & Learning Acad UMB Phys Assistant Program Grad Sch Baltimore MD 21201 USA Univ Maryland Phys Assistant Leadership & Learning Acad Grad Sch Baltimore MD 21201 USA

Background Most health professions in the United States have adopted clinical or practice doctorates, sparking an ongoing debate on whether physician assistants/associates (PAs) should transition from a master's to a doctorate as the terminal degree for the profession. Although more studies are anticipated, there is no validated instrument assessing perceptions of various stakeholders regarding an entry-level PA doctoral degree. The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate a novel self-report measure to assess perceptions of an entry-level PA doctoral degree. Methods A multifaceted, mixed-methods approach was adopted. Based on a comprehensive literature review of the doctoral transition experiences in other health professions, an initial version of perceptions of an entry-level terminal PA doctoral degree scale (PEDDS) was generated. This scale was pilot tested with a group of PA faculty, students, and clinicians. Then, a cross-sectional survey consisting of 67 items was conducted with a national random sample of practicing PAs and PA students. Additionally, semi-structured interviews were conducted to ensure the validity of PEDDS. A principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted to reduce the number of items and reveal the underlying structure of PEDDS. Results The PCA confirmed 10 factors of PEDDS consisting of 53 items as the best-fit factor structure with adequate internal consistency of subscales. Those factors include a) expected positive impact on the PA profession, b) expected impact on prerequisites, (c) expected impact on the student preparedness as PA faculty and educators, (d) expected impact on the student preparedness as clinicians, (e) expected impact on accreditation and certification, (f) expected impact on curriculum, (g) expected impact on PA educators, (h) expected positive impact on diversity, (i) expected negative impact on the PA profession, and (j) expected impact on the student competency. Conclusions The present study highlight

关键词： Health professions education Measures Instrument Perceptions Entry-level doctoral degree Physician assistants associates

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How to "Unboxing" Gamer Competencies: Via Systematic Literature Reviews to get Analytical Framework is workable? 31

How to "Unboxing" Gamer Competencies: Via Systematic Literat...

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31st International Conference on Computers in Education, ICCE 2023

作者： Chang, Tieh-Huai Mingfong, J.A.N. Cross College Elite Tech Program National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology Taiwan Graduate Institute of Learning and Instruction National Central University Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9786269689026

The long-term lack of structural resources in game studies has been a constant obstacle preventing researchers from academicizing video game community knowledge and gamer competence (Lin, 2011). The difficulty lies in the fact that one cannot make bricks without straw. Each paper on game research is like a piece of brick, without a sufficient amount of bricks, it is naturally difficult to produce a relatively large-scale structure. Such a predicament is interrelated and affect one another. Nowadays, a certain number of studies on gamer competence has accumulated in various fields such as neuroscience, communications, psychology, sociology, and pedagogy, however, a coordinate system for gamer competence in the academic circle of game studies has yet to be established. Based on this, this paper uses the document analysis method to propose a two-dimensional analytical framework for classifying current gamers’ competencies. The results are presented according to a systematic review, which specifically points out the literature gaps and research method breakthroughs in each quadrant, providing a reference for relevant studies when choosing a research topic or focusing on a research path. To conclude, this paper uses a graphical framework to compile the current state of player competence at this stage, so that subsequent researchers can locate their own point of focus and relative position, making it easier for discussion and focus in their respective area of exploration. © 2023 Asia-Pacific Society for Computers in Education.

关键词： Brick

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Cybersecurity Matters for Primary School Students: A Scoping Review of the Trends, Challenges, and Opportunities

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON learning TECHNOLOGIES 2025年 18卷 513-529页

作者： Xu, Yukun Li, Hui Stanford Univ Learning Design & Technol Program Stanford CA 94305 USA Educ Univ Hong Kong Dept Early Childhood Educ Hong Kong Peoples R China Macquarie Univ Sydney NSW 2109 Australia Shanghai Normal Univ Shanghai 200234 Peoples R China

Primary school students, despite their vulnerability to cyberattacks, lack targeted cybersecurity education. Using Scopus and Google Scholar, this scoping review analyzed 15 articles (2014-2024) following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines to examine the landscape of cybersecurity education for this age group. Four key themes emerged: educational tools and methods, theoretical perspectives on online risks, parental engagement, and children's online behaviors and risks. Findings revealed that while students possess some awareness, their understanding is often superficial, leading to overconfidence and risky online practices. A disconnect was observed between parents and teachers regarding responsibility and effective safety practices. Furthermore, limited implementation and outdated resources hinder the effectiveness of promising pedagogical approaches such as digital games and interactive platforms. This review highlights the urgent need for comprehensive cybersecurity education fostering critical thinking and stakeholder collaboration. It provides practical implications for educators, parents, and policymakers to promote a culture of online safety alongside recommendations for future research.

