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Building and integrating brain-wide maps of nervous system function in invertebrates

CURRENT OPINION IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2024年 86卷 102868-102868页

作者： Kramer, Talya S. Flavell, Steven W. MIT Picower Inst Learning & Memory Dept Brain & Cognit Sci Cambridge MA 02139 USA MIT Biol Grad Program Cambridge MA USA

The selection and execution of context-appropriate behaviors is controlled by the integrated action of neural circuits throughout the brain. However, how activity is coordinated across brain regions, and how nervous system structure enables these functional interactions, remain open questions. Recent technical advances have made it feasible to build brain-wide maps of nervous system structure and function, such as brain activity maps, connectomes, and cell atlases. Here, we review recent progress in this area, focusing on C. elegans and D. melanogaster, as recent work has produced global maps of these nervous systems. We also describe neural circuit motifs elucidated in studies of specific networks, which highlight the complexities that must be captured to build accurate models of whole-brain function.

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Mean-field analysis of synaptic alterations underlying deficient cortical gamma oscillations in schizophrenia

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JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL NEUROSCIENCE 2025年第1期53卷 99-114页

作者： Song, Deying Chung, Daniel W. Ermentrout, G. Bard Carnegie Mellon Univ Neurosci Inst Joint Program Neural Computat & Machine Learning Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA Carnegie Mellon Univ Machine Learning Dept Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA Univ Pittsburgh Ctr Neural Basis Cognit Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA Univ Pittsburgh Dept Psychiat Translat Neurosci Program Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA Univ Pittsburgh Dept Math Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA

Deficient gamma oscillations in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of individuals with schizophrenia (SZ) are proposed to arise from alterations in the excitatory drive to fast-spiking interneurons (E ->\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\rightarrow $$\end{document}I) and in the inhibitory drive from these interneurons to excitatory neurons (I ->\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\rightarrow $$\end{document}E). Consistent with this idea, prior postmortem studies showed lower levels of molecular and structural markers for the strength of E ->\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\rightarrow $$\end{document}I and I ->\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\rightarrow $$\end{document}E synapses and also greater variability in E ->\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\rightarrow $$\end{document}I synaptic strength in PFC of SZ. Moreover, simulating these alterations in a network of quadratic integrate-and-fire (QIF) neurons revealed a synergistic effect of their interactions on reducing gamma power. In this study, we aimed to inv

关键词： Mean-field model Gamma oscillations Cortical circuits Schizophrenia

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Minimization of total operational cost & voltage deviation in grid-connected unbalanced MGs using optimization approach

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ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING 2024年第5期106卷 6649-6663页

作者： Pradeep, Jayarama Velmurugan, Palani Prabhu, Veeramani Vasan St Josephs Coll Engn Dept Elect & Elect Engn Chennai Tamil Nadu India Great Learning ACAD Team Elect Vehicle Program Chennai Tamil Nadu India

An optimization method is proposed for the grid-tied unbalanced MG to reduce overall operating costs and voltage deviation. The proposed method consists of battery systems, EV, PV units, DG, and WT units. The proposed technique is the Ladder Spherical Evolution (LSE) Search algorithm, while finding the optimum method that minimizes both the net cost of the microgrid and the VDI while taking into account uncertain parameters is the major goal of the proposed work. The proposed model includes a 3-phase power flow to prevent the adoption of unworkable solutions. The restrictions for a 3-phase unbalanced network (such as DG, PV, WT, and BS units) originate from their technological constraints and the current-related depiction of power flow. At this point, the performance of the proposed technique is better than the existing approaches in MATLAB. The proposed method manages uncertainties, reduces functional costs and the voltage variation index, and offers more dependable and realistic solutions. The total cost of SSA is 480$, CHA is 470$, AOS is 450$, and the proposed is 340$. Thus, the proposed method provides an optimal solution with less computation and low cost than the existing methods.

关键词： Battery system Cost deviation Grid connection Optimization approach Unbalanced microgrid LSE algorithm voltage deviation

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Using video dubbing to foster college students’ English-speaking ability

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Computer Assisted Language learning 2024年第4期37卷 585-607页

作者： Jao, Cheng-Yueh Yeh, Hui-Chin Huang, Wan-Rou Chen, Nian-Shing Department of Applied Foreign Languages National Yunlin University of Science & Technology Douliu Taiwan Institute for Research Excellence in Learning Sciences Program of Learning Sciences National Taiwan Normal University Taipei Taiwan

While previous studies have focused on the outcomes of using dubbing apps to foster learner’s development of English-speaking ability, this study, grounded in cognitive apprenticeship (CA), is an investigation of the learning processes, which included modeling, coaching, scaffolding, articulation, reflection, and exploration, involved in the use of a dubbing app, Mofunshow. Participants included 26 college students at a science and technology university in Taiwan. Data included GEPT speaking pre-and post-test scores, initial and final dubbing videos, learning logs, and reflective essays. The results showed that after engaging in video dubbing the students improved their English-speaking ability, in terms of accuracy and fluency. Coaching and modeling were ranked as the two most useful processes which supported students as they improved their English-speaking ability through repeatedly listening, echoing, and imitating. Implications and limitations of the study are discussed. © 2022 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

