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Leveraging Students' Funds of Knowledge in Chemical Engineering Design Challenges Supports Persistence Intentions

JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION 2022年第1期99卷 83-91页

作者： Chen, Yan Kang, Sung 'Pil' James, Jordan O. Chi, Eva Gomez, Jamie R. Han, Sang M. Datye, Abhaya K. Svihla, Vanessa Univ New Mexico Coll Univ Lib & Learning Sci Program Org Informat & Learning Sci Albuquerque NM 87131 USA Univ New Mexico Ctr Teaching & Learning Coll Univ Lib & Learning Sci Albuquerque NM 87131 USA Univ New Mexico Dept Chem & Biol Engn Sch Engn Albuquerque NM 87131 USA

Lower division chemistry and chemical engineering courses commonly emphasize efficient acquisition of core content. While experts perceive the organization of the discipline, students perceive their courses as fragmented. This has a more severe impact on students from groups historically excluded from STEM fields, who may not have a deep understanding of the opportunities that lie on the horizon. In order to make progress on this issue, we first sought to better understand our diverse students' chemical engineering funds of *** is, the everyday and cultural experiences salient for chemistry and chemical engineering. We found that minoritized students expressed more funds of knowledge: women expressed STEM interest and past success more than men;students from minoritized racial and ethnic groups and/or who spoke a language other than English at home expressed more community funds of knowledge. We developed design challenges for core chemical engineering courses to build on these varied funds of knowledge. We found no differences between minoritized students and their more privileged peers in terms of their intent to persist. We share implications for both chemistry and chemical engineering courses seeking to support diverse student success.

关键词： Chemistry Education Research Chemical Engineering First-Year Undergraduate/General Problem Solving/Decision Making Applications of Chemistry Student-Centered learning

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Neighborhood Socioeconomic Disadvantage and Acute Care Utilization in Washington State Medicaid: A Retrospective Cohort Study

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JOURNAL OF GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE 2025年第3期40卷 595-602页

作者： Morenz, Anna M. Wong, Edwin S. Zhou, Lingmei Chen, Christopher P. Zerzan-Thul, Judy Liao, Joshua M. Univ Arizona Dept Med 1501 N Campbell Ave Tucson AZ 85724 USA Program Policy Evaluat & Learning Northwest Seattle WA 98033 USA Univ Washington Sch Publ Hlth Dept Hlth Syst & Populat Hlth Seattle WA USA Univ Washington Dept Med Seattle WA USA Washington State Hlth Care Author Olympia WA USA Univ Texas Southwestern Med Ctr Dallas Dept Med Dallas TX USA Program Policy Evaluat & Learning Dallas TX USA

BackgroundNeighborhood disadvantage has been associated with potentially preventable acute care utilization among Medicare beneficiaries, but this association has not been studied in a Medicaid population, which is important for informing more equitable care and policies for this *** describe the association between Area Deprivation Index (ADI) and acute care utilization (including potentially preventable utilization) among Medicaid beneficiaries in Washington *** cohort study of 100% Medicaid claims. Mixed effects logistic regression was applied to estimate the association between state-level ADI decile and acute care utilization, adjusting for age, sex, self-identified race and ethnicity, Charlson Comorbidity Index, primary spoken language, individual Federal Poverty Level, homelessness, and rurality. Standard errors were clustered at the Census block group ***1.5 million unique adult Medicaid beneficiaries enrolled for at least 11 months of a calendar year during the period *** MeasuresBinary measures denoting receipt of ED visits, low-acuity ED visits, hospitalizations in a calendar *** ResultsIncreasing levels of neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage (by ADI decile) were associated with greater odds of any ED visits (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.07, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06-1.07), low-acuity ED visits (aOR 1.08, CI 1.08-1.08), and any hospitalizations (aOR 1.02, CI 1.02-1.02).ConclusionsAmong Medicaid beneficiaries, greater neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage was associated with increased acute care utilization, including potentially preventable utilization. These findings signal potential barriers to outpatient care access that could be amenable to future intervention by health systems and payers.

