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Assessing the Robustness of nnU-Net in the Detection of Prostate Lesions via Bi-Parametric MRI

Assessing the Robustness of nnU-Net in the Detection of Pros...

2023 IEEE EMBS Special Topic Conference on Data science and engineering in Healthcare, Medicine and Biology, IEEECONF 2023

作者： Zaridis, Dimitrios I. Mylona, Eugenia Tachos, Nikolaos Kalantzopoulos, Charalampos Pezoulas, Vasileios C. Koutsouris, Dimitrios D. Matsopoulos, George K. Marias, Kostas Tsiknakis, Manolis Fotiadis, Dimitrios I. National Technical University of Athens School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Biomedical Engineering Laboratory AthensGR15773 Greece Forth Biomedical Research Institute Ioannina Greece University of Ioannina Ioannina Greece Forth Institute of Computer Science Heraklion Greece Hellenic Mediterranean University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Crete Heraklion Greece FORTH-IMBB Ioannina Greece University of Ioannina Unit of Medical Technology and Intelligent Information Systems Materials Science and Engineering Department IoanninaGR 45110 Greece

ISBN: (纸本)9798350383386

Within the scope of prostate cancer diagnostic imaging, distinguishing lesions is challenging due to their subtle appearance and the prostate gland's complexity. This study employed the nnU-Net, a state-of-the-art medical image segmentation model, on a dataset of 301 patients from 2 openly available datasets to identify whether lesion sizes are affecting the model's performance. By applying t-SNE dimensionality reduction algorithm among dice score and respective lesion sizes, we found that nnU-Net behaves differently for lesions smaller than 9mm compared to lesions larger than 15mm. These insights can inform specialized training approaches for future deep learning models in prostate lesion *** Relevance: The main contributions of this study is, to investigate whether lesion sizes affects nnU-Net's deficiency leading to the development of more specialized models in respect to these factors. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Urology

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Harnessing Magnetic-Field Driven Actuation for Microscale Motion in MEMS- Inspired Device

Harnessing Magnetic-Field Driven Actuation for Microscale Mo...

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Magnetic Conference - Short Papers (INTERMAG Short Papers), IEEE International

作者： Ludovico Cestarollo Amal El-Ghazaly Department of Materials Science and Engineering Cornell University Ithaca NY USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Cornell University Ithaca NY USA

ISBN: (数字)9798350362213

ISBN: (纸本)9798350362220

Precise small-scale control of magnetic actuation necessitates equally precise tuning of the magnetic fields and field gradients that drive the motion. In this study, two control magnets are coupled to create the local magnetic fields required to induce microscale, localized deflections of a shuttle fitted with a soft magnetic element. The magnetization orientation and anisotropy of the magnetic element is optimized to maximize the deflection during the ON state and the difference between it and the OFF state. The effectiveness of the field in exerting actuation force on the magnetic element is demonstrated through the creation of a double folded beam MEMS structure that is integrated with the control magnets. Analytical models considering the field strength and gradient from the control magnets are used to optimize the material and shape of the soft magnetic element, and the design of the beam structure. Additional magneto-mechanical simulations are performed to support the analytical deflection estimates predicted from this innovative integrated actuator design.

关键词： Micromechanical devices Analytical models Shape Magnetomechanical effects Magnetic devices Soft magnetic materials Magnetic fields

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IoT-based tire pressure monitoring system for air and temperature pressure using MPX5500D and LM35 sensor 8

IoT-based tire pressure monitoring system for air and temper...

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8th IEEE International Conference on Computing, engineering and Design, ICCED 2022

作者： Pangestu, Agung Sodikin, Iing Yusro, Muhammad Sapundani, Rum Al Hakim, Rosyid Ridlo Wilyanti, Sinka Jakarta Global University Faculty of Engineering and Computer Science Electrical Engineering Department Depok Indonesia State University of Jakarta Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronic Engineering Jakarta Indonesia University of Muhammadiyah Purwokerto Electromedical Engineering Technology Faculty of Health Science Purwokerto Indonesia Jakarta Global University Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Computer Science Depok Indonesia

