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Hydration layers at the graphite-water interface: Attraction or confinement

Physical Review B 2019年第20期100卷 205410-205410页

作者： Hagen Söngen Ygor Morais Jaques Lidija Zivanovic Sebastian Seibert Ralf Bechstein Peter Spijker Hiroshi Onishi Adam S. Foster Angelika Kühnle Physical Chemistry I Bielefeld University Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany COMP Centre of Excellence Department of Applied Physics Aalto University Helsinki FI-00076 Finland Department of Chemistry Kobe University 1-1 Rokkodai-cho Nada-ku Kobe Hyogo 657-8501 Japan Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz Staudingerweg 9 55128 Germany Division of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Kanazawa University Kanazawa 920-1192 Japan

Water molecules at solid surfaces typically arrange in layers. The physical origin of the hydration layers is usually explained by two different reasons: (1) the attraction between the surface and water and (2) the water confinement due to the surface. While the attraction is specific to the particular solid, the confinement is a general property of surfaces; a differentiation between the two effects is, therefore, critical for research on interactions at aqueous interfaces. Here, we investigate the graphite-water interface, which is a widely used model system where the solid-water attraction is often considered to be negligible. Similar to previous studies, we observe hydration layers using three-dimensional atomic force microscopy at the graphite-water interface. We explain why the confinement could cause the formation of hydration layers even in the absence of attraction between surface and water by employing Monte Carlo simulations. Using additional molecular dynamics simulations, we continue to show that at ambient conditions, however, the confinement alone does not cause the formation of layers at the graphite-water interface. We thereby demonstrate that there is a significant graphite-water attraction.

关键词： Interactions & forces Graphite Liquid-solid interfaces Water

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Roadmap on quantum nanotechnologies

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2021年

作者： Laucht, Arne Hohls, Frank Ubbelohde, Niels Fernando Gonzalez-Zalba, M. Reilly, David J. Stobbe, Søren Schröder, Tim Scarlino, Pasquale Koski, Jonne V. Dzurak, Andrew Yang, Chih-Hwan Yoneda, Jun Kuemmeth, Ferdinand Bluhm, Hendrik Pla, Jarryd Hill, Charles Salfi, Joe Oiwa, Akira Muhonen, Juha T. Verhagen, Ewold LaHaye, M.D. Kim, Hyun Ho Tsen, Adam W. Culcer, Dimitrie Geresdi, Attila Mol, Jan A. Mohan, Varun Jain, Prashant K. Baugh, Jonathan Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications UNSW SydneyNSW2052 Australia Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Braunschweig38116 Germany Quantum Motion Technologies Nexus Discovery Way LeedsLS2 3AA United Kingdom School of Physics University of Sydney SydneyNSW2006 Australia Microsoft Corporation Station Q Sydney University of Sydney SydneyNSW2006 Australia Department of Photonics Engineering DTU Fotonik Technical University of Denmark Building 343 Kgs. LyngbyDK-2800 Denmark Department of Physics Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Berlin12489 Germany Department of Physics ETH Zürich ZürichCH-8093 Switzerland Niels Bohr Institute University of Copenhagen Copenhagen2100 Denmark JARA-FIT Institute for Quantum Information RWTH Aachen University and Forschungszentrum Jülich Aachen52074 Germany School of Physics University of Melbourne Melbourne Australia Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of British Columbia VancouverBCV6T 1Z4 Canada The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research Osaka University Ibaraki Osaka567-0047 Japan Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Biology Institute for open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiative Osaka University Osaka560-8531 Japan Center for Nanophotonics AMOLF Amsterdam1098 XG Netherlands School of Physics The University of New South Wales Sydney2052 Australia Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies UNSW Node The University of New South Wales Sydney2052 Australia QuTech and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft University of Technology Delft2600 GA Netherlands School of Physics and Astronomy Queen Mary University of London E1 4NS United Kingdom Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign UrbanaIL61801 United States Department of Chemistry University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana

