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The Impacts of Humanitarian Engineering Context on Students' Sociotechnical Thinking

JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING EDUCATION 2025年第1期151卷

作者： Walters, Jeffrey P. Frisch, Kayt Yasuhara, Ken Kaminsky, Jessica Univ Washington Tacoma Sch Engn & Technol Civil Engn Program 1900 Commerce St Tacoma WA 98402 USA George Fox Univ Coll Engn 414 N Meridian St Newberg OR 97132 USA Univ Washington Seattle Off Advancement Engn Teaching & Learning Engn Annex 221 Seattle WA 98195 USA North Carolina State Univ Dept Civil Construct & Environm Engn 915 Partners Way Raleigh NC 27695 USA

Framing engineering problems in a humanitarian engineering (HE) context has been shown to have a significant impact on students' learning, particularly how they understand and articulate sociotechnical design considerations. However, no studies explicitly compared differences in sociotechnical thinking for different forms of engineering context. This study aims to investigate the differences in sociotechnical thinking for students presented with an engineering design challenge framed within two different country contexts. First-year (n=59) and third-year (n=58) students participated in a one-hour design challenge activity. Students were asked to consider the factors that they thought would influence the design of a retaining wall in a randomly assigned context: Mississippi [non-human engineering (HE)] or Bangladesh (HE). Students' responses were quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed to evaluate differences in the sociotechnical factors mentioned by the two groups. Study results showed that HE context students identified significantly more (p=0.005) sociotechnical design factors and have a more nuanced understanding of how the wall impacted people. HE students also focused more on deficiencies in the local capacity in the Bangladesh context, whereas non-HE context students focused more on physical design considerations and alternative uses of the wall. Study results provide evidence for the strong gains in sociotechnical thinking facilitated by HE context integration, even during a short activity. They also imply that HE context integration must be done thoughtfully to teach students how implicit biases and cultural racism impede effective engineering design.

关键词： Humanitarian engineering (HE) Sociotechnical thinking Empathic thinking Service learning

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Investigating the trade-off between response time and complexity in the Levenberg-Marquardt ANN-MPPT algorithm used in wind energy conversion systems

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DISCOVER SUSTAINABILITY 2023年第1期4卷 49页

作者： Kawashty, Amro A. Abdellatif, Sameh O. Ebrahim, Gamal A. Ghali, Hani A. British Univ Egypt BUE Ctr Emerging Learning Technol CELT Renewable Energy Program Fac EngnabLab Suez Rd El Sherouk City 11837 Cairo Governora Egypt British Univ Egypt BUE Fac Engn Ctr Emerging Learning Technol CELT Elect Engn Dept El Sherouk 11837 Cairo Egypt British Univ Egypt BUE Ctr Emerging Learning Technol CELT Elect Engn Dept FabLab El Sherouk 11837 Cairo Egypt Ain Shams Univ Fac Engn Comp & Syst Engn Dept Cairo 11517 Egypt

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) models in renewable energy resources management, particularly in the utilization of maximum power point tracking (MPPT) optimizers, has gained significant attention. This study focuses on investigating the tradeoff between accuracy, response time, and system complexity by varying the number of neurons in artificial neural network (ANN) models for MPPT in wind energy conversion systems (WECSs). Traditionally, MPPT algorithms in WECSs are implemented using direct or indirect methods. However, these methods lack an accumulative learning curve and rely on instantaneous inputs. In contrast, ANN models trained on pre-existing datasets offer the potential for improved maximum point capturing processes. Nevertheless, the incorporation of ANN models may introduce additional complexity to the system. Two ANN models, direct and indirect, are examined in comparison to a reference model using the perturb and observe conventional MPPT algorithm. The results show that the ANN direct model exhibits better time response in the face of high variations in wind speed profiles. On the other hand, the ANN indirect model demonstrates a 4% increase in accuracy with minimal ripples.

