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An efficient direct-forcing immersed boundary method for flow around a pair of spheres

International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 2024年第12期96卷 1830-1863页

作者： Lo, Der Chang Lee, Katherine Shen, Pao-Lan Department of Maritime Information and Technology National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology Kaohsiung City Taiwan PhD Program in Maritime Science and Technology College of Maritime National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology Kaohsiung City Taiwan

The numerical study of flow around a pair of spheres and a square array of spheres is investigated by using a direct-forcing immersed boundary method. Using high resolution three-dimensional computations, we analyzed the flow around several configurations: a sphere, a pair of spheres in a tandem arrangement with center-to-center streamwise ratio L/D ranging from 1 to 6, and a square array with 9 spheres in a uniform arrangement. In the latter case, we explore the ratio of array diameter (DG) to sphere diameter (D) at 4, 5, 6 and 7. The center-to-center streamwise and transverse pitch is the same, varied from L/D = 1.5, 2, 2.5 to 3, and they were arranged in a square periodic array to allow uniform distribution within the array. Based on the effective direct-forcing immersed boundary projection method, the fractional time marching methodology is applied for solving four field variables involving three velocities and one pressure component. The pressure Poisson equation is advanced in space by using the fast Fourier transform (FFT) and a tridiagonal matrix algorithm (TDMA), effectively solving for the diagonally dominant tridiagonal matrix equations. A direct-forcing immersed boundary method is involved to treat the interfacial terms by adding the appropriate sources as force function at the boundary, separating the phases. Geometries featuring the stationary solid obstacles in the flow are embedded in the Cartesian grid with special discretizations near the embedded boundary using a discrete Dirac delta function to ensure the accuracy of the solution in the cut cells. An important characteristic of flow over the multiple spheres is devised by comparing with the drag and lift coefficients, as well as vortex shedding. © 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

关键词： Spheres

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Application of a Self-Assembly Sensing Layer to Grating Sensor Cabinets for Biomedical Sensing of Rheumatoid Arthritis Antigen-Antibodies

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IEEE Sensors Journal 2024年第7期24卷 10039-10047页

作者： Wen, Hsin-Yi Hsu, Hsiang-Cheng Feng, Wen-Kai Jhan, Kai-Siang Yeh, Yao-Tsung Chiang, Chia-Chin National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering Kaohsiung80778 Taiwan National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology College of Maritime Department of Ph.D. Program in Maritime Science and Technology Kaohsiung807618 Taiwan National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology Department of Mechanical Engineering Kaohsiung80778 Taiwan Fooyin University Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology Kaohsiung83102 Taiwan

In this article, we harnessed biomedical applications in laser-assisted etching long-period fiber gratings (LLPFGs) sensors, subsequently deploying them within the realm of biomedical applications. The primary aim of this study was to devise a sensitive method for the detection of antigen-antibodies associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) using LLPFGs. Sensing the antigen binding took place on the surface of the optical fiber through a self-assembling process. Given the inherent limitations of conventional rheumatoid factor (RF) testing in terms of specificity, we introduced an innovative serum-based approach geared toward the identification of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (Anti-CCP) antibodies. This method exhibited an impressive diagnostic accuracy rate of approximately 80% for RA cases, coupled with an exceptional specificity level of 98% for individuals without RA. The incorporation of LLPFGs in the detection of RA antigen-antibodies presents a highly promising avenue for enhancing the precision and reliability of RA diagnosis. Furthermore, this research aligns closely with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal (SDG)3, which strives to promote well-being across all age groups and advance sustainable development by addressing health-related challenges, including the accurate diagnosis of diseases like RA. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Antibodies

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Using Artificial Intelligence to Achieve Health Promotion for the Elderly by Utilizing the Power of Virtual Reality 23

Using Artificial Intelligence to Achieve Health Promotion fo...

