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Breast cancer histopathology using infrared spectroscopic imaging: The impact of instrumental configurations

Clinical Spectroscopy 2021年 3卷

作者： Shachi Mittal Tomasz P. Wrobel Michael Walsh Andre Kajdacsy-Balla Rohit Bhargava Department of Bioengineering and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign Urbana IL United States Department of Materials Science and Biomedical Engineering University of Wisconsin – Eau Claire WI United States Department of Pathology University of Illinois at Chicago IL United States Departments of Mechanical Science and Engineering Electrical and Computer Engineering Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Chemistry University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign Urbana IL United States Cancer Center at Illinois University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign Urbana IL United States

Digital analysis of cancer specimens using spectroscopic imaging coupled to machine learning is an emerging area that links spatially localized spectral signatures to tissue structure and disease. In this study, we examine the role of spatial-spectral tradeoffs in infrared spectroscopic imaging configurations for probing tumors and the associated microenvironment profiles at different levels of model complexity. We image breast tissue using standard and high-definition Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) imaging and systematically examine the localization, spectral origins, and utility of data for classification. Results demonstrate that higher spatial detail provides high sensitivity and specificity of tissue segmentation, despite the increased subcellular variability. High definition imaging also allows accurate analysis of complex, multiclass models of breast tissue without compromising accuracy. A comparison of results also highlights the key differences in the data distributions and classification performance across modalities to better guide decision making for acquiring and analyzing IR imaging data for specific histopathological models.

关键词： High definition imaging Standard definition Breast pathology Machine learning Tissue segmentation

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Directional detection of dark matter with diamond

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2020年

作者： Marshall, Mason C. Turner, Matthew J. Ku, Mark J.H. Phillips, David F. Walsworth, Ronald L. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian CambridgeMA02138 United States Department of Physics Harvard University CambridgeMA02138 United States Center for Brain Science Harvard University CambridgeMA02138 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Delaware NewarkDE19716 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Delaware NewarkDE19716 United States Quantum Technology Center University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States Department of Physics University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States

Searches for WIMP dark matter will in the near future be sensitive to solar neutrinos. Directional detection offers a method to reject solar neutrinos and improve WIMP searches, but reaching that sensitivity with existing directional detectors poses challenges. We propose a combined atomic/particle physics approach using a large-volume diamond detector. WIMP candidate events trigger a particle detector, after which spectroscopy of nitrogen vacancy centers reads out the direction of the incoming particle. We discuss the current state of technologies required to realize directional detection in diamond and present a path towards a detector with sensitivity below the neutrino floor. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Galaxies

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Ultra-efficient magnetism modulation in a Weyl ferromagnet by current-assisted domain wall motion

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Wang, Qiuyuan Zeng, Yi Yuan, Kai Zeng, Qingqi Gu, Pingfan Xu, Xiaolong Wang, Hanwen Han, Zheng Nomura, Kentaro Wang, Wenhong Liu, Enke Hou, Yanglong Ye, Yu State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics Frontiers Science Centre for Nano-Optoelectronics School of Physics Peking University Beijing100871 China Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices Beijing Innovation Centre for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology Department of Materials Science and Engineering College of Engineering Peking University Beijing100871 China Collaborative Innovation Centre of Quantum Matter Beijing100871 China Beijing National Centre for Condensed Matter Physics Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang110016 China State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices Institute of Opto-Electronics Shanxi University Taiyuan030006 China Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics Shanxi University Taiyuan030006 China Institute for Materials Research Centre for Spintronics Research Network Tohoku University Sendai980-8577 Japan Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory Guangdong Dongguan523808 China Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics Jiangsu Nantong226010 China Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States

Flexible and efficient manipulation of magnetic configurations can be challenging. In the design of practical devices, achieving high effective magnetic field with low working current is under tight demand. Here, we report a unique method for efficient magnetism modulation by direct current injection in magnetic Weyl semimetal Co3Sn2S2. We demonstrate that the modulation process stems from current-assisted domain wall motion. Through two independent methods, we reveal that the spin-transfer torque efficiency of Co3Sn2S2 reaches as high as 2.4-5.6 kOe MA−1 cm2, and the threshold current density for driving the magnetic domain walls is as low as 5 A/cm2 without an external field, and 5 A/cm2 with a moderate external field. Our findings manifest a new and powerful approach for sub-micron magnetism manipulation, and also open the door towards a new paradigm of spintronics that combines magnetism, topology, and metallicity for low-energy consumption memory and computing. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Modulation