关键词： neighborhood disadvantage social vulnerability0 Area Deprivation Index acute care utilization Medicaid Emergency Department use

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Combining a Chemical Language Model and the Structure-Activity Relationship Matrix Formalism for Generative Design of Potent Compounds with Core Structure and Substituent Modifications

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JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL INFORMATION AND MODELING 2024年第23期64卷 8784-8795页

作者： Chen, Hengwei Bajorath, Jurgen Univ Bonn Dept Life Sci Informat & Data Sci LIMES Program Unit Chem Biol & Med Chem B IT D-53115 Bonn Germany Univ Bonn Lamarr Inst Machine Learning & Artificial Intellig D-53115 Bonn Germany

In medicinal chemistry, compound optimization relies on the generation of analogue series (AS) for exploring structure-activity relationships (SARs). Potency progression is a critical criterion for advancing AS. During optimization, a key question is which analogues to synthesize next. We introduce a new computational methodology for the extension of AS with potent compounds containing both core structure and substituent modifications at multiple sites, which has been reported for the first time. The approach combines a transformer chemical language model (CLM) with a SAR matrix (SARM) methodology that identifies and organizes structurally related AS. Therefore, the SARM approach was expanded to cover multisite AS. Consensus series extracted from SARMs representing a potency gradient served as input for CLM training to extend test AS with potent analogues. Different model variants were derived and investigated. Both general and fine-tuned models correctly predicted known potent analogues at high positions in probability-based compound rankings and chemically diversified AS through core structure modifications of the generated candidate compounds and substituent replacements at multiple sites.

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Multikernel embedded fusion UNet (MKEF-UNet): a robust deep learning approach for accurate segmentation of Chagas parasites

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TURKISH JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING AND COMPUTER SCIENCES 2025年第2期33卷 167-184页

作者： Kumar, Preet Brito-Loeza, Carlos Rada, Lavdie Bahcesehir Univ Fac Engn & Nat Sci Grad Program Informat Technol Istanbul Turkiye Autonomous Univ Yucatan Math Computat Learning & Imaging Res Merida Yucatan Mexico Bahcesehir Univ Fac Engn & Nat Sci Dept Biomed Engn Istanbul Turkiye

This paper introduces a novel approach for segmenting Chagas parasites on stained blood smear samples from mice during the acute phase of infection with Trypanosoma cruzi utilizing a U-Net-based deep learning model named multikernel embedded fusion UNet (MKEF-UNet). Our proposed model incorporates DenseNet-121 for feature extraction, a classifier module for predicting parasite information, and a segmentation decoder with multiscale feature fusion to generate precise segmentation results. Notably, the integration of the embedded vector module, multikernel convolutions with dilations, and advanced data augmentation techniques significantly enhance the model's robustness and generalization capabilities. In extensive experiments on the Chagas dataset, MKEF-UNet achieves state-of-the-art performance, attaining an intersection over union (IoU) of 0.8683 and a Dice score of 0.9189 on the test set. The paper provides a detailed exposition of the model's architecture, training methodology, and the employed loss functions. This research not only presents a novel segmentation approach but also underscores the model's superiority in accuracy and robustness through the incorporation of advanced features. By introducing robust components and techniques, MKEFUNet surpasses previous methods, showcasing its potential as a promising solution for the detection and segmentation of Chagas parasites in real-world scenarios.

关键词： Chagas disease Trypanosoma cruzi deep learning models image segmentation

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Altered Trajectories: Considering the Long-Term Impact of Educational Disruption during the COVID-19 Pandemic on Neurodevelopment and a Call to Action for Neuropsychology

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ARCHIVES OF CLINICAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGY 2024年第3期39卷 305-312页

作者： Colvin, Mary K. Reesman, Jennifer Glen, Tannahill Massachusetts Gen Hosp Dept Psychiat Boston MA USA Harvard Med Sch Boston MA USA Chesapeake Ctr ADHD Learning & Behav Hlth Bethesda MD USA Neuropsychol Inc Jacksonville FL USA Massachusetts Gen Hosp Learning & Emot Assessment Program LEAP One Bowdoin Sq 7th Floor Boston MA 02114 USA

Objective The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in educational disruption of historic breadth and duration. The impact of school closures and remote learning have been evaluated in recent studies and reflect critical data for neuropsychologists who routinely assess brain development as it relates to diagnosis, recommendations, and informing public *** Pre-pandemic and contemporaneous literature was summarized, including data on educational disruption and child and adolescent mental health challenges reported during the pandemic, and research on the impact of stress, social isolation, educational achievement, and other factors on brain development during critical developmental *** Studies indicate that prolonged educational disruption has resulted in attenuated learning gains, most remarkably for those already at risk for educational disparities. Studies have shown increased mental health challenges for youth during the pandemic, with higher rates of mood and eating disorders, and suicidal ideation. Given that some skills develop optimally within specific time periods, pandemic-related disruption has likely contributed to altered developmental *** Trajectory of neuropsychological development of children and adolescents, especially marginalized students, may be affected by effects on learning and mental health due to prolonged educational disruption and psychological stressors. Evaluation and treatment may be delayed due to backlog and increased demand. Clinical neuropsychological practice recommendations are presented with a call to action for the field in moving forward flexibly to increase access to evaluation services.