ISBN: (纸本)9781665453899

Research has been carried out to monitor vehicle tires before they are used and can reduce damage, including overcoming vehicle fuel waste because air pressure is continuously monitored. This research aims to utilize the MPX5500DP sensor as an air pressure device, the LM35 sensor as a temperature reader, and a buzzer based on IoT to build a tire pressure monitoring system (TPMS). The MPX5500DP and LM35 sensor inputs to the Arduino Uno microcontroller are distributed by the NodeMCU, fitted with a Wi-Fi module. The Blynk application sends and displays the data on a smartphone using the IoT-based. Based on this research, data on the percentage of errors in monitoring air pressure and tire temperature on vehicles were obtained by comparing the data to the pressure gauge and thermometer: 1-the results of the average reading of the sensor error value. MPX5500DP air pressure against pressure gauge is 5.3%. 2-the average reading of the LM35 sensor error value on the temperature thermometer is 6.8%. With this research, the air pressure and temperature in the tires can be monitored in real-Time via a smartphone using the IoT-based. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Thermometers

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Vectorial liquid‑crystal holography

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eLight 2024年第1期4卷 251-261页

作者： Ze‑Yu Wang Zhou Zhou Han Zhang Yang Wei Hong‑Guan Yu Wei Hu Wei Chen Hai‑Tao Dai Ling‑Ling Ma Cheng‑Wei Qiu Yan‑Qing Lu National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and ManipulationCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresCollege of Engineering and Applied SciencesNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore 117583Singapore Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology School of ScienceTianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China

Vectorial optics with fine inhomogeneous polarization control are highly *** have been captivated a promising candidate,but their static post-fabrication geometry largely limits the dynamic *** crystal(LC)is usually employed as an additional index-changing layer together with ***,most of the reported LCs only impart a varying but uniform phase on top of that from the metasurface,which we term“scalar”LC ***,we pixelate a single-layer LC to display versatile and tunable vectorial holography,in which the polarization and amplitude could be arbitrarily and independently controlled at varying spatial ***,the subtle and vectorial LC-holography highlights the broadband and electrically-switchable *** vectorial LC holography reveals significant opportunities for advanced cryptography,super-resolution imaging,and many other applications.

关键词： Liquid crystals Vectorial optics Holography

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Dynamic Surrogate Optimization of Vertically Stacked Nanosheet FET Based on Gaussian Process Regression

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IEEE Access 2025年 13卷 95730-95738页

作者： Christofer N. Yalung Doldet Tantraviwat Doctor of Philosophy Program in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (International Program/Interdisciplinary) Materials Science Research Center Faculty of Science Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand Center of Excellence in Materials Science and Technology Faculty of Science Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand

While speed improvements are pivotal for advancing modern transistor technologies and ensuring faster computational performance, the tradeoffs with other critical electrical properties, such as threshold voltage ( $V_{T}$ ) and off-current ( $I_{OFF}$ ), are often overlooked. These tradeoffs can significantly impact the overall device performance. The design of vertically stacked n-type and p-type nanosheet FETs (NSFETs) was applied using a dynamic surrogate optimization-gaussian process regression (DSO-GPR) with batch assessment and halting conditions. A vertically stacked silicon-based system is created and refined. Source extension ( $S_{ext}$ ), drain extension ( $D_{ex\mathrm {t}}$ ), gate length ( $L_{g}$ ), nanosheet height (NSh), nanosheet width (NSw), and number of fin (nfin) make up the input variables. In addition to applying normalization to make the weight assignment to the goal functions easier, a penalty component was incorporated to manage the $V_{T}$ . This study demonstrates the effectiveness of the DSO-GPR framework in optimizing NSFET-based inverter designs by balancing speed, $I_{OFF}$ and $V_{T}$ . Among the three evaluated cases, case 1 achieved the fastest propagation delay (1.05 ps) due to higher $I_{ON}$ and lower $V_{T}$ , albeit with increased $I_{OFF}$ and $V_{T}$ mismatch. Case 2 provided a balanced trade-off, significantly reducing $I_{OFF}$ while maintaining a competitive delay of 1.25 ps and achieving $V_{T}$ matching at 0.11 V for both n-type and p-type NSFETs. The optimum parameters for n-type are ${L} _{g}$ = 5 nm, $N_{Sh} = 9$ nm, $N_{Sw} = 42$ nm, $S_{ext} = 3$ nm and $D_{ext} = 4$ nm, nfin = 5; for p-type, $L_{g} = 7$ nm, $N_{Sh} = 10$ nm, $N_{Sw} = 42$ nm, $S_{ext} = 3$ nm and $D_{ext} = 3$ nm, nfin = 5. Case 3 minimized leakage at the cost of delay, highlighting the trade-off between power and performance. These results validate the framework’s adaptability and automation, with performance-based stopping criteria that balance

