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The Call to Teach Without a "Call" to Teach

STUDIES IN PHILOSOPHY AND EDUCATION 2023年第1期42卷 109-113页

作者： Moon, Seungho Loyola Univ Chicago Sch Educ Teaching & Learning Program Chicago IL 60660 USA

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A Longitudinal Ecological Study of How Unemployment and University Proximity Shaped Adult Community College Enrollment in Arkansas from 1999 Through 2018

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COMMUNITY COLLEGE JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2025年第7期49卷 485-496页

作者： Roessger, Kevin M. Parker, Daniel Hevel, Michael S. Weese, James Hughart-Thomas, Aubree Univ Arkansas RHRC Fayetteville AR USA Digital Promise Learning Sci Res Washington DC USA Univ Arkansas Higher Educ Program Fayetteville AR USA Univ Arkansas RHRC Grad Educ BldgRoom 159 Fayetteville AR 72701 USA

We examined how unemployment and proximity to public universities affected the rate of adult (25+) enrollment in public two-year community colleges in Arkansas between 1999 and 2008. To examine how the proliferation of online education may have introduced competition for place-bound adult students, we also examined how unemployment effects changed over time. Generalized estimating equations were used to create growth models from state and national data for all 75 Arkansas counties between 1999 and 2018. Results illustrated that unemployment was positively associated with the overall rate of adults attending community colleges, but its effect varied over time. From 1999 to 2008, higher unemployment amplified the rate of adult participation, whereas from 2009 to 2012 higher unemployment attenuated the rate. Between 2013 and 2018, unemployment was unrelated to the rate of adult community college enrollment. Relatedly, closer proximity to a university was associated with an overall lower rate of adult community college enrollment. Findings suggest that the traditional relationship between unemployment and adult community college enrollment may have changed due to increased access to degree options, specifically online programs offered by for-profit and public universities that target place-based adults. The unprecedented expansion of online education between 1999 and 2010 may have removed university proximity barriers and disrupted community colleges' longstanding enrollment-driven revenue models tied to economic cycles.

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Stealth democracy and the school board trustee

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CANADIAN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION-ADMINISTRATION PUBLIQUE DU CANADA 2022年第4期65卷 719-728页

作者： Piscitelli, Anthony Perrella, Andrea Conestoga Coll Inst Technol & Adv Learning Publ Serv Program Sch Interdisciplinary Studies Kitchener ON Canada Wilfrid Laurier Univ Waterloo ON Canada

The value of elected school board trustees has been a topic of debate. Several provinces in Canada have already eliminated them, with Manitoba currently considering abolishing them as well. Whether this is supported-or opposed-by the public is somewhat unknown. This research note reports the results of a survey of Ontario residents. We find that while two-thirds of respondents support retaining trustees, there are factors that pull people more towards favouring their elimination. Support for trustees is significantly lower for males, younger respondents, and those on the political right.

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The combination of segmentation and self-explanation to enhance video-based learning

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ACTIVE learning IN HIGHER EDUCATION 2024年第2期25卷 285-302页

作者： Zheng, Hua Branch, Robert Maribe Ding, Lu Kim, Dongho Jung, Eulho Lu, Zhenqiu Li, Tong Pan, Zilong Yoon, Meehyun Charles R Drew Univ Med & Sci 1621 E 120th St Los Angeles CA 90059 USA Univ Georgia Learning Design & Technol Athens GA 30602 USA Univ S Alabama Instruct Design & Dev Program Mobile AL USA Sungkyunkwan Univ Seoul South Korea Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci Sch Med Bethesda MD 20814 USA Univ Georgia Coll Educ Program Quantitat Methodol Athens GA 30602 USA Ball State Univ Emerging Media Design & Dev Program Muncie IN 47306 USA Lehigh Univ Teaching Learning & Technol Program Bethlehem PA 18015 USA Chungbuk Natl Univ Dept Educ 1 Chungdae Ro Cheongju 28644 Chungcheongbuk South Korea

This study examined the effects of an integrated approach that combines segmentation and self-explanation designs on learner achievement for meaningful video-based learning. This was a pretest-posttest research design with a sample size of 121 participants randomly assigned to one of four different types of video instructions (continuous, segmentation, self-explanation, or the combination of segmentation and self-explanation). Participants engaged in video instruction that used either a continuous video or segmented video clips and incorporated either self-explanation prompts or no self-explanation prompts. The results showed that participants in the combination and segmentation conditions outperformed those in the continuous condition in evaluation ability, and participants in the combination condition outperformed those in the continuous condition in the overall performance after controlling for prior knowledge. The current study indicates that the combined design can effectively facilitate student learning by engaging them in meaningful video-based learning.

