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arXiv 2025年

作者： Dagli, Sahil Shim, Jiyong Delgado, Hamish Carr Balch, Halleh B. Abdollahramezani, Sajjad Chen, Chih-Yi Dolia, Varun Klopfer, Elissa Dixon, Jefferson Hu, Jack Ogunlade, Babatunde Song, Jung-Hwan Brongersma, Mark L. Barton, David Dionne, Jennifer A. Department of Materials Science and Engineering Stanford University StanfordCA United States Department of Mechanical Engineering Stanford University StanfordCA United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials Stanford University StanfordCA United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University EvanstonIL United States

electrically tunable metasurfaces that control the amplitude and phase of light through biasing of nanoscale antennas present a route to compact, sub-micron thick modulator devices. However, most platforms face limitations in bandwidth, absolute optical efficiency, and tuning response. Here, we present electro-optically tunable metasurfaces capable of both GHz amplitude modulation and transmissive wavefront shaping in the telecom range. Our resonant electro-optic nanoantenna design consists of a silicon nanobar atop thin-film lithium niobate, with gold electrodes. The silicon nanobar is a periodically perturbed optical waveguide that supports high quality factor (Q > 1000) guided mode resonances excited with free space light. Applying a voltage bias to the lithium niobate tunes its refractive index, modulating the resonant behavior of the silicon nanobar through evanescent mode overlap. We demonstrate an absolute transmittance modulation of 7.1% with ±5 V applied voltage, and show the dependence of this modulation behavior on the resonance quality factor. We additionally study the electrode limitations on modulation bandwidth, demonstrating bandwidths exceeding 800 MHz. Finally, we show how this resonant antenna platform can be used to design wavefront shaping metasurfaces. We demonstrate a beamsplitting metasurface device, whose diffraction efficiency can be modulated with a bandwidth of 1.03 GHz. The high-speed modulation and wavefront control capabilities of this platform provide a foundation for compact, high bandwidth free space communications and sensing devices. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Light modulation

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Bayesian optimization with adaptive surrogate models for automated experimental design

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npj Computational materials 2021年第1期7卷 1800-1811页

作者： Bowen Lei Tanner Quinn Kirk Anirban Bhattacharya Debdeep Pati Xiaoning Qian Raymundo Arroyave Bani K.Mallick Department of Statistics Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA Department of Mechanical Engineering Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA Department of Electrical&Computer Engineering Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA Department of Computer Science&Engineering Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA Department of Materials Science&Engineering Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA

Bayesian optimization(BO)is an indispensable tool to optimize objective functions that either do not have known functional forms or are expensive to ***,optimal experimental design is always conducted within the workflow of BO leading to more efficient exploration of the design space compared to traditional *** can have a significant impact on modern scientific discovery,in particular autonomous materials discovery,which can be viewed as an optimization problem aimed at looking for the maximum(or minimum)point for the desired materials *** performance of BO-based experimental design depends not only on the adopted acquisition function but also on the surrogate models that help to approximate underlying objective *** this paper,we propose a fully autonomous experimental design framework that uses more adaptive and flexible Bayesian surrogate models in a BO procedure,namely Bayesian multivariate adaptive regression splines and Bayesian additive regression *** can overcome the weaknesses of widely used Gaussian process-based methods when faced with relatively high-dimensional design space or non-smooth patterns of objective *** simulation studies and real-world materials science case studies demonstrate their enhanced search efficiency and robustness.

关键词： functions properties optimization

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Max-Plus Synchronization in Decentralized Trading Systems

Max-Plus Synchronization in Decentralized Trading Systems

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IEEE Conference on Decision and Control

作者： Hans Riess Michael Munger Michael M. Zavlanos Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Duke University Department of Political Science Duke University Department of Economics Duke University Dept. of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science Duke University

We introduce a decentralized mechanism for pricing and exchanging alternatives constrained by transaction costs. We characterize the time-invariant solutions of a heat equation involving a (weighted) Tarski Laplacian operator, defined for max-plus matrix-weighted graphs, as approximate equilibria of the trading system. We study algebraic properties of the solution sets as well as convergence behavior of the dynamical system. We apply these tools to the “economic problem” of allocating scarce resources among competing uses. Our theory suggests differences in competitive equilibrium, bargaining, or cost-benefit analysis, depending on the context, are largely due to differences in the way that transaction costs are incorporated into the decision-making process. We present numerical simulations of the synchronization algorithm (RRAggU), demonstrating our theoretical findings.

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Computational search for materials having a giant anomalous Hall effect in the pyrochlore and spinel crystal structures

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Sullivan, Sean Lee, Seungjun Szymanski, Nathan J. Merchant, Amil Cubuk, Ekin Dogus Low, Tony Bartel, Christopher J. Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science University of Minnesota MinneapolisMN55455 United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Engineering University of Minnesota MinneapolisMN55455 United States Google DeepMind United Kingdom

Ferromagnetic pyrochlore and spinel materials with topological flat bands are of interest for their potential to exhibit a giant anomalous Hall effect (AHE). In this work, we present computational predictions of stability and electronic structure for 448 compositions within the pyrochlore (A2B2O7) and spinel (AB2O4) frameworks. Of these, 92 are predicted to be thermodynamically stable or close (2Ir2O7 exhibits an exceptionally high AHA of 0.728 when its Fermi level is optimized. These findings provide a roadmap for the targeted synthesis of new pyrochlore and spinel compounds with enhanced AHE properties. They also broaden the compositional design space for these structures and support the discovery of high-performance materials for next-generation spintronic applications. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Crystal atomic structure