Quantum phenomena are typically observable at length and time scales smaller than those of our everyday experience, often involving individual particles or excitations. The past few decades have seen a revolution in the ability to structure matter at the nanoscale, and experiments at the single particle level have become commonplace. This has opened wide new avenues for exploring and harnessing quantum mechanical effects in condensed matter. These quantum phenomena, in turn, have the potential to revolutionize the way we communicate, compute and probe the nanoscale world. Here, we review developments in key areas of quantum research in light of the nanotechnologies that enable them, with a view to what the future holds. materials and devices with nanoscale features are used for quantum metrology and sensing, as building blocks for quantum computing, and as sources and detectors for quantum communication. They enable explorations of quantum behaviour and unconventional states in nano- and opto-mechanical systems, low-dimensional systems, molecular devices, nano-plasmonics, quantum electrodynamics, scanning tunnelling microscopy, and more. This rapidly expanding intersection of nanotechnology and quantum science/technology is mutually beneficial to both fields, laying claim to some of the most exciting scientific leaps of the last decade, with more on the horizon. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Quantum computers

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解析准一维钙钛矿硫系化合物中的二向色性转换

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科学通报 2019年第23期64卷 2366-2368页

作者：吴江滨谭平恒汪涵 Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90089USA 中国科学院半导体研究所半导体超晶格国家重点实验室北京100083 北京量子信息科学研究院北京100193 Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90089USA

光的二向色性是指自然或人造晶体中沿着不同晶向对线偏光吸收的差异.通过设计优化人造晶体中的微/纳米结构可以获得很强的二向色性,可用在起偏器和半波片等光学组件中.在自然晶体中,二向色性通常来源于晶体中的低对称性,而这与晶体结构... 详细信息

光的二向色性是指自然或人造晶体中沿着不同晶向对线偏光吸收的差异.通过设计优化人造晶体中的微/纳米结构可以获得很强的二向色性,可用在起偏器和半波片等光学组件中.在自然晶体中,二向色性通常来源于晶体中的低对称性,而这与晶体结构和元素组成有很大关系.

关键词：二向色性准一维拉曼光谱硫系化合物钙钛矿

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arXiv

引用

arXiv 2019年

作者： Burg, G. William Zhu, Jihang Taniguchi, Takashi Watanabe, Kenji MacDonald, Allan H. Tutuc, Emanuel Microelectronics Research Center Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Texas at Austin AustinTX78758 United States Department of Physics University of Texas at Austin AustinTX78712 United States National Institute of Materials Science 1-1 Namiki Tsukuba Ibaraki305-0044 Japan

We present a combined experimental and theoretical study of twisted double bilayer graphene with twist angles between 1° and 1.35°. Consistent with moiré band structure calculations, we observe insulators at integer moiré band fillings one and three, but not two. An applied transverse electric field separates the first moiré conduction band from neighbouring bands, and favors the appearance of correlated insulators at 1/4, 1/2, and 3/4 band filling. Insulating states at 1/4 and 3/4 band filling emerge only in a parallel magnetic field (B||), whereas the resistance at half band filling is weakly dependent on B||. These findings suggest that correlated insulators are favored when a moiré flat band is spectrally isolated, with spin polarization at 1/4 and 3/4 band filling and valley polarization at 1/2 band filling. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Graphene

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The software-defined metasurfaces concept and electromagnetic aspects

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2019年

作者： Tasolamprou, Anna C. Pitilakis, Alexandros Tsilipakos, Odysseas Liaskos, Christos Tsiolaridou, Ageliki Liu, Fu Wang, Xuchen Mirmoosa, Mohammad S. Kossifos, Kypros Georgiou, Julius Pitsilides, Andreas Kantartzis, Nikolaos V. Manessis, Dionysios Ioannidis, Sotiris Kenanakis, George Deligeorgis, George Economou, Eleftherios N. Tretyakov, Sergei A. Soukoulis, Costas M. Kafesaki, Maria Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas Heraklion Crete71110 Greece Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering Aalto University P.O. Box 15500 Espoo Finland Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Cyprus Nicosia20537 Cyprus Department of Computer Science University of Cyprus Nicosia20537 Cyprus Fraunhofer IZM Berlin Berlin Center of Advanced Packaging Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25 Berlin Germany Ames Laboratory Department of Physics and Astronomy Iowa State University AmesIA50011 United States Department of Materials Science and Technology University of Crete Heraklion Crete71003 Greece