关键词： Computer security Education Aging Training Systematic literature review Internet Digital intelligence Cyberbullying Computer crime Market research Cybersecurity education digital literacy online risks parental engagement primary school students

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Mapping the Future of Intersectional Research in Human Resource Development: An Integrated Literature Review

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HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT REVIEW 2023年第4期22卷 554-581页

作者： Sim, Eunbi Jeong, Shinhee Univ Georgia Learning Leadership & Orga Dev Program Athens GA USA Texas State Univ Adult Profess & Community Educ Program San Marcos TX USA Univ Georgia 850 Coll Stn Rd Athens GA 30602 USA

This study critically reviews intersectional research (IR) published in the Academy of Human Resource Development (AHRD) journals and presents a framework for future work in IR. First, we identified 10 IR approaches from previous literature and classified them into four perspectives: conceptual, category-based, alternative philosophy-based, and alternative analysis-based perspectives. Utilizing the framework, we found that the majority of IR in HRD has (a) drawn on an intra-categorical approach, (b) focused on the intersection of gender and race, (c) centered on the United States context, and (d) depended on qualitative research methodology. We also examined the IR trends in HRD over time and observed that IR has recently incorporated more diverse approaches and identities and has explored some non-US contexts. To advance IR and better understand the complexity of intersectionality at work, future research needs to continue diversifying research approaches, methods, subjects, and contexts.

关键词： intersectional research intersectionality integrative literature review critical human resource development

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Gray matter volume differences between early bilinguals and monolinguals: A study of children and adults

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HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING 2022年第16期43卷 4817-4834页

作者： Schug, Alison K. Brignoni-Perez, Edith Jamal, Nasheed I. Eden, Guinevere F. Georgetown Univ Dept Pediat Cetr Study Learning Med Ctr Washington DC 20057 USA Georgetown Univ Interdisciplinary Program Neurosci Washington DC USA

Gray matter has been shown to be greater in early bilingual adults relative to monolingual adults in regions associated with language (Mechelli et al., 2004), and executive control (EC;Olulade et al., 2016). It is not known, however, if language experience-dependent differences in gray matter volume (GMV) exist in children. Further, any such differences are likely not to be the same as those observed in early bilingual adults, as children have had relatively shorter duration of dual-language exposure and/or less development of brain regions serving EC. We tested these predictions by comparing GMV in Spanish-English early bilingual and English monolingual children, and Spanish-English early bilingual and English monolingual adults (n = 122). Comparing only children revealed relatively more GMV in the bilinguals in bilateral frontal, right inferior frontal, and right superior parietal cortices (regions associated with EC). Bilinguals, however, had less GMV in left inferior parietal cortex (region associated with language). An ANOVA including these children with bilingual and monolingual adults revealed interactions of Language Background by Age Group. There were no regions of more GMV in bilinguals relative to monolinguals that were less pronounced in children than adults, despite the children's shorter dual-language experience. There were relative differences between bilingual and monolingual children that were more pronounced than those in adults in left precentral gyrus and right superior parietal lobule (close to, but not directly in areas associated with EC). Together, early bilingual children manifest relative differences in GMV, and, surprisingly, these do not diverge much from those observed in studies of bilingual adults.

关键词： children GMV Spanish-English bilingual VBM

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Fetal hypoplastic lungs have multilineage inflammation that is reversed by amniotic fluid stem cell extracellular vesicle treatment

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SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024年第30期10卷 eadn5405页

作者： Antounians, Lina Figueira, Rebeca Lopes Kukreja, Bharti Litvack, Michael L. Zani-Ruttenstock, Elke Khalaj, Kasra Montalva, Louise Doktor, Fabian Obed, Mikal Blundell, Matisse Wu, Taiyi Chan, Cadia Wagner, Richard Lacher, Martin Wilson, Michael D. Post, Martin Kalish, Brian T. Zani, Augusto Hosp Sick Children Peter Gilgan Ctr Res & Learning Dev & Stem Cell Biol Program Toronto ON M5G 0A4 Canada Hosp Sick Children Div Gen & Thorac Surg Toronto ON M5G 1X8 Canada Hosp Sick Children Peter Gilgan Ctr Res & Learning Neurosci & Mental Hlth Program Toronto ON M5G 0A4 Canada Hosp Sick Children Peter Gilgan Ctr Res & Learning Translat Med Program Toronto ON M5G 0A4 Canada Hosp Sick Children Peter Gilgan Ctr Res & Learning Genet & Genome Biol Program Toronto ON M5G 0A4 Canada Univ Toronto Dept Mol Genet Toronto ON M5S 1A8 Canada Univ Leipzig Dept Pediat Surg D-04109 Leipzig Germany Univ Toronto Lab Med & Pathobiol Toronto ON M5T 1P5 Canada Hosp Sick Children Div Neonatol Toronto ON M5G 1X8 Canada Univ Toronto Dept Surg Toronto ON M5T 1P5 Canada