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5th International Electronics Communication Conference, IECC 2023

作者： Li, Hsiao-Hui Liao, Yuan-Hsun Hsu, Chiao-Ti Program in Chain Store Management Tainan University of Technology Taiwan The Department of Maritime Information and Technology National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9798400708855

The global population is undergoing major demographic changes, with the number of older people increasing and the number of children decreasing. There are nearly 50 million people worldwide with Alzheimer's disease, and that number is expected to exceed 130 million by 2050, according to the International Dementia Association. Lack of engagement in mental and physical activities will lead to cognitive decline and various health problems in older adults. To address these challenges, this study proposes the use of an artificial intelligence model to develop a personalized game that analyzes users' activity data and provides timely feedback on appropriate health-promoting activities. By following the suggestions provided by the game, users can engage in health-promoting activities that are appropriate to their needs, ensuring that the intensity of the activity is not too high or too low. The artificial intelligence dynamically adjusts the game content according to the user's current state to achieve a progressive and targeted health promotion effect. The experimental results show that the system developed in this study is effective in promoting the health of the elderly. © 2023 ACM.

关键词： Neurodegenerative diseases

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Properties of the mixing layer height retrieved from ceilometer measurements in Slovakia and its relationship to the air pollutant concentrations

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Environmental science and Pollution Research 2023年第54期30卷 115666-115682页

作者： Nguyen, Duy-Hieu Štefánik, Dušan Šedivá, Tereza Lin, Chitsan Ph.D. Program in Maritime Science and Technology College of Maritime National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology Kaohsiung811213 Taiwan Slovak Hydrometeorological Institute Jeséniova 17 Bratislava833 15 Slovakia Faculty of Mathematics Physics and Informatics Comenius University in Bratislava Mlynská Dolina F1 Bratislava842 48 Slovakia Department of Marine Environmental Engineering National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology Kaohsiung811213 Taiwan

Mixing layer height (MLH) is an important meteorological parameter for air quality since it significantly affects ground-level pollution in the atmosphere. This study examined the properties of the MLH on diurnal and seasonal timescales over a 3-year period (2020–2022) using high temporal resolution measurements from eight Vaisala CL31 ceilometers situated around Slovakia. Hourly averaged MLH data was retrieved from the BL-View software using merged method. The highest daily maxima for the MLH occurred mostly in summer and spring, while the lowest values occurred predominantly during winter and autumn. The average MLH daily maximum in summer was 2229 m, and just 859 m in winter. During summer, the spatial distribution of the MLH daily maxima was more uniform compared to winter, when the air masses within the individual valleys did not mix well. Correlations between ground-level pollutant concentrations and hourly mean/daily mean MLH were analyzed. The highest correlation, R≈0.6, was found for O3. For PM10, PM2.5, and NOx, the anticorrelations with MLH were found with maximum in winter (R ≈ − 0.3 for hourly data and R ≈ − 0.5 for daily mean data) but no relation in summer. Lastly, the ceilometer MLH was compared to the radiosonde retrieved MLH for various cloud covers. Our analysis is based on an extensive set of empirical data, which can improve the accuracy and effectiveness of meteorological and atmospheric chemistry models. The findings can support air pollution forecasting and warning systems, providing valuable insights for policymakers and researchers. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.

关键词： Air quality

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Hybrid air conditioning and seawater desalination system assisted by solar energy: thermoeconomic investigation and optimization

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Journal of Engineering and Applied science 2024年第1期71卷 148页

作者： Yosry, Nashwa Elgendy, Essam Mostafa, Ahmed Fatouh, Mohamed Mechanical Power Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering at El-Mattaria Helwan University Cairo Egypt Mechanical Engineering Department College of Engineering & ampTechnology at Arab Academy for Science Technology & ampMaritime Transport Sheraton Cairo Egypt Energy and Renewable Energy Engineering Program Faculty of Engineering and Technology Egyptian Chinese University Ain Shams Egypt