关键词： cognitive apprenticeship English-speaking ability Video dubbing

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Exploring Undergraduate Students' Conceptions of Environmental Education Through Phenomenographic Analysis

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SCIENCE EDUCATION 2025年第3期109卷 876-892页

作者： Luan, Hui Syu, Yi-Lun Lee, Min-Hsien Tsai, Chin-Chung Natl Taiwan Normal Univ Inst Res Excellence Learning Sci Taipei Taiwan Stella Matutina Girls High Sch Taichung Taiwan Natl Taiwan Normal Univ Program Learning Sci Taipei Taiwan

The core function of science education is to equip students with scientific literacy, enabling them to understand complex environmental challenges and actively engage in proenvironmental behaviors. Therefore, understanding students' conceptions of environmental education is crucial for advancing environmental education. In this study, we explored undergraduate students' conceptions of environmental education and its relationship to approaches to learning from a phenomenographic perspective. We conducted interviews with 36 undergraduates and identified 5 qualitatively different categories of conceptions of environmental education, namely, "receiving information," "disseminating and communicating," "understanding," "awareness and reflective thinking," and "solving problems and taking action." These categories are hierarchically ordered from lowest to highest, reflecting increasing complexity. Specifically, the first two were categorized as passive conceptions, while the last three were classified as active conceptions. Our findings showed that passive and active conceptions were evenly distributed among the students. In addition, a chi 2 analysis revealed an observable correlation between students' conceptions and their adopted learning strategies. Particularly, students with more passive conceptions tended to employ surface learning strategies, whereas those with more active conceptions were inclined toward deep learning strategies. The implications of these findings for promoting students' proenvironmental behavior are discussed.

关键词： conceptions of environmental education phenomenographic analysis undergraduate students

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Developing a Course-Specific Chatbot Powered by Generative AI for Assisting Students' learning in a programming Course 24

Developing a Course-Specific Chatbot Powered by Generative A...

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24th IEEE International Conference on Advanced learning Technologies (ICALT)

作者： Chiang, Yueh-Hui Vanessa Lin, Yu-Chen Chen, Nian-Shing Dharma Drum Inst Liberal Arts Life Educ MA Program New Taipei Taiwan Natl Chengchi Univ Dept Comp Sci Taipei Taiwan Natl Taiwan Normal Univ Inst Res Excellence Learning Sci Taipei Taiwan Natl Taiwan Normal Univ Program Learning Sci Taipei Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9798350362060;9798350362053

This paper details the development of an educational chatbot designed to assist non-IT undergraduate students in a computer programming course. The chathot, accessible through a LINE Bot interface, focuses conversations on course materials and activities, providing students with relevant learning support. Utilizing OpenAI's API, the chatbot generates human-like conversational content. The paper includes preliminary evaluation results, emphasizing the chatbot's ability to respond accurately to course-related student queries. This study highlights the potential of chatbots in enhancing educational experiences in specialized subjects.

关键词： educational chatbot generative AI in education course-specific learning tools computer programming education

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Exploring Volunteer Pharmacists' Experiences in Responding to 2023 Türkiye Earthquakes: A Qualitative Phenomenological Study

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DISASTER MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH PREPAREDNESS 2024年 18卷 e60-e60页

作者： Uzun, Mehmet Barlas Gulpinar, Gizem Iqbal, Ayesha Saglik Bilimleri Univ Fac Gulhane Pharm Dept Pharm Management Ankara Turkiye Gazi Univ Fac Pharm Dept Pharm Management Ankara Turkiye Univ Alberta Fac Med & Dent Off Lifelong Learning & Phys Learning Program Edmonton AB Canada

Objective: Pharmacists are vital in disaster response efforts, dispensing essential medications, managing pharmacy services, consulting, and educating survivors regarding their medications. Their contributions, however, are often underrepresented in scientific literature. This study aimed to explore the experiences of pharmacists who provided pharmacy services to meet the pharmaceutical needs of the survivors after 2 major earthquakes in Turkiye in ***: This study adopted a phenomenological approach. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews. Purposive sampling was used to invite pharmacists who provided pharmacy services to survivors. Interview transcripts were analyzed following an inductive, reflexive thematic ***: In total, 15 pharmacists were interviewed. Four main overarching themes "response to the earthquake," "preparedness for the earthquake," "experiences during service delivery," and "mental and physical experiences" were ***: From participants' experiences, it is essential to expand the clinical responsibilities of pharmacists and train them in providing wound care, administering immunization, and prescribing. Pharmacists should be integrated as essential members of disaster health teams. International health organizations, nongovernmental organizations, and governments are encouraged to work collaboratively and develop disaster management plans including pharmacists in early responders. This might help mitigate the deficiencies and overcome challenges in health-care systems to provide effective patient-centered care by health professionals and respond effectively to disasters.

