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Scientific World Journal 2014年第1期2014卷 424513页

作者： Makino, Akira Kimura, Shunsaku Biomedical Imaging Research Center (BIRC) University of Fukui Fukui 910-1193 Japan Research and Education Program for Life Science University of Fukui Fukui 910-1193 Japan Department of Material Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University Kyoto 615-8510 Japan

Polymer nanoparticles can be prepared by self-assembling of amphiphilic polymers, and various types of molecular assemblies have been reported. In particular, in medicinal fields, utilization of these polymer nanoparticles as carriers for drug delivery system (DDS) has been actively tried, and some nanoparticulate drugs are currently under preclinical evaluations. A radionuclide is an unstable nucleus and decays with emission of radioactive rays, which can be utilized as a tracer in the diagnostic imaging systems of PET and SPECT and also in therapeutic purposes. Since polymer nanoparticles can encapsulate most of diagnostic and therapeutic agents with a proper design of amphiphilic polymers, they should be effective DDS carriers of radionuclides in the nuclear medicinal field. Indeed, nanoparticles have been recently attracting much attention as common platform carriers for diagnostic and therapeutic drugs and contribute to the development of nanotheranostics. In this paper, recent developments of solid tumor-targeting polymer nanoparticles in nuclear medicinal fields are reviewed. © 2014 Akira Makino and Shunsaku Kimura.

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Characterization of indigo-doped poly(3-hexylthiophene):-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester bulk heterojunction solar cells

Characterization of indigo-doped poly(3-hexylthiophene):-phe...

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作者： Lu, Yang-Ming Wong, Jing-Syun Hsu, Lien-Chung Master Program of Electro-Optical Engineering Department of Electrical Engineering National University of Tainan Tainan Taiwan Graduate Institute of Material Science and Engineering National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan

Poly(3-hexylthiophene)/[6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester bulk hetero-junction photovoltaic cells doped with indigo dye as a p-type solar collector were studied. Doping indigo increases the absorption of the visible light spectrum, as determined using ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry analysis. The photocurrent was measured in air under a solar simulator with AM 1.5G illumination (100 mW/cm2). The best photovoltaic efficiency obtained was 2.55% after doping indigo into the cell. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Organic solar cells

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Localized Excited Charge Carriers Generate Ultrafast Inhomogeneous Strain in the Multiferroic BiFeO3

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Physical Review Letters 2014年第9期112卷 097602-097602页

作者： Daniel Schick Marc Herzog Haidan Wen Pice Chen Carolina Adamo Peter Gaal Darrell G. Schlom Paul G. Evans Yuelin Li Matias Bargheer Institut für Physik und Astronomie Universität Potsdam Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25 14476 Potsdam Germany Abteilung Physikalische Chemie Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Faradayweg 4-6 14195 Berlin Germany X-Ray Science Division Argonne National Laboratory Argonne Illinois 60439 USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Materials Science Program University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison Wisconsin 53706 USA Department of Material Science and Engineering Cornell University Ithaca New York 14853 USA Department of Applied Physics Stanford University Stanford California 94305-4045 USA Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH Wilhelm-Conrad-Röntgen Campus BESSY II Albert-Einstein-Straße 15 12489 Berlin Germany Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science Ithaca New York 14853 USA

We apply ultrafast x-ray diffraction with femtosecond temporal resolution to monitor the lattice dynamics in a thin film of multiferroic BiFeO3 after above-band-gap photoexcitation. The sound-velocity limited evolution of the observed lattice strains indicates a quasi-instantaneous photoinduced stress which decays on a nanosecond time scale. This stress exhibits an inhomogeneous spatial profile evidenced by the broadening of the Bragg peak. These new data require substantial modification of existing models of photogenerated stresses in BiFeO3: the relevant excited charge carriers must remain localized to be consistent with the data.

