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Harnessing the power of functionalized biochar:progress,challenges,and future perspectives in energy,water treatment,and environmental sustainability

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Biochar 2024年第1期6卷 407-486页

作者： Muhammad Zubair Yameen Salman Raza Naqvi Dagmar Juchelková Muhammad Nouman Aslam Khan Laboratory of Alternative Fuels and Sustainability School of Chemical and Materials Engineering(SCME)National University of Sciences and Technology(NUST)Sector H-12Islamabad 44000Pakistan. Department of Electronics Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer ScienceVŠB-Technical University of Ostrava17.Listopadu 2172/1570800 OstravaPorubaCzech Republic. Department of Engineering and Chemical Sciences Karlstad UniversityKarlstadSweden.

The swift advancement of sustainable energy technologies,coupled with the urgent need to address environmental challenges,has generated considerable interest in the multifaceted applications of biochar materials to promote energy,water,and environmental *** comprehensive review examines recent advancements in the production and applications of functionalized biochar materials,emphasizing their pivotal roles in energy conversion and storage,wastewater treatment,CO_(2)reduction,soil amelioration,and the promotion of carbon neutrality within a circular economy *** functionalization of biochar materials involves surface chemistry and porosity modifications,achieved through techniques like templating,chemical activation,metal impregnation,or heteroatom *** modifications substantially enhance the catalytic activity,energy storage capacity,and cycling stability of biochar materials,making them particularly effective in diverse energy applications such as water splitting,fuel cells,and ***,functionalized biochar materials demonstrate remarkable efficacy as catalysts and adsorbents in wastewater treatment,proficiently removing pollutants like heavy metals,organic contaminants,and nutrients,thereby facilitating resource recovery from *** review also underscores the potential of functionalized biochar materials in CO_(2)capture and conversion,exploring innovative strategies to augment their CO_(2)adsorption capacity and state-of-the-art catalytic processes for transforming captured CO_(2)into valuable fuels and *** summary,this review offers valuable insights into the recent advancements in biochar research,underscoring its substantial commercial potential as a versatile material contributing to a cleaner and more sustainable future.

关键词： Engineered biochar Sustainable energy technologies Wastewater treatment Carbon reduction Circular economy

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Work Function: Fundamentals, Measurement, Calculation, engineering, and Applications

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Physical Review Applied 2023年第3期19卷 037001-037001页

作者： Lin Lin Ryan Jacobs Tianyu Ma Dongzheng Chen John Booske Dane Morgan Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison USA

The work function, which is the energy barrier for an electron escaping from the surface of a material, is a fundamental material surface property with many applications spanning energy harvesting, heterogeneous catalysis, vacuum electronics, and solid-state electronics. In this review, we define different aspects of the work function through an electrostatic potential treatment. We discuss in detail the role of electric fields, especially the heterogeneous surface patch field, in order to clarify potential points of confusion about work-function measurement and interpretation. We review standard experimental approaches to measure work function and the use of density-functional theory as a computational tool to predict work function. We then discuss the influence of materials chemistry and structure on work-function trends. We also discuss the role of work function in various applications, including a particular focus on relative electron energy-level alignment. Finally, we discuss two common approaches for engineering work-function values for specific applications: tuning the Fermi level and tuning the surface dipole. This review provides guidance for researchers interested in the intersection of work function, surface characterization, surface and interface physics and chemistry, and materials and device design for a wide array of technologically relevant applications.

关键词： electrical properties Electrochemical properties Electron emission Electronic structure Surface & interfacial phenomena Devices Metals Semiconductors

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Efficient simulations of Hartree-Fock equations by an accelerated gradient descent method

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Physical Review E 2024年第5期110卷 055304页

作者： Y. Ohno A. Del Maestro T. I. Lakoba Department of Mathematics and Statistics Department of Physics and Astronomy Min H. Kao Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Institute for Advanced Materials & Manufacturing

We develop convergence acceleration procedures that enable a gradient descent-type iteration method to efficiently simulate Hartree-Fock equations for many particles interacting both with each other and with an external potential. Our development focuses on three aspects: (i) optimization of a parameter in the preconditioning operator; (ii) adoption of a technique that eliminates the slowest-decaying mode to the case of many equations (describing many particles); and (iii) a novel extension of the above technique that allows one to eliminate multiple modes simultaneously. We illustrate performance of the numerical method for the two-dimensional model of the first layer of helium atoms above a graphene sheet. We demonstrate that incorporation of aspects (i) and (ii) above into the “plain” gradient descent method accelerates it by at least two orders of magnitude, and often by much more. Aspect (iii)—the multiple-mode elimination—may bring further improvement to the convergence rate compared to aspect (ii), the single-mode elimination. Both single- and multiple-mode elimination techniques are shown to significantly outperform the well-known Anderson Acceleration. We believe that our acceleration techniques can also be employed by other iterative methods, especially those handling hard-core-type interaction of many particles.

