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IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)

作者： Maidment, Tristan Patel, Purav J. Walker, Erin Kovashka, Adriana Univ Pittsburgh Intelligent Syst Program Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA Univ Pittsburgh Comp Sci Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA Univ Pittsburgh Learning Res & Dev Ctr Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA Univ Maryland College Pk MD 20742 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9798350365474

In this paper, we introduce an approach for recognizing and classifying gestures that accompany mathematical terms, in a new collection we name the "GAMT" dataset. Our method uses language as a means of providing context to classify gestures. Specifically, we use a CLIP-style framework to construct a shared embedding space for gestures and language, experimenting with various methods for encoding gestures within this space. We evaluate our method on our new dataset containing a wide array of gestures associated with mathematical terms. The shared embedding space leads to a substantial improvement in gesture classification. Furthermore, we identify an efficient model that excelled at classifying gestures from our unique dataset, thus contributing to the further development of gesture recognition in diverse interaction scenarios.

关键词： action clip cnn comunication dataset embeddings gesture hci language-aligned multimodal non-verbal recognition semantic tcn transformers

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The Interrelationship Among High School Students' Conceptions of learning Science, Self-Regulated learning Science, and Science learning Self-Efficacy

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS EDUCATION 2022年第5期20卷 943-962页

作者： Ho, Hsin Ning Jessie Liang, Jyh-Chong Tsai, Chin-Chung Natl Taiwan Normal Univ Program Learning Sci 162 Sect 1Heping E Rd Taipei 106 Taiwan Natl Taiwan Normal Univ Inst Res Excellence Learning Sci 162 Sect 1Heping E Rd Taipei 106 Taiwan

This research explored the interrelationship among Taiwanese high school students' conceptions of learning science (COLS), self-regulated learning science (SRLS), and science learning self-efficacy (SLSE). A total of 309 students participated in the study, and the self-report survey data were collected to measure these three constructs. Four COLS factors (Testing, Calculating and practicing, Application, and Understanding and seeing in a new way), two SRLS dimensions (Preparatory SRLS [task definition, goal setting, planning] and Enactment SRLS [controlling, monitoring, reflecting]), and two SLSE factors (Conceptual understanding and Higher-order cognitive skills), which adhere to the cognitive learning dimensions, were included for analysis. The results revealed a direct relationship between Testing and SLSE without going through any of the SRLS constructs. However, no direct relationship was built among other COLS components and the two SLSE dimensions. There are direct relationships among Calculating and practicing, Application, and the two SRLS constructs, but Understanding and seeing in a new way solely links to Enactment SRLS and not to Preparatory SRLS. In the end, the two SRLS constructs are directly associated with the students' SLSE dimensions. These results have the important implication that learners' COLS have a significant impact on their SRL engagement, which eventually leads to their beliefs about their cognitive abilities in learning the abstract concepts and critical thinking tasks in science.

关键词： Conceptions of learning Science learning Self-efficacy Self-regulated learning

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Medical Data Analysis Using AutoML Frameworks

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JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY 2024年第7期19卷 4515-4522页

作者： Shin, Seunghun Park, Dongyoung Ji, Suhwan Joo, Gihun Im, Hyeonseung Kangwon Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Grad Program Med Bigdata Converg Major AI & Software Chunchon 24341 South Korea Yonsei Univ Theory Computat Lab Seoul 03722 South Korea Kangwon Natl Univ Programming Language & Machine Learning Lab Chunchon 24341 South Korea Kangwon Natl Univ Dept Comp Sci & Engn Chunchon 24341 South Korea

Recently, there has been a growing interest in applying machine learning (ML) and deep learning to medical big data and smart healthcare. However, it can be challenging to possess both domain knowledge of medical data and expertise in ML necessary for conducting research in this area. In this regard, an automated machine learning (AutoML) framework can be a solution, which automates an ML pipeline-building process from data cleansing and preprocessing to model building, optimization, and performance evaluation. Since AutoML can reduce domain dependency in ML and quickly build high-performance models, it has a high potential for use in the medical and healthcare fields. Therefore, in this paper, we aim to validate the effectiveness of various AutoML frameworks using structured and unstructured medical data such as electronic medical records, medical images, and signal data. More specifically, we compare the performance of representative AutoML frameworks and simple handcrafted models in terms of various metrics such as the area under the curve, accuracy, and F1 score. Our experimental results show that AutoML effectively handles structured and unstructured data in general, but it still needs to be further improved to deal with data that is imbalanced or requires special preprocessing, such as signal data.

