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Supercurrent through a single transverse mode in nanowire Josephson junctions

Physical Review B 2025年第16期111卷 L161401-L161401页

作者： B. Zhang Z. Li H. Wu M. Pendharkar C. Dempsey J. S. Lee S. D. Harrington C. J. Palmstrøm S. M. Frolov Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15260 USA Department of Physics The Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania 16802 USA Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California Santa Barbara California 93106 USA Present address: Department of Materials Science and Engineering Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA. California NanoSystems Institute University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara California 93106 USA Present address: Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Tennessee Knoxville TN 37996 USA. Materials Department University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara California 93106 USA

Hybrid superconductor-semiconductor materials are fueling research in mesoscopic physics and quantum technology. Recently demonstrated smooth β-Sn superconductor shells, due to the increased induced gap, are expanding the available parameter space to new regimes. Fabricated on quasiballistic InSb nanowires, with careful control over the hybrid interface, Sn shells yield measurable switching currents even when nanowire resistance is of order 10kΩ. In this regime Cooper pairs travel through a purely one-dimensional quantum wire for at least part of their trajectory. Here, we focus on the evolution of proximity-induced supercurrent in magnetic field parallel to the nanowire. Long decay up to fields of 1T is observed. At the same time, the decay for higher occupied subbands is notably faster in some devices but not in others. We analyze this using a tight-binding numerical model that includes the Zeeman, orbital, and spin-orbit effects. When the first subband is spin polarized, we observe a dramatic suppression of supercurrent, which is also confirmed by the model and suggests an absence of significant triplet supercurrent generation.

关键词： Nanowires

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Controlled growth of two-dimensional InAs single crystals via van der Waals epitaxy

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Nano Research 2022年第11期15卷 9954-9959页

作者： Jiuxiang Dai Teng Yang Zhitong Jin Yunlei Zhong Xianyu Hu Jingyi Zou Weigao Xu Tao Li Yuxuan Lin Xu Zhang Lin Zhou School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Centre for Transformative MoleculesShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Carnegie Mellon UniversityPittsburghPA 15213USA Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA 94720USA

Two-dimensional(2D)indium arsenide(InAs)is promising for future electronic and optoelectronic applications such as highperformance nanoscale transistors,flexible and wearable devices,and high-sensitivity broadband photodetectors,and is advantageous for its heterogeneous integration with Si-based ***,the synthesis of 2D InAs single crystals is challenging because of the nonlayered *** we report the van der Waals epitaxy of 2D InAs single crystals,with their thickness down to 4.8 nm,and their lateral sizes up to~37μ*** as-grown InAs flakes have high crystalline quality and are *** thickness can be tuned by growth time and ***,we explore the thickness-dependent optical properties of InAs *** measurement reveals that 2D InAs possesses high conductivity and high carrier *** work introduces InAs to 2D materials family and paves the way for applying 2D InAs in high-performance electronics and optoelectronics.

关键词： two-dimensional materials van der Waals epitaxy indium arsenide nonlayered material

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Optically-generated focused ultrasound for noninvasive brain stimulation with ultrahigh precision

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Light(science & Applications) 2022年第11期11卷 2817-2831页

作者： Yueming Li Ying Jiang Lu Lan Xiaowei Ge Ran Cheng Yuewei Zhan Guo Chen Linli Shi Runyu Wang Nan Zheng Chen Yang Ji-Xin Cheng Department of Mechanical Engineering Boston UniversityBostonMA 02215USA Graduate Program for Neuroscience Boston UniversityBostonMA 02215USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Boston UniversityBostonMA 02215USA Department of Chemistry Boston UniversitBostonMA 02215USA Department of Biomedical Engineering Boston UniversityBostonMA 02215USA Division of Materials Science and Engineering Boston UniversityBostonMA 02215USA Department of Biological Engineering Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA 02142USA