关键词： First-principles calculations Hartree-Fock methods Numerical techniques

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VISION-iT:A Framework for Digitizing Bubbles and Droplets

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Energy and AI 2024年第1期15卷 26-35页

作者： Youngjoon Suh Sanghyeon Chang Peter Simadiris Tiffany B.Inouye Muhammad Jahidul Hoque Siavash Khodakarami Chirag Kharangate Nenad Miljkovic Yoonjin Won Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of CaliforniaIrvine4200 Engineering GatewayCA 92617-2700USA Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of CaliforniaIrvine5200 Engineering HallCA 92617-2700USA Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIL 61801USA Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOH44106USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA Materials Research Laboratory University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA International Institute for Carbon Neutral Energy Research(WPI-12CNER) Kyushu University744 Moto-okaNishi-kuFukuoka 819-0395Japan

Quantifying the nucleation processes involved in liquid-vapor phase-change phenomena,while dauntingly challenging,is central in designing energy conversion and thermal management *** technological advances in the deep learning and computer vision field offer the potential for quantifying such complex two-phase nucleation processes at unprecedented *** leveraging these new technologies,a multiple object tracking framework called“vision inspired online nuclei tracker(VISION-iT)”has been proposed to extract large-scale,physical features residing within boiling and condensation ***,extracting high-quality features that can be integrated with domain knowledge requires detailed discussions that may be field-or case-specific *** this regard,we present a demonstration and discussion of the detailed construction,algorithms,and optimization of individual modules to enable adaptation of the framework to custom *** concepts and procedures outlined in this study are transferable and can benefit broader audiences dealing with similar problems.

关键词： Deep learning computer vision Nucleation Heat transfer Phase-change phenomena

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Automated analysis of fundus images for the diagnosis of retinal diseases: a review

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Research on Biomedical engineering 2024年第1期40卷 225-251页

作者： Berto, Alexa Scarpa, Fabio Tsiknakis, Nikos Manikis, Georgios Fotiadis, Dimitrios I. Marias, Kostas Scarpa, Alberto D-Eye s.r.l. Padua Italy Department of Information Engineering University of Padova Padua35131 Italy Heraklion70013 Greece Department of Biomedical Research Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology FORTH Ioannina45115 Greece Department of Materials Science and Engineering Unit of Medical Technology and Intelligent Information Systems University of Ioannina Ioannina45110 Greece Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Hellenic Mediterranean University Heraklion71004 Greece

Purpose: Colour fundus images are widely used in diagnosis treatment decision of several retinal diseases such as diabetic retinopathy (DR), glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). These very common conditions must be detected early and monitored to prevent progression and avoid permanent damage. Fundus images revealed to be useful also for the diagnosis of cataracts. In recent years, various automatic diagnostic support methods have been proposed in the literature, with the aim of facilitating widespread screening and obtaining quantitative, objective, and reproducible information. Methods: In this review paper, an overview of traditional, machine learning and modern deep learning techniques for ophthalmic disease diagnosis (i.e. glaucoma, DR, AMD, and cataract) using retinal fundus images is presented. In addition, various publicly available image datasets used for such purposes are described. Results: The current main challenges and findings are identified, as well as common aspects and discrepancies between the various methods developed for the various diseases. Conclusion: The overview of what has been done about all pathologies, rather than only on a specific one, could favour a migration of the best solutions and, hopefully, the development of a more precise and clinically useful automatic analysis of all pathologies. Important critical insights and research trends are also discussed. Graphical abstract: (Figure presented.) © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to The Brazilian Society of Biomedical engineering 2023.

关键词： Pathology

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Novel NBA Fantasy League driven by Engineered Team Chemistry and Scaled Position Statistics

Novel NBA Fantasy League driven by Engineered Team Chemistry...