关键词： AutoML Machine learning Medical data Medical imaging Biosignals

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Science teachers' and students' metavisualization in scientific modeling

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SCIENCE EDUCATION 2022年第2期106卷 448-475页

作者： Chang, Hsin-Yi Natl Taiwan Normal Univ Program Learning Sci 162Sec 1Heping E Rd Taipei 106 Taiwan Natl Taiwan Normal Univ Inst Res Excellence Learning Sci 162Sec 1Heping E Rd Taipei 106 Taiwan

This study investigated eight experienced science teachers' and eight senior high school students' metavisualization when they drew models to represent their concepts of carbon cycling. Qualitative data collection techniques including think-aloud tasks and follow-up retrospective interviews were employed. The purposes of the study included: (1) to propose a framework differentiating performance levels leading to metavisual competence;and (2) to identify students' metavisualization difficulties by comparing experienced teachers' and novice students' performances. Four aspects of metavisualization were investigated, including use of epistemic knowledge of visualization, demonstration of metacognition in visualization, use of judgment criteria, and use of metavisual strategies. Levels of progression from none or less to sufficient metavisual competence were proposed based on the participants' metavisualization performances. Three types of epistemic knowledge of visualization were identified, namely, a view of visualization as a learning or expression tool, a static view of representation and target, and a dynamic view between purposeful visualization and knowledge construction. Five types of metavisual strategies were also identified, namely, resourcing, focusing, inducting, deducing, and perfecting strategies. Comparison of the teachers' and students' metavisualization indicates that the experienced teachers demonstrated distinctive metacognition and metavisual strategies that helped them achieve the goal of fluent visualization. The findings provide insights into how to support individuals' development of metavisual competence for scientific modeling.

关键词： metavisual competence metavisualization novice-expert study scientific modeling

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Racialization of Muslim students in Australia, Ireland, and the United States: cross-cultural perspectives

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RACE ETHNICITY AND EDUCATION 2023年第2期26卷 164-183页

作者： Brooks, Melanie C. Ezzani, Miriam D. Sai, Youcef Sanjakdar, Fida Monash Univ Sch Educ Culture & Soc Melbourne Vic Australia Texas Christian Univ Educ Leadership Program Ft Worth TX 76129 USA Technol Univ Dublin Learning Teaching Technol Ctr Dublin Ireland

The purpose of this qualitative cross-cultural case study was to better understand how Muslim students living in Australia, Ireland, and the United States navigated racism to identify ways in which school leaders and teachers can better address the structural, historical, and socioeconomic roots of racial injustice, discrimination, and ongoing oppression. Data collection was guided by a shared interview protocol that asked questions regarding family background, personal interests, identity, and friendships with a focus on their experiences of anti-Muslim racism in secondary schools. Findings suggested that Muslim students navigated racialization by (de)constructing their Muslimness, seeking voice, navigating between inclusion and exclusion, and responding to hate. This paper contributes to the bourgeoning literature exploring anti-Muslim racialization and makes a foundational empirical cross-cultural contribution with its identification of essential practices for anti-Muslim racism in schooling.

关键词： Muslim students anti-muslim racism Australia Ireland United States

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Effect of Socratic Reflection Prompts via video-based learning system on elementary school students' critical thinking skills

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COMPUTERS & EDUCATION 2022年 183卷 104497-104497页

作者： Hsu, Fu-Hui Lin, I-Hsiu Yeh, Hui-Chin Chen, Nian-Shing Natl Taiwan Normal Univ Program Learning Sci Taipei Taiwan Natl Sun Yat Sen Univ Dept Informat Management Kaohsiung Taiwan Natl Yunlin Univ Sci & Technol Dept Appl Foreign Languages Touliu Yunlin Taiwan

This study designed a Socratic Reflection Prompts via Video-Based learning System (SRP-VBLS) and investigated the effects of the SRP-VBLS on elementary school 4th graders' critical thinking skills. Participants were divided into three groups: No-SRPs (n = 46), Receiving-SRPs (n = 42), and Responding-to-SRPs (n = 40). Participants in three groups were pre-and post-tested with a critical thinking assessment particularly designed for assessing elementary school students' critical thinking skills. Results show that the Responding-to-SRPs group and the Receiving-SRPs group significantly outperformed the No-SRPs group regarding their critical thinking skill improvement. It was also found that by responding to the SRPs, one of the critical thinking core skills, the analysis skill, of the students was significantly improved. This finding suggests that the SRP-VBLS is effective in developing elementary school students' critical thinking skills, and requiring students to respond to SRPs is especially beneficial to students' analysis skill enhancement. Implications of the findings for designing a video-based learning system in line with the Socratic reflection prompts are discussed.