High precision neuromodulation is a powerful tool to decipher neurocircuits and treat neurological *** non-invasive neuromodulation methods offer limited precision at the milimeter ***,we report opticallygenerated focused ultrasound(OFUS)for non-invasive brain stimulation with ultrahigh *** is generated by a soft optoacoustic pad(SOAP)fabricated through embedding candle soot nanoparticles in a curved polydimethylsiloxane *** generates a transcranial ultrasound focus at 15 MHz with an ultrahigh lateral resolution of 83μm,which is two orders of magnitude smaller than that of conventional transcranial-focused ultrasound(tFUS).Here,we show effective OFUS neurostimulation in vitro with a single ultrasound *** demonstrate submillimeter transcranial stimulation of the mouse motor cortex in *** acoustic energy of 0.6 mJ/cm?,four orders of magnitude less than that of tFUS,is suffcient for successful OFUS *** offers new capabilities for neuroscience studies and disease treatments by delivering a focus with ultrahigh precision noninvasively.

关键词： SOAP stimulation precision

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RUL Estimation for Power Electronic Devices Using RNNs

RUL Estimation for Power Electronic Devices Using RNNs

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Prognostics and System Health Management Conference (PHM)

作者： Congrui Cai Zhonghai Lu Embedded Systems Master Program School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science KTH Royal Institute of Technology Department of Electrical Engineering School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science KTH Royal Institute of Technology

ISBN: (数字)9798350360585

ISBN: (纸本)9798350360592

Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) are commonly used in data-driven approaches to estimate the Remaining Useful Lifetime (RUL) of power electronic devices. RNNs are preferred because their intrinsic feedback mechanisms are better suited to model time-series data. However, the impact of RNN complexity on estimation accuracy is rarely discussed in the literature. This issue is important because choosing a lower-complexity model that delivers the same or similar performance as a higher-complexity model can increase implementation efficiency. In the paper, we use three RNN models, namely, the vanilla version, LSTM (Long Short Term Memory) and GRU (Gated Recurrent Unit) to conduct RUL estimation for power electronic devices. We use two accelerated aging datasets, one dataset targeting the package failure of MOSFETs, and the other dataset targeting package failure of power diodes. Our study shows that a lower-complexity RNN does not necessarily deliver a lower performance. Similarly, a higher-complexity model does not assure a higher performance. As such, our work highlights the importance of selecting a proper neural network for RUL estimation not biased towards complex models. This is especially useful and important for implementing such RUL estimation techniques in embedded resource-constrained and speed-limited computins platforms.

关键词： Performance evaluation Semiconductor device modeling Recurrent neural networks Computational modeling Estimation Power electronics Data models

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Microstructure controlled synthesis of Ni,N-codoped CoP/carbon fiber hybrids with improving reaction kinetics for superior sodium storage

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Journal of materials science & Technology 2022年第4期99卷 184-192页

作者： Huijun Li Xiaomin Wang Zhenxin Zhao Rajesh Pathak Siyue Hao Xiaoming Qiu Qiquan Qiao College of Materials Science and Engineering Taiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan 030024China Shanxi Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices Taiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan 030024China Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Center for Advanced Photovoltaics and Sustainable EnergySouth Dakota State UniversityBrookingsSD 57007USA Mechanical&Aerospace Engineering Syracuse UniversitySyracuseNY 13244USA

Transition-metal phosphides(TMPs)-based hybrid structure have received considerable attention for efficient sodium storage owing to their high capacity and decent ***,the volume expansion&the poor electronic conductivity of TMPs,the poor-rate capability,and fast capacity decay greatly hinder its practical *** address these issues,a low-cost and facile strategy for the synthesis of Ni,N-codoped graphitized carbon(C)and cobalt phosphide(CoP)embedded in carbon fiber(Ni-CoP@CN⊂CF)as self-supporting anode material is demonstrated for the first *** graphitized carbon and carbon fiber improve the electrical conductivity and inhibit the volume expansion *** addition to that,the microporous structure,and ultrasmall sized Ni-CoP offer a high surface area for electrolyte wettability,short Na-ion diffusion path and fast charge transport *** a result,outstanding electrochemical performance with an average capacity decay of 0.04%cycle^(−1)at 2000 mA g^(−1),an excellent rate capability of 270 mAh g^(−1)@2000 mA g^(−1)and a high energy density of~231.1 Wh kg^(−1)is achieved with binder-free self-supporting anode *** work shows a potential for designing binder-free and high energy density sodium-ion batteries.