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2023 IEEE International Conference on Big Data, BigData 2023

作者： Arkanath, Ganesh Gupta, Nishad Kurban, Hasan Sharma, Parichit Madhavan, K.R. Buxton, Elham Khorasani Dalkilic, Mehmet M. Texas A&m University at Qatar Electrical and Computer Engineering Doha Qatar Indiana University Computer Science Department BloomingtonIN United States Indiana University Data Science Program BloomingtonIN United States University of Illinois Computer Science Department SpringfieldIL United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798350324457

Fantasy Sports has a current market size of ${\$}$27B and is expected to grow more than ${\$}$84B in less than a decade. The intent is to create virtual teams that somehow reflect what would happen if the constituent players actually played in a team. Using individual player and team statistics, models can be trained to predict an outcome. But fans are left wanting more. To achieve a more realistic outcome, aspects of what makes live teams win need to be included: (1) transforming player statistics to reflect their relative importance with respect to a player position;(2) team chemistry (TC). In this work, we show a novel characterization of relative position statistics and a new description of TC. Drawn from the NBA's API, we form a data set to determine whether a fantasy team makes the playoffs using almost two dozen features, including TC. Various Machine Learning models are trained on this data and the best-performing model is offered to the users through a web service. Users can not only inspect fantasy teams and their TC but can also simulate their match-ups with existing 2023 NBA teams and utilize performance visualizations to help improve their team creation process. Our web service can be accessed at https://***/fantasyleague/, and the source code can be found at https://***/gany-15/nbafan. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： big data data-mining feature-engineering nba-fantasy-league python-flask

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Advances of photothermal chemistry in photocatalysis,thermocatalysis,and synergetic photothermocatalysis for solar-to-fuel generation

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Nano Research 2022年第12期15卷 9985-10005页

作者： Minmin Gao Tianxi Zhang Ghim Wei Ho Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore4 Engineering Drive 3Singapore117583Singapore Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering National University of Singapore4 Engineering Drive 4Singapore117585Singapore Institute of Materials Research and Engineering Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research(A*STAR)3 Research LinkSingapore117602Singapore

The urgency of reducing pollutants and greenhouse gas emissions while maintaining fuel supply for the development of society remains one of the greatest *** energy,a clean and sustainable energy resource,can be converted into fuels through solar-driven catalysis,and this provides an attractive solution for future energy *** current development of photothermal catalysis(PTC)based on the integration of solar thermal and photochemical contributions is becoming increasingly popular for full spectrum *** combination of the thermochemical and photochemical processes synergistically drives the catalytic reactions efficiently under relatively mild *** this review,the mechanisms of PTC are classified based on driving forces and the benefits of photothermal effects in different PTC reactions are ***,the techniques for differentiating and quantifying the various effects of PTC,including experimental designs,thermometry characterization techniques,and computational studies,are ***,the major determinant properties and architectural designs for efficient photothermal catalysts are ***,applications for fuel generation through water splitting and carbon dioxide reduction are ***,the current challenges and future directions of PTC are *** article aims to provide a comprehensive review of the current advances in PTC along with a guide for understanding the mechanisms and rational material designs to pursue solar fuel that would diversify and increase the sustainability of our energy supply.

关键词： photothermal chemistry photocatalysis thermocatalysis water splitting CO_(2)conversion solar fuel

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A novel method for the detection and classification of multiple diseases using transfer learning-based deep learning techniques with improved performance

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Neural Computing and Applications 2024年第30期36卷 18979-18997页

作者： Natarajan, Krishnamoorthy Muthusamy, Suresh Sha, Mizaj Shabil Sadasivuni, Kishor Kumar Sekaran, Sreejith Charles Gnanakkan, Christober Asir Rajan A.Elngar, Ahmed School of Computer Science Engineering and Information Systems Vellore Institute of Technology Tamil Nadu Vellore India Tamil Nadu Perundurai Erode India Centre for Advanced Materials Qatar University Doha Qatar Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Qatar University PO Box 2713 Doha Qatar Department of Electrical Engineering National Institute of Technology Assam Silchar India Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Puducherry Technological University Puducherry India Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence Beni-Suef University Beni-Suef City62511 Egypt