关键词： Elementary education Evaluation methodologies Pedagogical issues Teaching/learning strategies 21st-century abilities

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Item-level monitoring, response style stability, and the hard-easy effect

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ETR&D-EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT 2021年第2期69卷 693-710页

作者： Clariana, Roy B. Park, Eunsung Penn State Univ Learning & Performance Syst Dept Learning Design & Technol University Pk PA 16801 USA Penn State Univ Learning Design & Technol Program University Pk PA 16801 USA

Cognitive and metacognitive processes during learning depend on accurate monitoring, this investigation examines the influence of immediate item-level knowledge of correct response feedback on cognition monitoring accuracy. In an optional end-of-course computer-based review lesson, participants (n = 68) were randomly assigned to groups to receive either immediate item-by-item feedback (IF) or no immediate feedback (NF). Item-by-item monitoring consisted of confidence self-reports. Two days later, participants completed a retention test (IF = NF, no significant difference). Monitoring accuracy during the review lesson was low, and contrary to expectations was significantly less with immediate feedback (IF < NF, Cohen's d = .62). Descriptive data shows that (1) monitoring accuracy can be attributed to cues beyond actual item difficulty, (2) a hard-easy effect was observed where item difficulty was related to confidence judgements as a non-monotonic function, (3) response confidence was predicted by the Coh-Metrix dimension Word Concreteness in both the IF and NF treatments, and (4) significant autocorrelations (hysteresis) for confidence measures were observed for NF but not for IF. It seems likely that monitoring is based on multiple and sometimes competing cues, the salience of each relates in some degree to content difficulty, but that the stability of individual response styles plays a substantive role in monitoring. This investigation shows the need for new applications of technology for monitoring multiple measures on the fly to better understand SRL processes to support all learners.

关键词： Self-regulated learning Response confidence Response style stability Hysteresis Hard-easy effect Coh-Metrix

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The effectiveness of continuous glucose monitoring with remote telemonitoring-enabled virtual educator visits in adults with non-insulin dependent type 2 diabetes: A randomized trial

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DIABETES RESEARCH AND CLINICAL PRACTICE 2024年 217卷 111899-111899页

作者： Lau, Darren Manca, Donna P. Singh, Pratima Perry, Tawnya Olu-Jordan, Inga Zhang, Jiawei Ryan Rahim, Gulelala Hagen, Evan M. Yeung, Roseanne O. Univ Alberta Dept Med 5-112 Clin Sci Bldg11350-83 Ave NW Edmonton AB T6G 2G3 Canada Univ Alberta Dept Family Med Edmonton AB Canada Univ Alberta Phys Learning Program Edmonton AB Canada Community Practice Edmonton AB Canada

Aims: Estimate the effectiveness of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) with remote telemonitoring-enabled virtual diabetes educator visits for improving glycemic management in adults with type 2 diabetes, not on insulin. Methods: Participants with type 2 diabetes, not on insulin, and HbA1c > 7.0 % were enrolled in an open-label randomized trial of 6 weeks of CGM with telemonitoring versus enhanced usual care. Both groups received educator visits. HbA1c was assessed at 12 weeks. Results: Of 105 participants (mean age 57.3 years, 49.5 % females, mean baseline HbA1c 8.0 %), 86 remained at follow-up. Change in HbA1c was -0.69 % (CGM) versus -0.33 % (enhanced usual care). Adjusting for baseline HbA1c, CGM was superior (0.65 % greater HbA1c reduction [95 % CI 0.17-1.12 %], p = 0.008). CGM participants were 92 % (RR = 1.92, 1.19-3.06, p = 0.007) more likely to have an HbA1c reduction >= 0.5 %, lost more weight (difference in weight reduction 2.17 kg, 0.22-4.11, p = 0.029) and were more satisfied with their treatment. No treatment-related adverse events were observed. Conclusions: CGM with virtual diabetes educator visits is effective, safe, and acceptable in adults with type 2 diabetes not on insulin and should be considered as an alternative to drug therapy for improving blood glucose.