关键词： Bismuth compounds

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Electroless nickel phosphorus plating on carbon steel

Electroless nickel phosphorus plating on carbon steel

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materials science and Technology Conference and Exhibition 2013, MS and T 2013

作者： Lin, Cui Dadvand, Nazila Farhat, Zoheir Kipouros, Georges J. Materials Engineering Program Department of Process Engineering and Applied Science Dalhousie University 1360 Barrington Street Halifax NS B3H 4R2 Canada School of Material Science and Engineering Nanchang Hangkong University 696 Fenghenan Road Nanchang Jiangxi 330063 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781629933092

Electroless nickel-phosphorus coatings are important for corrosion and wear protection. The preparation of electroless nickel-phosphorus coating on carbon steel substrate in an ammonia free friendly bath consisting of Nichem 1125-2A 75g/L and Nichem 1125-2B 230g/L at a temperature of 89°C and pH of 4.8 for 90 minutes was studied. Optical microscopy(OM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), x-ray diffraction (XRD) were utilized to characterize the deposits. A nanoindentation system and a dry reciprocating wear test were used to investigate microhardness and wear resistance, respectively. A homogeneous coating with good adherence was produced. Structural characterization suggests that the deposited Ni-P coating has an amorphous structure with 9-11 wt.% phosphorus content. The micro-hardness of Ni-P coating is more than twofold that of substrate, indicating the coating can improve the hardness of carbon steel. The wear rates and steady state friction coefficients of Ni-P coating and carbon steel are 4.77×10 -2 mg/m, 0.37 and 5.63×10-2 mg/m, 0.51, respectively, at a load of 6N under dry sliding condition, This reveals that the Ni-P coating can offer better wear resistance compared to carbon steel. Copyright © 2013 MS&T'13®.

关键词： Wear resistance

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Ablative performance of graded polyetherimide nanocomposite foams

Ablative performance of graded polyetherimide nanocomposite ...

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SAMPE Tech 2013 Conference and Exhibition

作者： Jiang, Wei Sundarram, Sriharsha S. Wong, Derek Koo, Joseph H. Li, Wei Nano and Bio Materials Processing and Manufacturing Lab. Dept. of Mechanical Engineering University of Texas at Austin Austin TX United States Material Science and Engineering Program United States KAI LLC Austin TX United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781934551158

Many current thermal protection systems employ polymer resins as an ablative material. Foamed polymer nanocomposites usually exhibit improved thermal properties compared to the solid counterparts. This study evaluates the ablative performance of foamed polyetherimide (PEI)- Clay-Kraton (PCK) nanocomposites for thermal protection applications. PEI was compounded with nanoclay to improve the flame retardant property and Kraton to mitigate the loss of ductility. The PCK nanocomposite samples were foamed using a batch solid-state foaming process under variable saturation and foaming conditions. The ablative performance of the samples was analyzed based on a standard burn test with respect to the material composition and foaming condition. The results show that graded PCK composite foams can be obtained using the solid state foaming process. The porous structure can be controlled by adjusting the process conditions, including saturation time and pressure. It is further shown that the ablative performance of the nanocomposite foam can be optimized among clay loading, Kraton loading, and porosity of the foams.

关键词： Nanocomposites

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Tin (Sn) for enhancing performance in silicon CMOS

Tin (Sn) for enhancing performance in silicon CMOS

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IEEE Nanotechnology materials and Devices Conference (NMDC)

作者： Aftab M. Hussain Hossain M. Fahad Nirpendra Singh Galo A. Torres Sevilla Udo Schwingenschlögl Muhammad M. Hussain Integrated Nanotechnology Lab Electrical Engineering Program of King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal Saudi Arabia Material Science and Engineering Program of King Abdullah Universe of Science and Technology Thuwal Saudi Arabia

We study a group IV element: tin (Sn) by integrating it into silicon lattice, to enhance the performance of silicon CMOS. We have evaluated the electrical properties of the SiSn lattice by performing simulations using First-principle studies, followed by experimental device fabrication and characterization. We fabricated high-κ/metal gate based Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor capacitors (MOSCAPs) using SiSn as channel material to study the impact of Sn integration into silicon.

关键词： Silicon Three-dimensional displays Performance evaluation Logic gates Gold Switches Large scale integration

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Solution-processed zinc oxide nanoparticles as interlayer materials for inverted organic solar cells

Solution-processed zinc oxide nanoparticles as interlayer ma...