A disease is a distinct abnormal state that significantly affects the functioning of all or part of an individual and is not caused by external harm. Diseases are frequently understood as medical conditions connected with distinct indications and symptoms. According to a fairly wide categorization, diseases can also be categorized as mental disorders, deficient diseases, genetic diseases, degenerative diseases, self-inflicted diseases, infectious diseases, non-infectious diseases, social diseases, and physical diseases. Prevention of the diseases is of multiple instances. Primary prevention seeks to prevent illness or harm before it ever happens. Secondary prevention tries to lessen the effect of an illness or damage that has already happened. This is done through diagnosing and treating illness or injury as soon as feasible to stop or delay its course, supporting personal ways to avoid recurrence or reinjury, and implementing programs to restore individuals to their previous health and function to prevent long-term difficulties. Tertiary prevention tries to lessen the impact of a continuing sickness or injury that has enduring repercussions. Diagnosis of the disease at an earlier stage is important for the treatment of the disease. Hence, in this study, deep learning algorithms, such as VGG16, EfficientNetB4, and ResNet, are utilized to diagnose various diseases, such as Alzheimer's, brain tumors, skin diseases, and lung diseases. Chest X-rays, MRI scans, CT scans, and skin lesions are used to diagnose the mentioned diseases. Transfer learning algorithms, such as VGG16, VGG19, ResNet, InceptionV3, and EfficientNetB4, are utilized to categorize various diseases. EfficientNetB4 with the learning rate annealing, having obtained an accuracy of 94.04% on the test dataset, is observed. As a consequence, we observed that every network has unique particular skills on the multi-disease dataset, which includes chest X-rays, MRI scans, etc., © The Author(s) 2024.

关键词： Diseases

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Surface-dominated conductance scaling in Weyl semimetal NbAs

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npj Computational materials 2024年第1期10卷 2370-2378页

作者： Sushant Kumar Yi-Hsin Tu Sheng Luo Nicholas A.Lanzillo Tay-Rong Chang Gengchiau Liang Ravishankar Sundararaman Hsin Lin Ching-Tzu Chen Department of Materials Science&Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute1108th StTroyNY 12180USA IBM Thomas J.Watson Research Center 1101 Kitchawan RoadYorktown HeightsNY 10598USA Department of Physics Cheng Kung UniversityTainan CityTaipei Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering College of Design and EngineeringNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore IBM Research 257 Fuller RoadAlbanyNY 12203USA Institute of Physics Academia SinicaTaipeiTaipei

Protected surface states arising fromnon-trivial bandstructure topology in semimetals can potentially enable advanced device functionalities in compute,memory,interconnect,sensing,and *** necessitates a fundamental understanding of surface-state transport in nanoscale topological ***,we investigate quantum transport in a prototypical topological semimetal NbAs to evaluate the potential of this class of materials for beyond-Cu interconnects in highly-scaled integrated *** density functional theory(DFT)coupled with non-equilibrium Green’s function(NEGF)calculations,we show that the resistance-areaRAproduct in NbAs films decreases with decreasing thickness at the nanometer scale,in contrast to a nearly constant RA product in ideal Cu *** anomalous scaling originates from the disproportionately large number of surface conduction states which dominate the ballistic conductance by up to 70%in NbAs thin *** also show that this favorable RA scaling persists even in the presence of surface defects,in contrast to RA sharply increasing with reducing thickness for films of conventional metals,such as Cu,in the presence of surface *** results underscore the potential of topological semimetals as future back-end-of-line(BEOL)interconnect metals.

关键词： scaling topological conductance

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Demonstration of device-quality InGaN grown on porous GaN tiles by MBE with an in-plane lattice constant equivalent to fully relaxed In0.12Ga0.88N

Demonstration of device-quality InGaN grown on porous GaN ti...

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2022 Compound Semiconductor Week, CSW 2022

作者： Wurm, Christian Collins, Henry Hatui, Nirupam Li, Weiyi Pasayat, Shubhra Hamwey, Robert Sun, Kai Sayed, Islam Khan, Kamruzzaman Ahmadi, Elaheh Keller, Stacia Mishra, Umesh University of California Santa Barbara Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering CA United States University of Wisconsin-Madison Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Wisconsin United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Michigan United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Michigan Michigan United States

ISBN: (数字)9781665453400

ISBN: (纸本)9781665453400

Device-quality, relaxed InGaN substrates has been a topic of great interest, particularly for longer wavelength optoelectronics. This work demonstrates MBE-grown In0.2Ga0.8N with a strain relaxation of 60% corresponding to an equivalently fully relaxed In-composition of 12% achieved by growing on a GaN-on-porous GaN pseudo-substrate (PS). The surface morphology of this film was found to be free of V-defects on the surface and with a threading dislocation density comparable to that of the GaN layers beneath. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： III-V semiconductors

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