关键词： disasters earthquakes pharmacy emergency responders health systems plan

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Assessment of autonomic response in 6-12-month-old babies during the interaction with robot and avatar by means of thermal infrared imaging

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QUANTITATIVE INFRARED THERMOGRAPHY JOURNAL 2023年第2期20卷 78-91页

作者： Filippini, C. Cardone, D. Perpetuini, D. Chiarelli, A. M. Petitto, L. A. Merla, A. Univ G Annunzio Chieti Pescara Dept Neurosci Imaging & Clin Sci Chieti Italy Gallaudet Univ Educ Neurosci PEN Program NSF Sci Learning Ctr Visual Language & Visual LearningVL2 Washington DC USA

Since birth, infants have been immersed in a social environment, often surrounded by artificial-intelligent-agents (AIAs). However, there is a paucity of work on infants' psychophysiological responses, and their related interest, when interacting with AIAs. Here, the infants' psychophysiological responses during interactions with an embodied robot and a virtual human/avatar presented on a screen are investigated. The experimental paradigm consists of a robot producing socially communicative gestures to babies as compared to a virtual human producing socially communicative gestures and linguistic interactions, such as linguistic nursery rhymes in American Sign Language. Psychophysiological responses were measured using thermal infrared imaging technology that tracks changes in cutaneous temperature, enabling contactless investigation of human autonomic functions. Crucially, it permits first-time inferences about changes in infants' psychological, attentional, and emotional engagement in relation to agents and events in the world around them. Thermal signals analysis revealed a statistically significant difference in the infants' physiological response to robot and avatar interactions indicating important differences in each agent's ability to engage infants. Understanding infants' psychophysiological responses to AIAs during the first year of life, which is a crucial period for human learning, lays bare how AIAs may impact infants' emotional, social, and language learning and higher cognitive growth.

关键词： Thermal imaging infant artificial agent interaction affective computing

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learning About Lunar Phases: Exploring Taiwanese University Students' Conceptions of and Approaches to learning by Holographic Projection

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JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL COMPUTING RESEARCH 2025年第8期62卷 2076-2103页

作者： Fan, Yang-Hsin Lin, Tzung-Jin Univ Texas Austin Dept Educ Psychol Austin TX USA Natl Taiwan Normal Univ Sch Learning Informat Program Learning Sci 162Sect 1Heping E Rd Taipei 106 Taiwan Natl Taiwan Normal Univ Inst Res Excellence Learning Sci Taipei Taiwan

Extant literature has preliminarily confirmed the potential benefits of holographic projections for educational purposes. Yet, students' experiences of learning by holographic projection have rarely been addressed. The main purpose of this study was therefore to explore students' conceptions of and approaches to learning by holographic projection. A holographic projection system was devised to assist students in learning the concept of lunar phases. This study also investigated the relationships between students' conceptions and approaches, and determined if there were any variations based on students' learning gains. Phenomenographic analysis was adopted to analyze 30 university students from Taiwan, and a multiple-choice conceptual test was conducted to assess their learning achievements. The main findings indicated that students with conceptions of learning by holographic projection as increasing the presence of a scene or mapping 2D images to 3D structures tended to adopt surface approaches, such as only observing the changes presented in the holographic projection, repetitively operating the system functions without intended purposes, or simply following the instruction guidelines to meet the minimal requirements. However, this study unexpectedly found that students who utilized surface approaches had significantly higher learning gains on the conceptual test than their counterparts did.

关键词： educational technology holographic projection technology learning outcomes lunar phases education mixed reality in education phenomenographic analysis spatial learning university student learning

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Determinants of youth unemployment in Barranquilla, Colombia: a multi-method analysis of education, work experience, and socioeconomic factors

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENCE AND YOUTH 2025年第1期30卷

作者： de la Puente, Mario Torres, Jose Rico, Heidy Univ Norte Barranquilla Colombia Univ Sucre Sincelejo Colombia Univ Cartagena Business Adm Program Distance Learning Mode Cartagena Colombia

This study examines the complex factors influencing youth unemployment in Barranquilla, Colombia, focusing on the roles of education, work experience, and socioeconomic background. Employing a multi-method approach combining logistic regression, chi-square tests, ANOVA, and Random Forest analysis, the research analyzes data from 2,250 young adults aged 18-28. Results show postgraduate education reduces unemployment odds by 70.92%, while each month of work experience decreases unemployment odds by 2.32%. Youths from lower socioeconomic strata face unemployment rates of 28.45% compared to 18.76% in higher strata. The Random Forest model identifies critical threshold points where education and experience yield maximum benefits. Policy implications include targeting work experience programmes to the 7-18-month period when benefits accelerate, focusing education support on completion thresholds, and combining education access with work opportunities for lower-income youth. The study advances youth unemployment research by quantifying precise threshold effects, documenting monthly experience impacts.

关键词： Youth unemployment human capital theory education-employment alignment socioeconomic disparities

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