关键词： Type 2 diabetes Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) Self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) Diabetes education Telehealth Randomized clinical trial

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Analysis of students' diagrams of water molecules in snowflakes to reveal their conceptual understanding of hydrogen bonds

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Chemistry Education Research and Practice 2022年第2期24卷 437-452页

作者： Matovu, Henry Won, Mihye Treagust, David Franklin Mocerino, Mauro Ungu, Dewi Ayu Kencana Tsai, Chin-Chung Tasker, Roy School of Education Curtin University Perth Australia School of Molecular and Life Sciences Curtin University Perth Australia Program of Learning Sciences Institute for Research Excellence in Learning Sciences National Taiwan Normal University Taipei Taiwan School of Science Western Sydney University Penrith Australia

Recent studies have reported a growing trend of using student-generated diagrams for assessment in science teaching and research. However, many educators tend to use diagrams to explore students' perceptions of scientists and their work rather than explore conceptual understanding of abstract concepts. In this study, we used diagrams to investigate students' conceptual understanding of the nature of hydrogen bonds among water molecules in snowflakes. Participants were 70 first- and second-year university students. Following a sequence of interview prompts, the students drew diagrams to illustrate the interactions amongst water molecules in snowflakes. Sixty students' diagrams were analyzed inductively using a constant comparison method. Most diagrams showed that the students did not have major challenges drawing the water molecule structure, recognizing polarity of a water molecule, or recognizing the intermolecular nature of hydrogen bonds. However, the diagrams revealed varied ways in which students conceptualized the formation of hydrogen bonds. A third of the diagrams revealed students' alternative conceptions about the role of lone pairs of electrons in the formation of hydrogen bonds. Most diagrams which showed a good understanding of the nature of a hydrogen bond revealed students' difficulties in recognizing molecular interactions in a 3D space. Our findings suggest that student-generated diagrams can provide a powerful way to understand students' conceptions of abstract science concepts. © 2022 Royal Society of Chemistry. All rights reserved.

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Kinase Drug Discovery: Impact of Open Science and Artificial Intelligence

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MOLECULAR PHARMACEUTICS 2024年第10期21卷 4849-4859页

作者： Miljkovic, Filip Bajorath, Juergen AstraZeneca Med Chem Res & Early Dev Cardiovasc Renal & Metab CVRM BioPharmaceut R&D SE-43183 Gothenburg Sweden Rhein Friedrich Wilhelms Univ Lamarr Inst Machine Learning & Artificial Intellig Dept Life Sci Informat & Data Sci LIMES Program Chem Biol & Med ChemB IT D-53115 Bonn Germany

Given their central role in signal transduction, protein kinases (PKs) were first implicated in cancer development, caused by aberrant intracellular signaling events. Since then, PKs have become major targets in different therapeutic areas. The preferred approach to therapeutic intervention of PK-dependent diseases is the use of small molecules to inhibit their catalytic phosphate group transfer activity. PK inhibitors (PKIs) are among the most intensely pursued drug candidates, with currently 80 approved compounds and several hundred in clinical trials. Following the elucidation of the human kinome and development of robust PK expression systems and high-throughput assays, large volumes of PK/PKI data have been produced in industrial and academic environments, more so than for many other pharmaceutical targets. In addition, hundreds of X-ray structures of PKs and their complexes with PKIs have been reported. Substantial amounts of PK/PKI data have been made publicly available in part as a result of open science initiatives. PK drug discovery is further supported through the incorporation of data science approaches, including the development of various specialized databases and online resources. Compound and activity data wealth compared to other targets has also made PKs a focal point for the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in pharmaceutical research. Herein, we discuss the interplay of open and data science in PK drug discovery and review exemplary studies that have substantially contributed to its development, including kinome profiling or the analysis of PKI promiscuity versus selectivity. We also take a close look at how AI approaches are beginning to impact PK drug discovery in light of their increasing data orientation.

关键词： drug discovery protein kinases kinase inhibitors open science data science artificial intelligence

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