关键词： Ultrasmall Ni-CoP Carbon shell Microporous structure High Na^(+)diffusion coefficients Sodium-ion batteries

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A ShuffleNet Architecture-Based Multi-Layer Feature Scaling and Fusion Approach for Underwater Net Cage Damage Detection in Aquaculture

A ShuffleNet Architecture-Based Multi-Layer Feature Scaling ...

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IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics-Asia (ICCE-Asia)

作者： Xiang-Rui Huang Yi-Cheng Chen Liang-Bi Chen Wu-Chih Hu Department of Electrical Engineering Master Program in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science National Penghu University of Science and Technology Penghu Taiwan Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Penghu University of Science and Technology Penghu Taiwan

ISBN: (数字)9798331530839

ISBN: (纸本)9798331530846

In offshore aquaculture operations, personnel equipped with diving gear are often necessary to inspect the underwater net cages for damage, particularly on the sea floor. This manual inspection process is time-consuming and complex. To overcome this problem, this paper proposes a computer vision solution for identifying damage in underwater net cages to address the inefficiencies and challenges of traditional manual inspections. The proposed scheme utilizes a high-performance multi-branch computational architecture designed based on ShuffleNet architecture to detect net cage damage more efficiently. Experimental results demonstrate that this work performs well on the ImageNet ILSVRC-2010 dataset and achieves an accuracy of 88.54% in underwater net damage detection.

关键词： Accuracy Gears Computational modeling Sea floor computer architecture Manuals Inspection Feature extraction Personnel Aquaculture

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AV Navigation in 3D Urban Environments with Curriculum-based Deep Reinforcement Learning

AV Navigation in 3D Urban Environments with Curriculum-based...

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2023 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems, ICUAS 2023

作者： Braathen De Carvalho, Kevin De Oliveira, Iure Rosa L. Brandao, Alexandre S. Universidade Federal de Viçosa Nucleus of Specialization in Robotics Department of Electrical Engineering Graduate Program in Computer Science MG Viçosa36570-900 Brazil Federal University of Viçosa Department of Electrical Engineering MG Viçosa Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9798350310375

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are widely used in various applications, from inspection and surveillance to transportation and delivery. Navigating UAVs in complex 3D environments is a challenging task that requires robust and efficient decision-making algorithms. This paper presents a novel approach to UAV navigation in 3D environments using a Curriculum-based Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) approach. The proposed method utilizes a deep neural network to model the UAV's decision-making process and to learn a mapping from the state space to the action space. The learning process is guided by a reinforcement signal that reflects the performance of the UAV in terms of reaching its target while avoiding obstacles and with energy efficiency. Simulation results show that the proposed method has a positive trade off when compared to the baseline algorithm. The proposed method was able to perform well in environments with a state space size of 22 millions, allowing the usage in big environments or in maps with high resolution. The results demonstrate the potential of DRL for enabling UAVs to operate effectively in complex environments. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Reinforcement learning

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Alkali niobium borogermanosilicate optical fiber derived via the molten core method [Invited]

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Optical materials Express 2025年第6期15卷 1307-1317页

作者： Brian Topper Bri Baldus Kristin Chapman Matthew Walton Liang Dong Thomas W Hawkins John Ballato Center for Optical Materials Science and Engineering Technologies Clemson University Clemson SC 29634 USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering Clemson University Clemson SC 29634 USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Clemson University Clemson SC 29634 USA