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Simultaneous Optical and electrical Spin-Torque Magnetometry with Phase-Sensitive Detection of Spin Precession

引用

Physical Review Applied 2019年第3期11卷 034047-034047页

作者： Yi Li Hilal Saglam Zhizhi Zhang Rao Bidthanapally Yuzan Xiong John E. Pearson Valentine Novosad Hongwei Qu Gopalan Srinivasan Axel Hoffmann Wei Zhang Department of Physics Oakland University Rochester Michigan 48309 USA Materials Science Division Argonne National Laboratory Argonne Illinois 60439 USA Department of Physics Illinois Institute of Technology Chicago Illinois 60616 USA School of Optical and Electronic Information Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Oakland University Rochester Michigan 48309 USA

Spin-based coherent information processing and encoding utilize the precession phase of spins in magnetic materials. However, the detection and manipulation of spin precession phases remain a major challenge for advanced spintronic functionalities. By using simultaneous electrical and optical detection, we demonstrate the direct measurement of the spin precession phase of a permalloy device driven by the spin-orbit torques from adjacent heavy metals. The spin Hall angle of the heavy metals can be independently determined from concurrent electrical and optical signals. The phase-sensitive optical detection also allows spatially-resolved measurements of local spin-torque parameters and ferromagnetic resonance with comprehensive amplitude and phase information. Our study offers a route toward future advanced characterizations of spin-torque oscillators, magnonic circuits, and tunneling junctions, where measuring the current-induced spin dynamics of individual nanomagnets is required.

关键词： Magnetization dynamics Spin torque Spin waves Spintronics Magnetic multilayers electrical techniques Magneto-optical Kerr effect Optically detected magnetic resonance

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Interplay of Purcell effect, stimulated emission, and leaky modes in photoluminescence spectra of microsphere cavities

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2019年

作者： Chien, Ching-Hang Wu, Shang-Hsuan Ngo, Trong Huynh-Buu Chang, Yia-Chung Research Center for Applied Sciences Academia Sinica Taipei115 Taiwan Nano Science and Technology Program TIGP Academia Sinica Taipei115 Taiwan Department of Engineering and System Science National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu300 Taiwan Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Texas at Austin United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Alberta EdmontonABT6G 2V4 Canada

A theoretical model for describing the emission spectra of microsphere cavities is presented, and its predictions of detailed lineshapes of emission spectra associated with whispering gallery modes (WGMs) of various orders in ZnO microspheres (MSs) are verified experimentally by photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The interplay of Purcell effect, quality factor, and leaky modes in spontaneous and stimulated emission spectra related to WGMs of all orders is revealed. The key success of the theory is based on the expansion of the full Green function of the MS in terms of all possible resonance modes in complex frequency space, which allows incorporation of contributions from leaky modes, stimulated emission processes, and Purcell effect. We show that the spontaneous emission spectrum calculated according to Mie theory (without Purcell effect) is dominated by the contribution of leaky modes, while the spontaneous and stimulated emission enhanced by Purcell effect are responsible for the main WGM resonance peaks observed experimentally. It is found that the stimulated emission peaks are doubly enhanced by their respective mode quality factor Q: one factor from the Purcell effect and the other factor from the photon number derived from the rate equation. After combining all these effects the theory can provide a quantitative description of fine features of both TE and TM modes (including higher-order modes) observed in the PL spectra of ZnO MSs. Surprisingly, it is found that for ZnO MS with diameter larger than 5 µm, the PL emission spectrum is dominated by higher-order modes. The quantitative understanding of the interplay of these emission mechanisms should prove useful for optimizing the performance of light-emitting devices based on micro resonators. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Microspheres

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Interplay between effects of barrier tilting and scatterers within a barrier on tunneling transport of Dirac electrons in graphene

引用

Physical Review B 2020年第11期101卷 115424-115424页

作者： Farhana Anwar Andrii Iurov Danhong Huang Godfrey Gumbs Ashwani Sharma Center for High Technology Materials University of New Mexico 1313 Goddard SE Albuquerque New Mexico 87106 USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of New Mexico Albuquerque New Mexico 87106 USA Department of Physics and Computer Science Medgar Evers College of City University of New York Brooklyn New York 11225 USA Air Force Research Laboratory Space Vehicles Directorate Kirtland Air Force Base New Mexico 87117 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy Hunter College of the City University of New York 695 Park Avenue New York New York 10065 USA Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) P de Manuel Lardizabal 4 20018 San Sebastian Basque Country Spain