The demand for freshwater has become progressively critical due to population growth and water scarcity. The current work investigates the energetic performance of a hybrid absorption refrigeration and desalination system. A parametric study for the system operating conditions has been performed to get the optimal conditions. Also, economic analysis and a multi-objective optimization method are used with the aim of maximizing the energy utilization factor of the system and minimizing total costs. The specific cost of desalinated water from the multi-objective optimization is calculated as (1.728 Cent/L) with the greatest energy utilization factor of (2.214). It turns out that, the system performs optimum at condensation and generation temperatures of 30 and 65 °C respectively, with resultant COP and GOR of 0.84 and 1.37. Using the optimum conditions, TRNSYS has been used to investigate the transient performance of the system for Marsa–Matrouh City in Egypt. The cooling and freshwater demands are 10 kW and 24 L/h. It was concluded that the input energy required to run the hybrid system decreased by about 65% less than that required for separate systems. With the assistance of solar energy, it became clear that the energy required was 60% less than the hybrid system as well. © The Author(s) 2024.

关键词： Hybrid systems

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Determinants of customer value at department stores in Taiwan: An application of fuzzy AHP

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Journal of Intelligent and Fuzzy Systems 2023年第6期44卷 9073-9089页

作者： Ding, Ji-Feng Weng, Ju-Hui Chou, Chien-Chang Department of Aviation and Maritime Transportation Management Chang Jung Christian University Tainan City Taiwan The Ph.D. Program in Business and Operations Management Chang Jung Christian University Tainan City Taiwan Department of Shipping Technology National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology Kaohsiung Taiwan

Evaluating the factors affecting customer value in department stores will shed light on the motivations of customers when choosing department stores, which will help department stores to improve their business performance and competitiveness. This paper applies the fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method to empirically analyze the determinants of customer value at department stores in Taiwan. This study first found the major factors influencing customer value at department stores in Taiwan through a review of the literature and expert interviews, and these factors consisted of four evaluation dimensions and 20 evaluation criteria. An empirical investigation was then conducted through an AHP expert questionnaire survey. The main findings of this paper were as follows: (1) 'Physical environment' was the most important evaluation dimension for customer value at department stores in Taiwan. (2) The four leading factors influencing customer value in department stores were 'roomy and comfortable space,' 'responsive customer service,' 'planning of lines of movement at counters,' and 'parking area and facilities.' This study also performed further discussion of the four evaluation criteria as a reference for department stores that wish to raise their competitiveness. © 2023 - IOS Press. All rights reserved.

关键词： Analytic hierarchy process

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Assessment of key risk factors in the cold chain logistics operations of container carriers using best worst method

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International Journal of Refrigeration 2023年 153卷 116-126页

作者： Ding, Ji-Feng Weng, Ju-Hui Chou, Chien-Chang Department of Aviation and Maritime Transportation Management Chang Jung Christian University Tainan71101 Taiwan Ph.D. Program in Business and Operations Management Chang Jung Christian University Tainan71101 Taiwan Department of Shipping Technology National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology Kaohsiung80543 Taiwan

Given that reefer containers are highly dependent on their temperature control function, container carriers must pay particular attention to the risks occurring during cold chain logistics. Assessment of cold chain safety risks can therefore reduce chance of accidents and concern for product damage. The goal of this study was to use the best worst method (BWM) to assess key risk factors in container carriers' cold chain logistics operations. After gathering relevant information from the literature and conducting expert interviews, this study preliminarily determined risk factors affecting container carriers' cold chain logistics operations, and obtained 15 risk factors in 3 risk assessment aspects. A BWM model was then developed and tested using empirical data from a questionnaire survey of experts. The results indicated that (1) the "shipper risk" aspect is the most important risk link for container carriers' cold chain logistics;(2) the 6 key risk factors with the greatest effect on container carriers' cold chain logistics are "excessively long container loading time," "insufficient pre-cooling of goods," "poor or improper product packaging," "dockside or shipboard power supply system malfunction," "improper cargo stacking," and "human error affecting temperature settings." As a reference for container carriers engaging in cold chain logistics, this study also suggests risk management strategies intended to enhance cold chain safety and performance. © 2023