关键词： Optimization Logic gates Ions Silicon Performance evaluation Linear programming Gaussian processes Field effect transistors Accuracy Machine learning

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Efficient Automatic External Defibrillator Using the Slope of Hilbert Transformed ECG Signals 11

Efficient Automatic External Defibrillator Using the Slope o...

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11th International Japan-Africa Conference on Electronics, Communications, and Computations, JAC-ECC 2023

作者： Elsagheer, Samir A. Sayed, Mohammed S. Hassan, Mohsen A. Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology Computer Science and Information Technology Alexandria21934 Egypt Aswan Universty Facurlty of Engineering Aswan Egypt Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering Alexandria21934 Egypt Zagazig University Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering Zagazig Egypt Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology Materials science and engineering program IDE Alexandria21934 Egypt

ISBN: (纸本)9798350369328

Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) is a life-threatening condition that demands immediate intervention. The key to survival often lies in the timely and precise analysis of electrocardiogram (ECG) signals to determine the necessity of a shock from an Automatic External Defibrillator (AED). In this paper, we address the critical need for improved accuracy in AED decision-making by presenting a novel approach that leverages the Hilbert Transform to calculate the slope of ECG signals by harnessing the analytical power of Hilbert Transformed ECG signals. By scrutinizing the heart's electrical activity through this method, we aim to enhance the AED's ability to differentiate between cases of ventricular fibrillation and other non-shockable rhythms, ultimately leading to more efficient and effective treatment. Our research explores two distinct approaches for signal analysis and correlates their findings to achieve higher precision in defibrillation decisions. To validate the effectiveness of our approach, we employ a diverse and publicly available dataset containing various heart conditions, allowing us to demonstrate the robustness of our method across a wide spectrum of cases. This study represents a significant advancement in the field of automatic external defibrillation, with the potential to save countless lives through more accurate and timely interventions. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Defibrillators

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Controllable multi-level switching of optical phase change materials via microheater temperature profile engineering

Controllable multi-level switching of optical phase change m...

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2024 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO 2024

作者： Sun, Hongyi Lian, Chuanyu Vásquez-Aza, Francis Huang, Yi-Siou Vitale, Steven A. Takeuchi, Ichiro Hu, Juejun Youngblood, Nathan Pavlidis, Georges Ríos Ocampo, Carlos A. Department of Materials Science & Engineering University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Connecticut StorrsCT06269 United States Advanced Materials and Microsystems Group MIT Lincoln Laboratory LexingtonMA02139 United States Quantum Materials Center Department of Physics University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States Department of Materials Science & Engineering MIT CambridgeMA02139 United States Electrical & Computer Engineering Department The University of Pittsburgh PittsburghPA15213 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781957171395

We demonstrate doped-silicon-on-insulator microheaters with triangle-like temperature profiles. Such devices control the hotspot size and temperature and, thus, the area that undergoes amorphization or crystallization in optical phase-change materials, leading to controllable multilevel, nonvolatile response. © Optica Publishing Group 2024 © 2024 The Author(s)

关键词： Optical materials

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Benchmarking deep learning-based models on nanophotonic inverse design problems

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Opto-Electronic science 2022年第1期1卷 37-51页

作者： Taigao Ma Mustafa Tobah Haozhu Wang L.Jay Guo Department of Physics The University of MichiganAnn ArborMichigan48109USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering The University of MichiganAnn ArborMichigan48109USA Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science The University of MichiganAnn ArborMichigan48109USA

Photonic inverse design concerns the problem of finding photonic structures with target optical ***,traditional methods based on optimization algorithms are time-consuming and computationally ***,deep learning-based approaches have been developed to tackle the problem of inverse design *** most of these neural network models have demonstrated high accuracy in different inverse design problems,no previous study has examined the potential effects under given constraints in ***,the relative strength of different deep learning-based inverse design approaches has not been fully ***,we benchmark three commonly used deep learning models in inverse design:Tandem networks,Variational Auto-Encoders,and Generative Adversarial *** provide detailed comparisons in terms of their accuracy,diversity,and *** find that tandem networks and Variational Auto-Encoders give the best accuracy,while Generative Adversarial Networks lead to the most diverse *** findings could serve as a guideline for researchers to select the model that can best suit their design criteria and fabrication *** addition,our code and data are publicly available,which could be used for future inverse design model development and benchmarking.