Dirac-electronic tunneling and transport properties with both finite and zero energy band gap are investigated for graphene with an in-plane tilted potential barrier embedded with scatters. For a tilted barrier, by using Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin approximation, an analytical solution is obtained first for transmission coefficient of Dirac electrons in gapped graphene in the absence of any scatters. In the presence of either a single or a continuous distribution of scatters embedded within a tilted barrier, however, a numerical scheme based on finite-difference approach is developed for accurately calculating both transmission coefficient and tunneling resistance of Dirac electrons. Here, the combination of a tilted barrier and a scatter potential can be viewed as an effective barrier-potential profile facilitated by a proper gate structure. Meanwhile, a full analysis and detailed comparisons are presented for the interplay between effects of both distributed scatters in a barrier and barrier tilting on tunneling transport of Dirac electrons in graphene. The barrier-tilting field and scatter position are found to play a key role in controlling a peak of tunneling resistance as well as in its switching to a cusp by a mid-barrier-embedded scatter as the incident energy reaches the Dirac point in a barrier. Different from a single scatter, a continuous distribution within a barrier can enhance the unimpeded incoherent tunneling for head-on collision while greatly suppressing skew ones with increasing barrier-tilting field. All these predicted attractive transport properties are expected to be extremely useful for designing both novel electronic and optical graphene-based devices and electronic lenses in ballistic-electron optics.

关键词： electrical conductivity Graphene Tunnel junctions

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5G Channel Model for 28 GHz frequency in Palembang

引用

Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2020年第1期1500卷

作者： B Alfaresi Z Nawawi R F Malik K Anwar Electrical Engineering Universitas Muhammadiyah Palembang Indonesia Doctoral Program of Engineering Science Universitas Sriwijaya Indonesia Electrical Engineering Universitas Sriwijaya Indonesia Computer Science Department Universitas Sriwijaya Indonesia Center for Advanced Wireless Technologies (AdWiTech) Telkom University Indonesia

Next generation wireless technology require a wide frequency band. Current technology use a frequency of below 3 GHz which cannot provide a wide frequency band due to quite dense frequency utilization. The mm-Wave frequency guarantee to provide a wide band frequency band. The use of mm-Wave frequency will be influenced by climate factors. The characteristics of a place will cause a different channel model. Channel Model is useful for minimizes errors and maximizes information transmission or bitrate in communication model. The Channel Model will be represented as a PDP (Power Delay Profile). Channel model performance uses the Outage performance parameter in Shannon Theorem Implementation. Validation results using the CP-OFDM system with 5G BPSK. The parameters used for validation are FER and BER. In this paper, channel models will be analysed based on the characteristic of Palembang area as a reference channel model in Outer of Indonesia. Hopefully, it can be used as a reference for the development 5G wireless system.

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Monolithic integration of MoS2-based visible detectors and GaN-based UV detectors

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Photonics Research 2019年第10期7卷 1127-1133页

作者： YOU WU ZHIWEN LI KAH-WEE ANG YUPING JIA ZHIMING SHI ZHI HUANG WENJIE YU XIAOJUAN SUN XINKE LIU DABING LI State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications Changchun Institute of OpticsFine Mechanics and PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesChangchun 130033China Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore 117583Singapore Shenzhen Castle Security Technology Co. Ltd.Shenzhen 518000China State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200050China

With the increasing demand for high integration and multi-color photodetection for both military and civilian applications, the research of multi-wavelength detectors has become a new research hotspot. However, current research has been mainly in visible dual-or multi-wavelength detectors, while integration of both visible light and ultraviolet(UV) dual-wavelength detectors has rarely been studied. In this work, large-scale and high-quality monolayer MoS2 was grown by the chemical vapor deposition method on transparent free-standing GaN substrate. Monolithic integration of MoS2-based visible detectors and GaN-based UV detectors was demonstrated using common semiconductor fabrication technologies such as photolithography, argon plasma etching, and metal deposition. High performance of a 280 nm and 405 nm dual-wavelength photodetector was *** responsivity of the UV detector reached 172.12 A/W, while that of the visible detector reached 17.5 A/***, both photodetectors achieved high photocurrent gain, high external quantum efficiency, high normalized detection rate, and low noise equivalent power. Our study extends the future application of dual-wavelength detectors for image sensing and optical communication.