关键词： Maximum power point Wind energy system Response time MPPT efficiency Complexity

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Carbon nanotube/conductive carbon black-filled natural rubber composites for strain sensing

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MATERIALS CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 2025年 341卷

作者： Kitisavetjit, Wasuthon Paradee, Noppawan Ounjai, Kajornwut Kalkornsurapranee, Ekwipoo Promsung, Rawiporn Johns, Jobish Nakaramontri, Yeampon King Mongkuts Univ Technol Thonburi Fac Sci Dept Chem Sustainable Polymer & Innovat Composites Mat Res G Bangkok Thailand King Mongkuts Univ Technol Thonburi Fac Engn Biol Engn Program Bangkok Thailand KMUTT Learning Inst Neurosci Ctr Res & Innovat Bangkok Thailand Prince Songkla Univ Fac Sci Div Phys Sci Hat Yai Thailand Rajarajeswari Coll Engn Dept Phys Bangalore India

Strain sensors were developed using conductive natural rubber (NR) and epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) composites filled with carbon nanotubes (CNT) and carbon black (CCB) to evaluate their rapid recovery after elastic deformation. The CCB concentration was set at 1.5 times the CNT concentration, with CNT and CCB contents maximized at 25 and 37.5 parts per hundred rubbers (phr), respectively. The crosslink propagation, mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties, and morphological characteristics were analyzed to elucidate the effect of the CNT/CCB hybrid filler within the NR and ENR matrices. Increasing the CNT/CCB content above 5/7.5 phr reduced the tensile strength and elongation at break due to filler agglomeration. However, the crosslink density, modulus, and production time improved. Compared to NR composites, ENR composites exhibited superior properties, attributed to the improved dispersion and distribution of fillers facilitated by the polarity of the ENR molecular chains. The selected composites were subjected to piezoresistive testing to evaluate the performance of strain sensors under stretching, compression, and bending protocols. The results revealed that CNT/CCB-filled ENR composites exhibited high sensitivity in tension and bending tests, while NR composites demonstrated appropriate signal responses in compression modes. This behavior was attributed to the critical CNT:CCB ratio of 20:30 phr, which enabled an optimal correlation between modulus and extensibility in the rubber matrix. This balance facilitated interactions between rubber molecular chains and the hybrid filler surface under multidirectional forces. These findings offer valuable insights for motion detection applications, particularly in scenarios involving deformation in multiple directions.

关键词： Natural rubber Epoxidized natural rubber Carbon nanotubes Carbon black Piezoresistive sensor

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An Experienced Science Teacher's Metavisualization in the Case of the Complex System of Carbon Cycling

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RESEARCH IN SCIENCE EDUCATION 2021年第2期51卷 493-521页

作者： Hung, Jung-Yi Chang, Hsin-Yi Hung, Jeng-Fung Natl Kaohsiung Normal Univ Grad Inst Sci Educ & Environm Educ Kaohsiung Taiwan Natl Taiwan Normal Univ Sch Learning Informat Program Learning Sci Taipei Taiwan

Science teachers use a large number of visual representations and models in science classes to guide students to understand complex phenomena and to learn to conduct scientific inquiry. Fluent formation and use of visual representation involves metavisualization, which is a process related to metacognition and visualization. However, what kinds of knowledge and skills are involved and interact during successful metavisualization need further research. Moreover, teachers' metavisualization should be a focus of research since teachers play a mediating role in guiding students to become proficient performers of visualization in science. Therefore, in this study, we investigated how an experienced science teacher performed metavisualization via qualitative data collection techniques including think-aloud tasks and a follow-up retrospective interview. We identified the relevant knowledge and skills that were involved in the teacher's metavisualization. Moreover, by focusing on the interaction among the knowledge and skills, we observed three aspects of the teacher's performance that were salient to her metavisualization, including the use of metavisual strategies, judgement criteria, and the encountered critical points. Drawing upon previous perspectives and this study's findings, we propose a model of metavisualization by extending an existing model for further research. The findings also provide insight into teacher professional development programs.

关键词： Visualization Metavisualization Strategy Critical point Judgement criteria

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A Learner Behavioral Anslysis on the Effectiveness of Scaffoldings for Language learning with Educational Robots and IoT-Based Tangible Objects

A Learner Behavioral Anslysis on the Effectiveness of Scaffo...