关键词： inverse design photonics machine learning neural networks generative models

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Understanding and Controlling the Formation of Nonradiative Defects in Blue Organic Triplet Emitters

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Physical Review X 2024年第4期14卷 041044-041044页

作者： Haonan Zhao Boning Qu Stephen R. Forrest Department of Physics University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48109 USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48109 USA Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48109 USA

Phosphorescent organic light-emitting devices (PHOLEDs) suffer from destructive molecular processes due to triplet-polaron and triplet-triplet annihilation. These processes are energetically driven and hence are particularly active in decreasing the lifetime of blue PHOLEDs. It has recently been shown that increasing triplet radiative rates via the Purcell effect effectively extends the device operational lifetime by reducing the triplet radiative lifetime, thus decreasing their density and the probability of triplet-annihilation reactions. We provide an analytical framework using Marcus theory to explain the observed, approximately exponential relationship between exciton energy and device lifetime. From transient drift-diffusion dynamics, we show that the Purcell effect reduces the exciton density in the steady state and increases the photoluminescent yield, thereby reducing defect generation rates and extending the device lifetime. We control the radiative rate of excitons in microcavities, thereby connecting the exciton energy and decay rates with the observed device lifetime. The device lifetime is shown to follow a power-law dependence on the Purcell factor (PFm) with m=1.5 to 2.5, dependent on the TTA-to-TPA ratio and photoluminescence quantum yield. From our analysis, a fivefold increase in PF has the potential to extend the blue PHOLED lifetime by up to 2 orders of magnitude, making the blue PHOLED lifetime comparable to that of state-of-the-art green PHOLEDs.

关键词： Electroluminescence Optoelectronics Polaritons

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Analysis of Partial Discharges in Oil-Impregnated Transformer Paper Insulation and PET-G Insulation

IEEE Open Journal of Instrumentation and Measurement

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IEEE Open Journal of Instrumentation and Measurement 2025年 4卷

作者： Kameli, Sayed Mohammad Abuelrub, Abdelaziz AlShaikh Saleh, Mohammad Refaat, Shady S. Ghrayeb, Ali Abu-Rub, Haitham Olesz, Marek Texas A&M University at Qatar Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Doha Qatar Texas A&M University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering College StationTX77843 United States University of Hertfordshire School of Physics Engineering and Computer Science Department of Engineering HatfieldAL10 9EU United Kingdom Hamad Bin Khalifa University Qatar Foundation Electrical and Computer Engineering Program in College of Science and Engineering Doha Qatar Gdańsk University of Technology Department of Electrical Power Engineering Gdańsk80-233 Poland

Partial discharge (PD) is a widespread phenomenon instigated in power transformer (PT) insulation systems. PDs are triggered by voids that vary in size and position within the PT insulation. The electrical characteristics of those damaging, PD-causing cavities must be well understood, to accelerate the development of advanced PD detection techniques. Thus, the impact of varying the radius and position of spherical air voids on the characteristics of PDs in PTs is examined using a 3-D finite element analysis (FEA) model designed in COMSOL Multiphysics. The spherical voids are positioned between two windings of a 512 kV, three-phase (3φ ) PT. The peak electric field (EF) and aggregate energy in the FEA model are used in conjunction with laboratory measurements of the apparent discharge magnitude, for detailed analysis of Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol (PET-G)-based cylindrical voids with different heights. Simulations demonstrate that the inception of PD activity in the PT model occurs for spherical voids with a radius exceeding 1 mm. Furthermore, the most severe PDs occur within the press-board insulation, adjacent to the uppermost part of the innermost windings. Experiments demonstrate that a significant increase in PD activity was observed for PET-G-based cylindrical voids with heights exceeding 1 mm. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Partial discharges

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