关键词： Risk assessment

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Integration of a Microfluidics System With a U-Shaped Optical Fiber Sensor for Sensing Various Concentrations of Glucose

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IEEE Sensors Journal 2024年第13期24卷 20617-20628页

作者： Hsiang-Cheng Hsu Tien-Bao Tran Thi Thuy-Vy Nguyen Hoang-Dang Le Chia-Chin Chiang Department of Ph.D. Program in Maritime Science and Technology College of Maritime National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology Kaohsiung Taiwan Department of Mechanical Engineering National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology Kaohsiung Taiwan College of Engineering Can Tho University Ninh Kieu Can Tho Vietnam

This study introduces a successfully manufactured U-shaped optical fiber sensor integrated with a microfluidics system to detect varying glucose concentrations. It outlines the fabrication process of the microfluidics system, accomplished using a CO2 laser on polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) material. Through three cycles of experiments involving different glucose concentrations, the results indicate a consistent trend in both resonance wavelength and transmission loss, showing an increase as glucose concentration rises from 5% to 50%. The system demonstrates a high wavelength sensitivity coefficient of 0.114 nm/% with ${R}^{{2}} =0.95$ and a notable transmission loss sensitivity of 0.09 dB/% and ${R}^{{2}} =0.94$ . This advanced system proves to be effective in achieving rapid, sensitive, and cost-efficient glucose monitoring. Consequently, the microfluidics system is deemed suitable for its intended purpose.

关键词： Microfluidics Glucose Optical fiber sensors Sensors Sensitivity Claddings Viscosity

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Using Modified YOLOv4 for Military Target Detection

Using Modified YOLOv4 for Military Target Detection

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2022 IET International Conference on Engineering Technologies and Applications, IET-ICETA 2022

作者： Pan, Jung-Hung Lin, Chiu-Chin Lee, Jen-Chun Chen, Chung-Hsien National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology Department of Telecommunication Engineering Kaohsiung Taiwan National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology Technology Talent Bechelor's Program in Intelligent Maritime Kaohsiung Taiwan Changhua Taiwan

ISBN: (数字)9781665491389

ISBN: (纸本)9781665491389

We propose methods for object detection based on remote sensing images. This method further improves detection accuracy and decreases error rates. Modified YOLOv4 is an accelerated neural network model based on the YOLO (YouOnly-Look-Once) object detection method. It outperforms existing networks in terms of execution time and detection performance. The experimental results show improved mAP (mean average precision) performance of the proposed method for object detection in remote sensing images. We thus propose a novel system for automatic object detection for high-resolution remote sensing images. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Object detection

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Steel billet serial number detection based on deep learning

Steel billet serial number detection based on deep learning

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2022 IET International Conference on Engineering Technologies and Applications, IET-ICETA 2022

作者： Xiao, Lu Qing Lin, Chiu-Chin Chen, Chung-Hsien Lee, Jen-Chun National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology Department of Telecommunication Engineering Kaohsiung Taiwan National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology Technology Talent Bechelor's Program in Intelligent Maritime Kaohsiung Taiwan Changhua Taiwan

ISBN: (数字)9781665491389

ISBN: (纸本)9781665491389

Nowadays, steel embryos are necessary materials for human, and steel embryos can be used in shipbuilding, bridges, pressure vessels, and mechanical parts. The steel embryos are formed by a series of physical and chemical reactions of iron ore, limestone and coking coal through a shaft furnace. After roller compaction, the steel embryos are gradually formed, then a set of serial numbers will be given by the thermal printing machine. These numbers will determine which the processing plant will be sent. In order to speed up the classification of steel embryos and reduce human resources, we use YOLOv4-tiny (You Only Look One version4-tiny) for serial number detection. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Lime

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