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International Conference on Advanced learning Technologies (ICALT)

作者： Yueh-hui Vanessa Chiang Nian-Shing Chen Department of Computer Science National Chengchi University Taipei Taiwan Institute for Research Excellence in Learning Sciences Program of Learning Sciences National Taiwan Normal University Taipei Taiwan

The integration of educational robots and IoT-based tangible objects (R&T system) holds great potential for enhancing the learning outcome and providing scaffoldings for language learners. This study was focused on examining the learners' behaviors during language learning activities, to analyze the effectiveness of the scaffoldings provided by the R&T system. The aim was to assess the task completion and responsiveness to learners' learning states. A method called Lag sequential analysis was employed to identify significant sequential behavioral patterns. The results showed that, in addition to confirming the effectiveness of the scaffoldings, the sequential pattern analysis was useful in capturing the dynamics of interaction among learners, robots, teachers, and peers in real-life learning scenarios.

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The arc of transformation in youth participatory action research: creative expression to creative resistance

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF QUALITATIVE STUDIES IN EDUCATION 2022年第8期35卷 805-823页

作者： Dominguez, Ashley D. Cammarota, Julio Arizona State Univ Mary Lou Fulton Teachers Coll Learning Literacies & Technol Program Tempe AZ 85287 USA Univ Arizona Coll Educ Tucson AZ 85721 USA

In this introduction to the special issue, Youth Participatory Action Research on Puerto Rican Students' Experiences with Hurricane Maria: Shifting from Resilience to Resistance, we outline the theoretical foundations of youth participatory action research (YPAR) and explicate the guiding principles that are seminal in the corpus of YPAR literature. We propose a synthesized model based on these guiding principles called the arc of transformation in YPAR. The model is used to examine points of convergence and divergence in how these principles are employed across YPAR methods and pedagogies. We close by discussing the rising emergence of arts-based YPAR methods and how they encourage young people to engage in artistic, creative, and innovative approaches to youth-driven inquiry alongside community members, educators, scholars and researchers.

关键词： Youth participatory action research arts-based YPAR Puerto Rico Latinx youth arc of transformation

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Weaponizing John 8:32: The Complex Interconnections Between Religion and Politics on Brazilian Twitter

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SOCIAL MEDIA + SOCIETY 2023年第4期9卷

作者： Russo, Renato Literat, Ioana Blikstein, Paulo Columbia Univ Teachers Coll New York NY USA Columbia Univ Commun Media & Learning Technol Design Program Dept Math Sci & Technol Teachers Coll 525 West 120th St New York NY 10027 USA

Politics and religion are traditionally connected in large democracies, with many examples in the Global South. Recently in Brazil, a specific Bible verse has been assimilated into political expression and amplified by social media: John 8:32 ("And you shall know the truth, and the truth will set you free"). In this article, we employ thematic analysis of Twitter1 data referencing this verse, collected during the 2022 Brazilian presidential election. The analysis shows how the verse became symbolic shorthand for a bundle of values associated with political and religious righteousness, reinforcing the connections between conservative politics and religion. Strongly associated with the persona of former president Jair Bolsonaro, the verse was deployed by his supporters as a symbolic debunking tool against perceived misinformation but was also used ironically by Bolsonaro's detractors to criticize the former president. By zooming in on the multifaceted use of this Biblical verse in the online political sphere, this article illuminates the multilayered interconnections between political expression on social media, religion, and misinformation in the context of Brazil.

关键词： political expression misinformation religion social media Brazil

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Multi-Granularity Argument Mining in Legal Texts 35

Multi-Granularity Argument Mining in Legal Texts

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35th International Conference on Legal Knowledge and Information Systems, JURIX 2022

作者： Xu, Huihui Ashley, Kevin Intelligent Systems Program University of Pittsburgh United States Learning Research and Development Center University of Pittsburgh United States School of Law University of Pittsburgh United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781643683645

In this paper, we explore legal argument mining using multiple levels of granularity. Argument mining has usually been conceptualized as a sentence classification problem. In this work, we conceptualize argument mining as a token-level (i.e., word-level) classification problem. We use a Longformer model to classify the tokens. Results show that token-level text classification identifies certain legal argument elements more accurately than sentence-level text classification. Token-level classification also provides greater flexibility to analyze legal texts and to gain more insight into what the model focuses on when processing a large amount of input data. © 2022 The authors and IOS Press.