Herein, multicomponent glass optical fibers are produced using the molten core fiber fabrication method. A pre-melted glass of 30 K 2 O-20 Nb 2 O 5 -50 GeO 2 is used as a starting core material along with a low-alkali borosilicate (Duran) glass cladding. Some of the cladding dissolves into the core during the draw, and the final composition of the fiber core is a complex alkali borogermanosilicate with a little over 10 mol% Nb 2 O 5 . Although the germanium and niobium stay well confined within the core, potassium ions are observed to diffuse 10-15 μ m beyond the core into the borosilicate cladding. The fibers have a large numerical aperture greater than 0.6. Yb-doped versions were fabricated to gauge feasibility of this platform for fiber gain media. Forward amplified spontaneous emission was observed with no signal; then, a 0.49 dB/cm signal amplification at 1026 nm was achieved. A parasitic background absorption coefficient value of 0.7 dB/cm at 1080 nm was measured. The phonon energy of the base niobium germanate and a simulated fiber core glass was measured using Eu 3+ doped bulk glasses. The silicon and boron intrusion into the core does create high energy phonons around the rare-earth ions, but the niobium and/or germanium do appear to maintain strong influence over the excitation and the emission spectra in the Duran-diluted core glass composition.

关键词： Absorption coefficient Borosilicate glass Chemical vapor deposition Fiber lasers Optical fibers Silica fibers

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Thermal energy dependent transient permittivity of epsilon-near-zero material

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science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2022年第8期65卷 96-101页

作者： Heng Wang Lixun Sun Kang Du Wending Zhang SooJin Chua Guixin Li Ting Mei MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information TechnologySchool of Physical Science and TechnologyNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an710129China Department of Materials Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055China Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore117583Singapore LEES Program Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research&Technology(SMART)Singapore138602Singapore

Transparent conductive oxides exhibit attractive optical nonlinearity with ultrafast response and giant refractive index change near the epsilon-near-zero(ENZ) wavelength, originating from the intraband dynamics of conduction electrons. The optical nonlinearity of ENZ materials has been explained by using the overall-effective-mass and the overall-scattering-time of electrons in the extended Drude model. However, their response to optical excitation is yet the last building block to complete the theory. In this paper, the concept of thermal energy is theoretically proposed to account for the total energy of conduction electrons exceeding their thermal equilibrium value. The time-varying thermal energy is adopted to describe the transient optical response of indium-tin-oxide(ITO), a typical ENZ material. A spectrally-resolved femtosecond pump-probe experiment was conducted to verify our theory. By correlating the thermal energy with the pumping density, both the giant change and the transient response of the permittivity of ITO can be predicted. The results in this work provide a new methodology to describe the transient permittivities of ENZ materials, which will benefit the design of ENZ-based nonlinear photonic devices.

关键词： epsilon-near-zero optical nonlinearity transient response thermal energy hot electron indium tin oxide

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Fully rubbery synaptic transistors made out of all-organic materials for elastic neurological electronic skin

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Nano Research 2022年第2期15卷 758-764页

作者： Hyunseok Shim Seonmin Jang Jae Gyu Jang Zhoulyu Rao Jong-ln Hong Kyoseung Sim Cunjiang Yu Materials Science and Engineering Program University of HoustonHoustonTX 77204 USA Department of Chemistry Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Republic of Korea Department of Chemistry Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology(UNIST)Ulsan 44919Republic of Korea Department of Mechanical Engineering University of HoustonHoustonTX 77204 USA Department of Biomedical Engineering University of HoustonHoustonTX 77204USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of HoustonHoustonTX 77204 USA Texas Center for Superconductivity University of HoustonHoustonTX 77204USA

Neurologic function implemented soft organic electronic skin holds promise for wide range of applications,such as skin prosthetics,neurorobot,bioelectronics,human-robotic interaction(HRI),***,we report the development of a fully rubbery synaptic transistor which consists of all-organic materials,which shows unique synaptic characteristics existing in biological *** synaptic characteristics retained even under mechanical stretch by 30%.We further developed a neurological electronic skin in a fully rubbery format based on two mechanoreceptors(for synaptic potentiation or depression)of pressure-sensitive rubber and an all-organic synaptic *** converting tactile signals into Morse Code,potentiation and depression of excitatory postsynaptic current(EPSC)signals allow the neurological electronic skin on a human forearm to communicate with a robotic *** collective studies on the materials,devices,and their characteristics revealed the fundamental aspects and applicability of the all-organic synaptic transistor and the neurological electronic skin.

关键词： synaptic transistor stretchable electronic skin all-organic

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