We present the concept and electromagnetic aspects of HyperSurFaces (HSFs), artificial, ultrathin structures with software controlled electromagnetic properties. The HSFs key unit is the metasurface, a plane with designed subwavelength features whose electromagnetic response can be tuned via voltage-controlled continuously-tunable electrical elements that provide local control of the surface impedance and advanced functionalities, such as tunable perfect absorption or wavefront manipulation. A nanonetwork of controllers enables software defined HSFs control related to the emerging Internet of Things paradigm. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

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Hafnium Pentatelluride: Thermal Conductivity of HfTe5: A Critical Revisit (Adv. Funct. Mater. 5/2020)

引用

Advanced Functional materials 2020年第5期30卷

作者： Tianli Feng Xuewang Wu Xiaolong Yang Peipei Wang Liyuan Zhang Xu Du Xiaojia Wang Sokrates T. Pantelides Department of Physics and Astronomy and Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37235 USA Materials Science and Technology Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 37831 USA Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN 55455 USA Frontier Institute of Science and Technology and State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China Department of Physics Southern University of Science and Technology and Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering Shenzhen 518055 China Department of Physics and Astronomy Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY 11794 USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN 55455 USA

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Bright and color-tunable single layer perovskite host-ionic guest light emitting electrochemical cells

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2020年

作者： Mishra, Aditya Kumar DiLuzio, Stephen Alahbakhshi, Masoud Adams, Austen C. Bowler, Melanie H. Gu, Qing Zakhidov, Anvar A. Bernhard, Stefan Slinker, Jason D. Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Texas at Dallas 800 West Campbell Road RichardsonTX75080-3021 United States Department of Chemistry Carnegie Mellon University 4400 Fifth Avenue PittsburghPA15213 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Texas at Dallas 800 West Campbell Road RichardsonTX75080-3021 United States Department of Physics University of Texas at Dallas 800 West Campbell Road RichardsonTX75080-3021 United States NanoTech Institute University of Texas at Dallas 800 West Campbell Road RichardsonTX75080-3021 United States Laboratory of Advanced Solar Energy NUST MISiS Moscow119049 Russia

Perovskite light emitting devices have drawn considerable attention for their favorable optoelectronic properties. High carrier mobilities make perovskites excellent candidates as host materials in electroluminescent devices. To achieve high performance in a simple single layer device, we employed a CsPbBr3 perovskite host and a novel ionic iridium complex guest along with a polyelectrolyte to demonstrate efficient light emitting electrochemical cells (PeLECs). For an optimal guest/host blend, 10600 cd/m2 luminance at 11.6 cd/A and 9.04 Lm/W are achieved at 4.1 V. These devices showed voltage-dependent electroluminescence color proceeding from orange-red to green, facilitated by the reconfigurable ionic materials blend. Optimized devices exhibited stable operation under constant current driving, maintaining >630 cd/m2 emission for 40 h. Our rationally-designed ionic guest at an optimal concentration of the host produced efficient (>90%) Fӧrster energy transfer and improved thin film morphologies for high performance PeLEC operation enabled by ionic migration to interfaces. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Perovskite

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Machine-learning-accelerated high-throughput materials screening: Discovery of novel quaternary Heusler compounds

引用

Physical Review materials 2018年第12期2卷 123801-123801页

作者： Kyoungdoc Kim Logan Ward Jiangang He Amar Krishna Ankit Agrawal C. Wolverton Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 USA Computation Institute University of Chicago Chicago Illinois 60637 USA Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 USA