关键词： Educational disruption Remote learning Special education Neuropsychological assessment learning disability COVID-19

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Strategies and difficulties during students’ construction of data visualizations

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International Journal of STEM Education 2024年第1期11卷 1-22页

作者： Chang, Hsin-Yi Chang, Yen-Jung Tsai, Meng-Jung Program of Learning Sciences and Institute for Research Excellence in Learning Sciences National Taiwan Normal University #162 Sec.1 Heping E. Rd. Taipei City 106 Taiwan Department of Graphic Arts and Communications National Taiwan Normal University Taipei City Taiwan

Background: Data visualizations transform data into visual representations such as graphs, diagrams, charts and so forth, and enable inquiries and decision-making in many professional fields, as well as in public and economic areas. How students’ data visualization literacy (DVL), including constructing, comprehending, and utilizing adequate data visualizations, can be developed is gaining increasing attention in STEM education. As fundamental steps, the purpose of this study was to understand common student difficulties and useful strategies during the process of constructing data visualization so that suggestions and principles can be made for the design of curricula and interventions to develop students’ DVL. Methods: This study engaged 57 college and high school students in constructing data visualizations relating to the topic of air quality for a decision-making task. The students’ difficulties and strategies demonstrated during the process of data visualization were analyzed using multiple collected data sources including the students’ think-aloud transcripts, retrospective interview transcripts, and process videos that captured their actions with the data visualization tool. Qualitative coding was conducted to identify the students’ difficulties and strategies. Epistemic network analysis (ENA) was employed to generate network models revealing how the difficulties and strategies co-occurred, and how the college and high school students differed. Results: Six types of student difficulties and seven types of strategies were identified. The strategies were further categorized into non-, basic- and high-level metavisual strategies. About three-quarters of the participants employed basic or high-level metavisual strategies to overcome the technological and content difficulties. The high school students demonstrated a greater need to develop content knowledge and representation skills, whereas the college students needed more support to know how to simplify data to

关键词： Construction Data visualization Difficulty Epistemic network analysis Metacognitive strategy

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Relationships among class climate, students' internal help-seeking inclinations, participation in peer help and achievement in an online class

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BRITISH JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY 2024年第5期55卷 2132-2150页

作者： Huang, Kun Law, Victor Lee-Post, Anita Univ Kentucky Dept Curriculum & Instruct Lexington KY 40506 USA Univ New Mexico Program Org Informat & Learning Sci Albuquerque NM USA Univ Kentucky Dept Mkt & Supply Chain Lexington KY USA

Help seeking has traditionally been studied in face-to-face settings using self-report instruments measuring learners' internal inclinations for help seeking (eg, perceived benefits and threats). Much less is known about help seeking in online learning. Furthermore, external environmental factors such as a positive climate were found to encourage help seeking. Utilizing peer-help analytics as well as self-report measures, this study simultaneously modelled the structural relationships among students' perceived class climate, internal help-seeking inclinations, help-seeking engagement, participation in peer help and performance in an online class. Results from structural equation modelling indicated that students' perceived goal structure of an online class had a significant influence on their internal help-seeking inclinations, which subsequently affected their help-seeking engagement, participation in peer help and learning outcomes. Instructors of online classes should pay particular attention to fostering a mastery-oriented climate in order to encourage help seeking and improve academic *** notes What is already known about this topic Help seeking is important for academic success. Due to a variety of individual and contextual factors, students often do not seek help despite the need. Existing research on help seeking focuses on the face-to-face setting and relies on self-report measures. Students' help-seeking inclinations and patterns may differ between in-person classes and the online environment. What this paper adds This study examined help seeking in an online class through self-report measures and objective analytics data. This study modelled the structural relationships among the external climate of an online class, students' internal help-seeking inclinations, engagement in help seeking, participation in peer help and course performance. Structural equation modelling found that the goal structure of an online class influenced student