关键词： segmentation self-explanation video-based learning

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Self-directed learners’ perceptions and experiences of learning computer science through MIT open courseware

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Open learning 2022年第4期37卷 370-385页

作者： Zhu, Meina Kadirova, Dilnoza Learning Design and Technology Program Wayne State University Detroit MI United States Instructional Systems Technology Indiana University Bloomington IN United States

Given the rapid rise of open educational resources (OER) for informal learning pursuits impacting countless millions of people each day around the world, this study investigated the impact of the initiative that spearheaded this movement;namely, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) open courseware (OCW). More specifically, it explored self-directed learners’ perceptions of the impact of the MIT OCW, their social presences and cognitive presences while learning through MIT OCW online instructional videos. The data source of this study was learner comments regarding 23 instructional videos found in YouTube. Thematic analysis and computer-mediated discourse analysis (CMDA) were used for data analysis. The results indicated that the impact of the MIT OCW served as the first step for career development and important educational decisions of myriad learners that served to benefit MIT programmes with future applicants. In addition, YouTube comments of the self-directed learners reflected a relatively lower social presence and higher cognitive presence compared to general social media. Meanwhile, self-directed learners encountered challenges such as technology issues, non-engaging teaching methods, and social learning needs. Perhaps the future OER and OCW development will, in fact, be designed for a more interactive and engaging experience for the self-directed learners of this world. © 2020 The Open University.

关键词： cognitive presence community of inquiry computer science education MIT open course ware OER social presence

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Shifts of epistemic agency between children and parents during making at museum-based makerspace

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENCE EDUCATION PART B-COMMUNICATION AND PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT 2023年第1期13卷 1-17页

作者： Jung, Yong Ju Whalen, Devon Purington Zimmerman, Heather Toomey Univ Oklahoma Sch Lib & Informat Studies 401 W BrooksRoom 120 Norman OK 73019 USA Penn State Univ Learning Design & Technol Program University Pk PA 16802 USA

Epistemic agency is situated within social, cultural, and material contexts of learning. Making and inventing supports children's and families' creative thinking, problem-solving, and knowledge construction, through which they are positioned as active knowledge agents and their epistemic agency is represented. This article examines how the epistemic agency of children and parents shifted as they engaged in making activities in a museum-based makerspace. Through video-based, multimodal interaction analysis of thirteen cases, our findings demonstrate moment-by-moment transition patterns between child-led, parent-led, and equally-distributed epistemic agency. Our findings also show how these epistemic agency shifts emerged through the families' embodied interactions. By doing so, we reveal that (a) the lead epistemic agent role shifted over time during the inventing experience and (b) the epistemic agency of a parent and a child were relative to each other. This study contributes to the theoretical understanding of epistemic agency in situ during collaborative making activities as a fluid phenomenon as well as provides practical implications for museum-based makerspaces to support parent-child knowledge-building interactions during inventing.

关键词： Epistemic agency makerspace family learning informal learning interaction analysis

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NeuroXAI: Adaptive, robust, explainable surrogate framework for determination of channel importance in EEG application

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EXPERT SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATIONS 2025年 261卷

作者： Lee, Choel-Hui Ahn, Daesun Kim, Hakseung Ha, Eun Jin Kim, Jung-Bin Kim, Dong-Joo Korea Univ Dept Brain & Cognit Engn Seoul 02841 South Korea MIT Picower Inst Learning & Memory Cambridge MA 02139 USA Korea Univ Coll Med Dept Neurol Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Hosp Dept Crit Care Med Seoul South Korea Korea Univ Interdisciplinary Program Precis Publ Hlth Seoul South Korea