Antenatal administration of extracellular vesicles from amniotic fluid stem cells (AFSC-EVs) reverses features of pulmonary hypoplasia in models of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). However, it remains unknown which lung cellular compartments and biological pathways are affected by AFSC-EV therapy. Herein, we conducted single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) on rat fetal CDH lungs treated with vehicle or AFSC-EVs. We identified that intra-amniotically injected AFSC-EVs reach the fetal lung in rats with CDH, where they promote lung branching morphogenesis and epithelial cell differentiation. Moreover, snRNA-seq revealed that rat fetal CDH lungs have a multilineage inflammatory signature with macrophage enrichment, which is reversed by AFSC-EV treatment. Macrophage enrichment in CDH fetal rat lungs was confirmed by immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, and inhibition studies with GW2580. Moreover, we validated macrophage enrichment in human fetal CDH lung autopsy samples. Together, this study advances knowledge on the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypoplasia and further evidence on the value of an EV-based therapy for CDH fetuses.

关键词： Macrophages

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Subtype-specific role for Jagged1 in promoting or inhibiting breast tumor formation

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ONCOGENESIS 2025年第1期14卷 1-10页

作者： Chung, Wen-Cheng Wang, Wei Challagundla, Lavanya Moore, Charles D. Egan, Sean E. Xu, Keli Univ Mississippi Dept Cell & Mol Biol Med Ctr Jackson MS 39216 USA Univ Mississippi Canc Ctr & Res Inst Med Ctr Jackson MS 39216 USA Hosp Sick Children Peter Gilgan Ctr Res & Learning Program Cell Biol Toronto ON Canada

Notch signaling is altered in breast cancer. Recent studies highlighted both tumor-suppressive and oncogenic roles for Notch in this tissue. The function of Jagged1, the most highly expressed Notch ligand in the mammary gland, is not well defined. Here we report that deletion of Jagged1 in the mammary epithelium of virgin mice led to expansion of the mammary stem cell (MaSC) compartment and defective luminal differentiation associated with decreased expression of the progesterone receptor (PR). In contrast, deletion of Jagged1 in alveolar cells of pregnant mice had no effect on alveolar and lactogenic differentiation or post-lactational involution. Interestingly, deletion of Jagged1 promoted mouse mammary tumor formation from luminal cells but suppressed them from basal cells, associated with downregulation of Notch target genes Hey1 and Hey2, respectively. In agreement with mouse experiments, high expression of JAG1 and HEY1 are associated with better overall survival among patients with luminal tumors, whereas high expression of JAG1 and HEY2 are both associated with worse overall survival in basal subtype of human breast cancer. These results identified Jagged1 as an important regulator of mammary epithelial hierarchy and revealed differential roles of Jagged1-mediated Notch signaling in different subtypes of breast cancer arising from distinct cell types.

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The impact of learning support facilitated by a robot and IoT-based tangible objects on children's game-based language learning

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COMPUTER ASSISTED LANGUAGE learning 2024年第7期37卷 2142-2173页

作者： Cheng, Ya-Wen Wang, Yuping Cheng, Yu-Jie Chen, Nian-Shing Asia Univ Dept Early Childhood Educ Taichung Taiwan Griffith Univ Sch Language & Linguist Nathan Australia Natl Sun Yat sen Univ Dept Informat Management Kaohsiung Taiwan Natl Taiwan Normal Univ Inst Res Excellence Learning Sci Taipei Taiwan Natl Taiwan Normal Univ Program Learning Sci Taipei Taiwan

Existing research has established immense importance in contextual learning for second language development. However, to provide real-life context in the learning of a foreign language is challenging. To help create such a learning environment, our previous research developed an innovative system called the R&T System, utilizing robots (R) and tangible objects (T) with Internet of Things (IoT sensors). As the R&T system is still new, there is no sufficient knowledge about what learning obstacles learners would encounter in such a context-rich environment and how best to support them. To explore these issues, in the current study, we designed an English vocabulary game to engage learners to interact with the R&T System. Adopting an action research methodology, we first conducted a pilot study with 12, fourth grade students to identify learning obstacles in a game setting. They were randomly assigned to two groups, one with learning support and the other without learning support. The experiment lasted for four weeks. Both pre-test and post-test on English vocabulary were used to measure the effectiveness of these learning support mechanisms. From the video recordings of the participants' engagement with the R&T System, the results reveal that the learning support mechanisms had positive impact on the participants' learning performance and significantly reduced the occurrences of learning obstacles. This research could serve as a useful reference for future research when designing learning support for contextual vocabulary learning supported by a robotic system.

关键词： learning support IoT-based tangible toys educational robot robot facilitate language learning

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