Discovering novel, multicomponent crystalline materials is a complex task owing to the large space of feasible structures. Here we demonstrate a method to significantly accelerate materials discovery by using a machine learning (ML) model trained on density functional theory (DFT) data from the Open Quantum materials Database (OQMD). Our ML model predicts the stability of a material based on its crystal structure and chemical composition, and we illustrate the effectiveness of the method by application to finding new quaternary Heusler (QH) compounds. Our ML-based approach can find new stable materials at a rate 30 times faster than undirected searches and we use it to predict 55 previously unknown, stable QH compounds. We find the accuracy of our ML model is higher when trained using the diversity of crystal structures available in the OQMD than when training on well-curated datasets which contain only a single family of crystal structures (i.e., QHs). The advantage of using diverse training data shows how large datasets, such as OQMD, are particularly valuable for materials discovery and that we need not train separate ML models to predict each different family of crystal structures. Compared to other proposed ML approaches, we find that our method performs best for small (<103) and large (>105) training set sizes. The excellent flexibility and accuracy of the approach presented here can be easily generalized to other types of crystals.

关键词： Density functional theory High-throughput calculations

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Inkjet printing platforms for DNA-based pathogen detection

Inkjet printing platforms for DNA-based pathogen detection

引用

Printing for Fabrication 2018: materials, Applications, and Processes, NIP 2018

作者： Zhao, Min Amaya, Susana Diaz Jin, Seon-ah Lin, Li-Kai Deering, Amanda J. Stanciu, Lia Chiu, George T.-C. Allebach, Jan P. School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Purdue University West LafayetteIN United States School of Materials Engineering Purdue University West LafayetteIN United States Department of Food Science Purdue University West LafayetteIN United States School of Mechanical Engineering Purdue University West LafayetteIN United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780892083367

Printing technologies recently have been applied to environmental pollution and food safety testing applications because there is more and more demand for inexpensive, portable and functional devices to be used for monitoring food and environment, such as enzyme-based biosensors [1] [2]. A system for printing nanoliter DNA based solution droplets on a lateral flow test strip with improved sensitivity for detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 (*** O157:H7) is described in this article. We will present an overview of the results obtained with our printing process and the image analysis of the responses in the test strips. The printing process includes the precise control of droplet volume, the design of the print masks, and functional printing of the DNA-based solution. We create an image analysis system to read the responses of the test strips to the foodborne pathogens (Escherichia coli O157:H7) and determine the relationship between the responses and the concentration of the ***. Furthermore, we confirm that our printed test strips can successfully detect the presence of *** O157:H7 with a concentration as low as 102 CFU/ml. © 2018 Society for Imaging science and Technology.

关键词： DNA

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Static Hopf Solitons and Knotted Emergent Fields in Solid-State Noncentrosymmetric Magnetic Nanostructures

引用

Physical Review Letters 2018年第18期121卷 187201-187201页

作者： Jung-Shen B. Tai (戴榮身) Ivan I. Smalyukh Department of Physics University of Colorado Boulder Colorado 80309 USA Materials Science and Engineering Program Soft Materials Research Center and Department of Electrical Computer and Energy Engineering University of Colorado Boulder Colorado 80309 USA Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute National Renewable Energy Laboratory and University of Colorado Boulder Colorado 80309 USA

Two-dimensional topological solitons, commonly called Skyrmions, are extensively studied in solid-state magnetic nanostructures and promise many spintronics applications. However, three-dimensional topological solitons dubbed hopfions have not been demonstrated as stable spatially localized structures in solid-state magnetic materials. Here we model the existence of such static solitons with different Hopf index values in noncentrosymmetric solid magnetic nanostructures with a perpendicular interfacial magnetic anisotropy. We show how this surface anisotropy, along with the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions and the geometry of nanostructures, stabilize hopfions. We demonstrate knots in emergent field lines and computer simulate Lorentz transmission electron microscopy images of such solitonic configurations to guide their experimental discovery in magnetic solids.

关键词： Magnetism Chiral magnets Solitons Topology

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