Electroencephalogram (EEG)-based applications often require numerous channels to achieve high performance, which limits their widespread use. Various channel selection methods have been proposed to identify minimum EEG channels without compromising performance. However, most methods are limited to specific data paradigms or prediction models. We propose NeuroXAI, a novel method that identifies channel importance regardless of the type of EEG application. It integrates the surrogate analysis algorithm to optimize EEG signals and the data sampling algorithm, which effectively selects from highly voluminous EEG data. The efficacy of channel selection via the proposed method was evaluated through three datasets acquired under different paradigms (motor imagery, steady-state visually evoked potentials, and event-related potentials). On datasets based on these paradigms, NeuroXAI-based channel selection reduced the number of channels while maintaining or enhancing performance. The advantages of the proposed method include enhanced performance, robustness over varying data paradigms and the type of prediction model. The XAI technique enables intuitive interpretation of the constructed model operation, making it applicable in various fields such as model debugging and model interpretation. NeuroXAI has the potential to be used as a practical tool to develop better EEG applications.

关键词： Channel selection Brain-computer interface (BCI) Electroencephalogram (EEG) Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) Surrogate analysis

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The spectrin cytoskeleton integrates endothelial mechanoresponses

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NATURE CELL BIOLOGY 2022年第8期24卷 1226-+页

作者： Mylvaganam, Sivakami Plumb, Jonathan Yusuf, Bushra Li, Ren Lu, Chien-Yi Robinson, Lisa A. Freeman, Spencer A. Grinstein, Sergio Hosp Sick Children Peter Gilgan Ctr Res & Learning Program Cell Biol Toronto ON Canada Univ Toronto Dept Biochem Toronto ON Canada Univ Toronto Inst Med Sci Toronto ON Canada

Physiological blood flow induces the secretion of vasoactive compounds, notably nitric oxide, and promotes endothelial cell elongation and reorientation parallel to the direction of applied shear. How shear is sensed and relayed to intracellular effectors is incompletely understood. Here, we demonstrate that an apical spectrin network is essential to convey the force imposed by shear to endothelial mechanosensors. By anchoring CD44, spectrins modulate the cell surface density of hyaluronan and sense and translate shear into changes in plasma membrane tension. Spectrins also regulate the stability of apical caveolae, where the mechanosensitive PIEZO1 channels are thought to reside. Accordingly, shear-induced PIEZO1 activation and the associated calcium influx were absent in spectrin-deficient cells. As a result, cell realignment and flow-induced endothelial nitric oxide synthase stimulation were similarly dependent on spectrin. We conclude that the apical spectrin network is not only required for shear sensing but also transmits and distributes the resulting tensile forces to mechanosensors that elicit protective and vasoactive responses. Mylvaganam et al. report that an apical spectrin network in endothelial cells can transmit mechanical forces in response to shear flow-induced stress, requiring hyaluronic acid and involving PIEZO1.

关键词： Blood flow Calcium signalling Mechanotransduction Membrane structure and assembly

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Virtual Communities of Practice to Promote Digital Agriculturists' learning Competencies and learning Engagement: Conceptual Framework

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED COMPUTER SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS 2022年第9期13卷 523-528页

作者： Manyuen, Maneerat Boonlue, Surapon Neanchaleay, Jariya Nittayathammakul, Vitsanu King Mongkuts Univ Technol Thonburi Fac Ind Educ & Technol Div Learning Innovat & Technol Bangkok Thailand King Mongkuts Univ Technol Thonburi Fac Ind Educ & Technol Dept Educ Commun & Technol Bangkok Thailand Rajamangala Univ Technol Suvarnabhumi Fac Ind Educ Program Learning Innovat Suphanburi Thailand