关键词： Classification (of information)

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Graph-Based 3-Dimensional Spatial Gene Neighborhood Networks of Single Cells in Gels and Tissues

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BME FRONTIERS 2025年 6卷 0110页

作者： Fang, Zhou Krusen, Kelsey Priest, Hannah Wang, Mingshuang Kim, Sungwoong Sriram, Anirudh Yellanki, Ashritha Singh, Ankur Horwitz, Edwin Coskun, Ahmet F. Georgia Inst Technol Wallace H Coulter Dept Biomed Engn Atlanta GA 30332 USA Emory Univ Atlanta GA 30322 USA Georgia Inst Technol Machine Learning Grad Program Atlanta GA USA Georgia Inst Technol Woodruff Sch Mech Engn Atlanta GA USA Georgia Inst Technol Interdisciplinary Bioengn Grad Program Atlanta GA 30332 USA Parker H Petit Inst Bioengn & Biosci Georgia Inst Technol Atlanta GA 30332 USA Emory Univ Sch Med Dept Pediat Atlanta GA 30322 USA

Objective: We developed 3-dimensional spatially resolved gene neighborhood network embedding (3D-spaGNN-E) to find subcellular gene proximity relationships and identify key subcellular motifs in cell-cell communication (CCC). Impact Statement: The pipeline combines 3D imaging-based spatial transcriptomics and graph-based deep learning to identify subcellular motifs. Introduction: Advancements in imaging and experimental technology allow the study of 3D spatially resolved transcriptomics and capture better spatial context than approximating the samples as 2D. However, the third spatial dimension increases the data complexity and requires new analyses. Methods: 3D-spaGNN-E detects single transcripts in 3D cell culture samples and identifies subcellular gene proximity relationships. Then, a graph autoencoder projects the gene proximity relationships into a latent space. We then applied explainability analysis to identify subcellular CCC motifs. Results: We first applied the pipeline to mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) cultured in hydrogel. After clustering the cells based on the RNA count, we identified cells belonging to the same cluster as homotypic and those belonging to different clusters as heterotypic. We identified changes in local gene proximity near the border between homotypic and heterotypic cells. When applying the pipeline to the MSC-peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) coculture system, we identified CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Local gene proximity and autoencoder embedding changes can distinguish strong and weak suppression of different immune cells. Lastly, we compared astrocyte-neuron CCC in mouse hypothalamus and cortex by analyzing 3D multiplexed-error-robust fluorescence in situ hybridization (MERFISH) data and identified regional gene proximity differences. Conclusion: 3D-spaGNN-E distinguished distinct CCCs in cell culture and tissue by examining subcellular motifs.

关键词： Stem cells

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Fostering students’ scientific literacy by reflective questioning: An identification, summarization, self-reflective questioning, and application (ISSA)-based flipped learning approach

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Education and Information Technologies 2024年第6期29卷 7081-7104页

作者： Cheng, Shu-Chen Hwang, Gwo-Jen Chen, Chih-Hung Center for General Education Chung Yuan Christian University Taoyuan Taiwan Bachelor Degree Program of Digital Marketing National Taipei University New Taipei Taiwan Graduate Institute of Educational Information and Measurement National Taichung University of Education Taichung Taiwan Graduate Institute of Digital Learning and Education National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei Taiwan Yuan Ze University Taoyuan Taiwan Master Program of Professional Teacher National Taichung University of Education Taichung Taiwan

Developing students’ scientific literacy is the most important educational goal and challenge of the 21st century. Many studies have confirmed that flipped learning has significantly impacted learning science. Researchers indicate that the lack of an appropriate learning guidance strategy in the pre-class stage for flipped learning will influence students’ understanding of learning content and affect in-class learning activities. In order to tackle this problem, the present study proposed a flipped learning approach based on identification, summarization, self-reflective questioning, and application (ISSA), further exploring the influences on students’ scientific literacy, communication tendency, problem-solving tendency, learning motivation, and cognitive load. In addition, the study used a true experimental design to assess the effectiveness of the proposed learning method, and 58 university students were recruited to participate in a natural science course. The experimental group (N = 29) adopted the proposed learning approach, while the control group adopted the conventional flipped learning approach. The results showed that the experimental group had higher scientific literacy, communication tendency, problem-solving tendency, and extrinsic motivation than the control group. The interviews showed that the ISSA flipped learning method could improve students’ understanding of the learning content. In particular, the process of peer interaction promoted their self-reflection and scientific literacy skills. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.

关键词： Flipped classroom Flipped learning Problem-solving Scientific literacy Self-reflective questioning

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