关键词： class climate help seeking learning analytics online learning self-regulated learning

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Adult Basic Education Under WIOA Title II Implementation: An Integrative Literature Review

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ADULT EDUCATION QUARTERLY 2023年第2期73卷 113-132页

作者： Cherewka, Alexis Prins, Esther Penn State Univ Lifelong Learning & Adult Educ Program 305B Keller Bldg University Pk PA 16802 USA

Adult basic education (ABE) scholars, practitioners, and policymakers have long debated the purpose and outcomes of federal ABE policy. Although the current policy, the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (WIOA), became law in 2014, there is no comprehensive analysis of the diverging perspectives on WIOA implementation. This integrative literature review generates a synthesis of WIOA-Title II implementation and suggests implications for future research. Based on a thematic analysis of 35 publications (2014-2021), the paper elaborates on four themes: limited ABE funding and the need to use funds efficiently, WIOA-mandated coordination between ABE providers and workforce development partners, increased accountability requirements that narrowly focus on economic outcomes, and framing adult education for economic purposes. Future research on WIOA-Title II implementation should build on this foundation to inquire for whom WIOA works, where it works, and under what conditions it is or isn't successful in helping learners to flourish.

关键词： policy Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (WIOA) adult basic education literature review

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Using a scoring template to identify intervention goals for adolescent social communication interventions

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JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION DISORDERS 2025年 115卷 106513-106513页

作者： Poll, Gerard H. Boone, William J. Petru, Janis Miami Univ Dept Speech Pathol & Audiol Oxford OH USA Miami Univ Dept Educ Psychol Program Learning Sci & Human Dev Oxford OH USA Elmhurst Univ Dept Commun Sci & Disorders Elmhurst IL USA

Background: Social communication is a critical skill for adolescents at risk for communication disorders as they transition from compulsory education to adult contexts. Identifying intervention goals that are well tailored to the individual requires information from assessments that 1) describe the examinee's present level of social communication ability and 2) identify skills that are just beyond the examinee's current ability level that may challenge the examinee. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of a new assessment of social communication for adolescents, and to explore whether a Rasch keyform - a scoring template that links an examinee's overall ability to their scores on individual instrument items-provides an interpretable assessment output for intervention goal selection. Method: The new Transition Pragmatics Interview (TPI;Poll et al., 2024) was administered to 109 adolescents (14 to 21 years) of varied social communication abilities. Data were analyzed using Rasch analysis to evaluate the psychometrics of the TPI. Keyform displays for employment-related TPI items were generated for three participants at different levels of ability. Results: Analyses supported the TPI as a unidimensional and reliable scale. Keyform displays facilitated the identification of transition zones for each of the three exemplar respondents. Transition zones are item sets at difficulty levels associated with emerging participant abilities. Conclusions: TPI keyforms detailed the present level of participant ability and identified items which would be the next most challenging. Data from three exemplar respondents were reviewed in order to show how keyforms could provide information to identify appropriate social communication intervention goals when combined with the examinee's career goals, academic standards, and industry standards for social communication.

关键词： Social communication Pragmatics Assessment Adolescents Keyform Rasch analysis

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Behavior-relevant top-down cross-modal predictions in mouse neocortex

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NATURE NEUROSCIENCE 2024年第2期27卷 298-+页

作者： Han, Shuting Helmchen, Fritjof Univ Zurich Brain Res Inst Zurich Switzerland Univ Zurich Neurosci Ctr Zurich ZNZ Zurich Switzerland Univ Zurich Adapt Brain Circuits Dev & Learning Univ Res Prior Program URPP Zurich Switzerland

Animals adapt to a constantly changing world by predicting their environment and the consequences of their actions. The predictive coding hypothesis proposes that the brain generates predictions and continuously compares them with sensory inputs to guide behavior. However, how the brain reconciles conflicting top-down predictions and bottom-up sensory information remains unclear. To address this question, we simultaneously imaged neuronal populations in the mouse somatosensory barrel cortex and posterior parietal cortex during an auditory-cued texture discrimination task. In mice that had learned the task with fixed tone-texture matching, the presentation of mismatched pairing induced conflicts between tone-based texture predictions and actual texture inputs. When decisions were based on the predicted rather than the actual texture, top-down information flow was dominant and texture representations in both areas were modified, whereas dominant bottom-up information flow led to correct representations and behavioral choice. Our findings provide evidence for hierarchical predictive coding in the mouse neocortex.

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