Communities of Practice (VCoPs) are networks of people who share a common interest and a desire to learn together in the same domain via ICT. The limitations of the existing concepts for developing VCoPs in general contexts are not explained in terms of the integration between virtual learning technologies and digital learning strategies used to promote expected learning outcomes in the agricultural sector. This research aims to propose the conceptual framework for developing the Virtual Communities of Practice through Digital Inquiry (VCoPs-DI Model) to promote digital agriculturists' learning competencies and engagement. The research methodology was divided into three stages: the first stage involves a literature review for document analysis and synthesis, the second stage involves constructing the conceptual framework, and the third stage involves evaluating the content validity index. The key results showed that the developed conceptual framework has three parts: (1) The fundamentals of concept formation were divided into four concept bases: (1.1) Communities of Practice (CoPs), (1.2) Virtual learning Environments (VLEs), (1.3) Digital learning Resources (DLRs), and (1.4) Critical Inquiry Method;(2) The identification of the manipulated variable was divided into two compositions: (2.1) VCoPs and (2.2) Digital Inquiry (DI);(3) The identification of the dependent variable was divided into two compositions: (3.1) Digital agriculturists' learning competencies, and (3.2) learning engagement. Findings from an expert's review show that the scale levels of the content validity index (SCVI) were 0.958. We anticipate that our conceptual framework could be used for reference as part of the design and development of the VCoPs model to promote learning in the agricultural sector.

关键词： VCoPs digital inquiry digital agriculture learning competencies learning engagement

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Pressure sensing of lysosomes enables control of TFEB responses in macrophages

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NATURE CELL BIOLOGY 2024年第8期26卷 1247-1260页

作者： Cai, Ruiqi Scott, Ori Ye, Gang Le, Trieu Saran, Ekambir Kwon, Whijin Inpanathan, Subothan Sayed, Blayne A. Botelho, Roberto J. Saric, Amra Uderhardt, Stefan Freeman, Spencer A. Hosp Sick Children Program Cell Biol Toronto ON Canada Hosp Sick Children Peter Gilgan Ctr Res & Learning Toronto ON Canada Toronto Metropolitan Univ Dept Chem & Biol Toronto ON Canada Toronto Metropolitan Univ Mol Sci Grad Program Toronto ON Canada Eunice Kennedy Shriver Natl Inst Child Hlth & Huma Neurosci & Cellular & Struct Biol Div NIH Bethesda MD USA Hosp Sick Children Peter Gilgan Ctr Res & Learning Program Neurosci & Mental Hlth Toronto ON Canada Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Univ Klinikum Erlangen Dept Internal Med Rheumatol & Immunol Erlangen Germany Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Univ Klinikum Erlangen Deutsch Zentrum Immuntherapie Erlangen Germany Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Opt Imaging Ctr Erlangen Exploratory Res Unit Erlangen Germany Univ Toronto Dept Biochem Toronto ON Canada

Polymers are endocytosed and hydrolysed by lysosomal enzymes to generate transportable solutes. While the transport of diverse organic solutes across the plasma membrane is well studied, their necessary ongoing efflux from the endocytic fluid into the cytosol is poorly appreciated by comparison. Myeloid cells that employ specialized types of endocytosis, that is, phagocytosis and macropinocytosis, are highly dependent on such transport pathways to prevent the build-up of hydrostatic pressure that otherwise offsets lysosomal dynamics including vesiculation, tubulation and fission. Without undergoing rupture, we found that lysosomes incurring this pressure owing to defects in solute efflux, are unable to retain luminal Na+, which collapses its gradient with the cytosol. This cation 'leak' is mediated by pressure-sensitive channels resident to lysosomes and leads to the inhibition of mTORC1, which is normally activated by Na+-coupled amino acid transporters driven by the Na+ gradient. As a consequence, the transcription factors TFEB/TFE3 are made active in macrophages with distended lysosomes. In addition to their role in lysosomal biogenesis, TFEB/TFE3 activation causes the release of MCP-1/CCL2. In catabolically stressed tissues, defects in efflux of solutes from the endocytic pathway leads to increased monocyte recruitment. Here we propose that macrophages respond to a pressure-sensing pathway on lysosomes to orchestrate lysosomal biogenesis as well as myeloid cell recruitment. Cai et al. show that, in lysosomes under hydrostatic pressure in macrophages, lysosomal mechanosensitive channels cause a cation leak. This leads to the inhibition of mTORC1, activation of TFEB/TFE3 and release of monocyte chemoattractant proteins.

关键词： Biological techniques Cell biology

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