关键词： visible integration ultraviolet

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Microchip-Based Structure Determination of Small Proteins Using Cryo-EM

SSRN

引用

SSRN 2020年

作者： Casasanta, Michael A. Jonaid, G.M. Kaylor, Liam Luqiu, William Y. Solares, Maria J. Schroen, Mariah L. Dearnaley, William J. Wilson, Jarad Dukes, Madeline J. Kelly, Deborah F. Department of Biomedical Engineering Pennsylvania State University University ParkPA16802 United States Materials Research Institute Pennsylvania State University University ParkPA16802 United States Bioinformatics and Genomics Graduate Program Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences Pennsylvania State University University ParkPA16802 United States Molecular Cellular and Integrative Biosciences Graduate Program Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences Pennsylvania State University University ParkPA16802 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Duke University DurhamNC27708 United States RayBiotech Life Peachtree CornersGA30092 United States Applications Science Protochips Inc MorrisvilleNC27560 United States

Interest in cryo-Electron Microscopy (EM) imaging has skyrocketed in recent years due to its pristine views of macromolecules and materials. As advances in instrumentation and computing algorithms spurred this progress, there is renewed focus to address specimen-related challenges. Here we contribute a microchip-based toolkit to perform complementary structural and biochemical analysis on low molecular-weight proteins. As a model system, we used the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) protein (48 kDa) due to its stability and important role in therapeutic development. Cryo-EM structures of the N protein monomer revealed a flexible N-terminal “top hat” motif and a helical-rich C-terminal domain. To complement our structural findings, we engineered microchip-based immunoprecipitation assays that led to the discovery of the first antibody binding site on the N protein. The data also facilitated molecular modeling of a variety of pandemic and common cold-related coronavirus proteins. Such insights may guide future pandemic-preparedness protocols through immuno-engineering strategies to mitigate viral outbreaks. © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Proteins

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In-plane selective area InSb-Al nanowire quantum networks

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2021年

作者： Op het Veld, Roy L.M. Xu, Di Schaller, Vanessa Verheijen, Marcel A. Peters, Stan M.E. Jung, Jason Tong, Chuyao Wang, Qingzhen de Moor, Michiel W.A. Hesselmann, Bart Vermeulen, Kiefer Bommer, Jouri D.S. Lee, Joon Sue Sarikov, Andrey Pendharkar, Mihir Marzegalli, Anna Koelling, Sebastian Kouwenhoven, Leo P. Miglio, Leo Palmstrom, Chris J. Zhang, Hao Bakkers, Erik P.A.M. Department of Applied Physics Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven5600MB Netherlands QuTech and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft University of Technology Delft2600GA Netherlands Eurofins Materials Science Eindhoven High Tech Campus 11 Eindhoven5656AE Netherlands California NanoSystems Institute University of California Santa BarbaraCA93106 United States L-NESS Dept. of Materials Science University of Milano-Bicocca MilanoI-20125 Italy V. Lashkarev Institute of Semiconductor Physics National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Kiev Ukraine L-NESS Dept. of Physics Politecnico di Milano ComoI-22100 Italy Microsoft Quantum Lab Delft Delft2600GA Netherlands Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California Santa BarbaraCA93106 United States Materials Department University of California Santa BarbaraCA93106 United States State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics Department of Physics Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences Beijing100193 China

Strong spin-orbit semiconductor nanowires coupled to a superconductor are predicted to host Majorana zero modes. Exchange (braiding) operations of Majorana modes form the logical gates of a topological quantum computer and require a network of nanowires. Here, we develop an in-plane selective-area growth technique for InSb-Al semiconductor-superconductor nanowire networks with excellent quantum transport properties. Defect-free transport channels in InSb nanowire networks are realized on insulating, but heavily mismatched InP substrates by 1) full relaxation of the lattice mismatch at the nanowire/substrate interface on a (111)B substrate orientation, 2) nucleation of a complete network from a single nucleation site, which is accomplished by optimizing the surface diffusion length of the adatoms. Essential quantum transport phenomena for topological quantum computing are demonstrated in these structures including phase-coherent transport up to 10 µm and a hard superconducting gap accompanied by 2e-periodic Coulomb oscillations with an Al-based Cooper pair island integrated in the nanowire network. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Indium antimonides

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