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作者： Ibrahem, Mohammed Aziz Wei, Hung-Yu Tsai, Meng-Hung Ho, Kuo-Chuan Shyue, Jing-Jong Chu, Chih Wie Department of Physics National Taiwan University Taipei 106 Taiwan Research Center of Applied Science Academia Sinica Taipei 115 Taiwan Nanoscience and Technology Program Taiwan International Graduate Program Academia Sinica Taipei 115 Taiwan Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei 10617 Taiwan Department of Material Science and Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei 106 Taiwan Department of Photonics National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 300 Taiwan

This paper describes inverted bulk heterojunction organic solar cells featuring solution-processed zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) as an electron extraction layer, prepared at relatively low annealing temperatures (≤150°C). A solution of ZnO NPs (average size: 25 nm) was prepared using a wet grinding method. When the ZnO interlayer was present in the solar cell, the vertical phase separation of the active layers prepared with and without solvent annealing exhibited similar gradient concentrations and, therefore, similar photocurrent generation, both of which were superior to those of conventional devices incorporating a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrene sulfonic acid) (PEDOT:PSS) hole extraction layer. We attribute this vertical phase separation to the similar surface energies of the fullerene derivative and the ZnO interlayer. Under simulated air mass (AM) 1.5 G illumination at 100 mW cm-2, the power conversion efficiency of the optimized device was approximately 4%. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Zinc oxide

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Graphene/fluoropolymer hybrid materials with enhancement of all device properties for improved field-effect transistors

Graphene/fluoropolymer hybrid materials with enhancement of ...

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International Electron Devices Meeting (IEDM)

作者： Tae-Jun Ha Jongho Lee Li Tao Iskandar Kholmanov Rodney S Ruoff Peter J. Rossky Deji Akinwande Ananth Dodabalapur Microelectronics Research Center Mechanical Engineering and the Material Science and Engineering Program Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The University of Texas Austin TX U.S.A

We report on the substantial improvement of the electronic characteristics of field-effect transistors (FETs) based on chemical vapor deposition (CVD) graphene, reduced graphene oxide (RGO), and molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ) by an interacting capping layer of appropriate amorphous or polycrystalline fluoropolymers. All the key 2-dimensional device properties are improved including mobilities, on-off current ratio, electron-hole transport symmetry, Dirac voltage, and reduced residual carrier density.

关键词： Graphene Field effect transistors Logic gates MONOS devices Temperature Scattering materials

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Energy barriers for point-defect reactions in 3C-SiC

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Physical Review B 2013年第5期88卷 054105-054105页

作者： Ming-Jie Zheng Narasimhan Swaminathan Dane Morgan Izabela Szlufarska Materials Science and Engineering Department University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison Wisconsin USA Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai 600036 India Material Science Program University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison Wisconsin USA

Energy barriers of the key annealing reactions of neutral and charged point defects in SiC are calculated with ab initio density functional theory methods. In order to effectively search for the lowest energy migration paths the preliminary path is first established based on ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations. The energy barrier of each hop is then calculated via climbing image nudged elastic band methods for paths guided by the AIMD simulations. The final paths and barriers are determined by comparing different pathways. The annealing reactions have important implications in understanding the amorphization, recovery, and other aspects of the radiation response of SiC. The results are compared with the literature data and experimental results on SiC recovery and amorphization. We propose that the C interstitial and Si antisite annealing reaction may provide a critical barrier that governs both the recovery stage III and amorphization processes.

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Tunable optical antennas enabled by the phase transition in vanadium dioxide

Tunable optical antennas enabled by the phase transition in ...

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作者： Earl, Stuart K. James, Timothy D. Davis, Timothy J. McCallum, Jeffrey C. Marvel, Robert E. Haglund Jr., Richard F. Roberts, Ann School of Physics University of Melbourne VIC 3010 Australia Australian National Fabrication Facility Clayton VIC 3168 Australia CSIRO Material Science and Engineering Private Bag 33 Clayton VIC 3168 Australia Interdisciplinary Materials Science Program Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37235 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37325 United States

Optical antennas, subwavelength metallic structures resonating at visible frequencies, are a relatively new branch of antenna technology being applied in science, technology and medicine. Dynamically tuning the resonances of these antennas would increase their range of application and offer potential increases in plasmonic device efficiencies. Silver nanoantenna arrays were fabricated on a thin film of the phase change material vanadium dioxide (VO2) and the resonant wavelength of these arrays was modulated by increasing the temperature of the substrate above the critical temperature (approximately 68°C). Depending on the array, wavelength modulation of up to 110 nm was observed. ©2013 Optical Society of America.

关键词： Vanadium dioxide

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