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Mode-Symmetry-Assisted Optical Pulling by Bound States in the Continuum

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Physical Review Letters 2024年第25期132卷 253802-253802页

作者： Hang Li Yongyin Cao Rui Feng Bojian Shi Yuzhi Shi Yang Chen Dongliang Gao Tongtong Zhu Donghua Tang Fangkui Sun Cheng-Wei Qiu Weiqiang Ding Institute of Advanced Photonics School of Physics Institute of Precision Optical Engineering School of Physics Science and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation School of Physical Science and Technology Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation Science Department of Physics School of Science Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics

Aside from optical pushing and trapping that have been implemented successfully, the transportation of objects backward to the source by the optical pulling forces (OPFs) has attracted tremendous attention, which was usually achieved by increasing the forward momentum of light. However, the limited momentum transfer between light and object greatly constrains the amplitudes of OPFs. Here, we present a mechanism to generate strong interactions between object and background through the bound states in the continuums, which can generate large OPFs without increasing the forward momentum of light. The underlying physics is the extraction of momentum from the designed background lattice units assisted by mode symmetry. This work paves the way for extraordinary optical manipulations and shows great potential for exploring the momenta of light in media.

关键词： Mechanical effects of light on material media Nanophotonics Photonic crystals

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Remotely mind-controlled metasurface via brainwaves

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eLight 2022年第1期2卷 121-131页

作者： Ruichao Zhu Jiafu Wang Tianshuo Qiu Yajuan Han Xinmin Fu Yuzhi Shi Xingsi Liu Tonghao Liu Zhongtao Zhang Zuntian Chu Cheng‑Wei Qiu Shaobo Qu Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Artificially‑Structured Functional Materials and Devices Air Force Engineering UniversityXi’an 710051ShaanxiChina National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication Department of Micro/Nano ElectronicsShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty of EngineeringNational University of Singapore4 Engineering Drive 3Singapore 117583Singapore

The power of controlling objects with mind has captivated a popular fascination to human *** possible path is to employ brain signal collecting technologies together with emerging programmable metasurfaces(PM),whose functions or operating modes can be switched or customized via on-site programming or pre-defined ***,most of existing PMs are wire-connected to users,manually-controlled and not ***,we propose the concept of remotely mind-controlled metasurface(RMCM)via *** than DC voltage from power supply or AC voltages from signal generators,the metasurface is controlled by brainwaves collected in real time and transmitted wirelessly from the *** an example,we demonstrated a RMCM whose scattering pattern can be altered dynamically according to the user’s brain waves via *** attention intensity information is extracted as the control signal and a mapping between attention intensity and scattering pattern of the metasurface is *** such a framework,we experimentally demonstrated and verified a prototype of such metasurface system which can be remotely controlled by the user to modify its scattering *** work paves a new way to intelligent metasurfaces and may find applications in health monitoring,5G/6G communications,smart sensors,etc.

关键词： Brainwave Mind-controlled Reprogrammable metasurface Intelligent metasurface

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Color-fast semi-transparent organic photovoltaics 25

Color-fast semi-transparent organic photovoltaics

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Organic Photonic materials and Devices XXV 2023

作者： Sheriff, Hafiz K.M. Li, Yongxi Forrest, Stephen R. Applied Physics Program University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States Department of Electrical Engineering University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States Department of Physics University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781510659414

Equipping buildings with energy harvesting windows is a practical way to reduce greenhouse gas (GhG) emission. Utilizing semi-transparent organic photovoltaics (ST-OPVs) for this application requires the device to be colorfast, allowing for no change in the aesthetics or light harvesting property of the window. Here, we demonstrate an ST-OPV that is colorfast under 1 Sun AM 1.5G illumination at 50 °C and relative humidity of 34 %. © 2023 SPIE.

关键词： Energy harvesting

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Computational study of the role of counterions and solvent dielectric in determining the conductance of B-DNA

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Physical Review E 2023年第4期107卷 044404-044404页

作者： Yiren Wang Busra Demir Hashem Mohammad Ersin Emre Oren M. P. Anantram Deparment of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Washington Seattle Washington 98105 USA Bionanodesign Laboratory Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Materials Science & Nanotechnology Engineering TOBB University of Economics and Technology Ankara 06510 Turkey Department of Electrical Engineering Kuwait University P.O. Box 5969 Safat 13060 Kuwait

DNA naturally exists in a solvent environment, comprising water and salt molecules such as sodium, potassium, magnesium, etc. Along with the sequence, the solvent conditions become a vital factor determining DNA structure and thus its conductance. Over the last two decades, researchers have measured DNA conductivity both in hydrated and almost dry (dehydrated) conditions. However, due to experimental limitations (the precise control of the environment), it is very difficult to analyze the conductance results in terms of individual contributions of the environment. Therefore, modeling studies can help us to gain a valuable understanding of various factors playing a role in charge transport phenomena. DNA naturally has negative charges located at the phosphate groups in the backbone, which provides both the connections between the base pairs and the structural support for the double helix. Positively charged ions such as the sodium ion (Na+), one of the most commonly used counterions, balance the negative charges at the backbone. This modeling study investigates the role of counterions both with and without the solvent (water) environment in charge transport through double-stranded DNA. Our computational experiments show that in dry DNA, the presence of counterions affects electron transmission at the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energies. However, in solution, the counterions have a negligible role in transmission. Using the polarizable continuum model calculations, we demonstrate that the transmission is significantly higher at both the highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energies in a water environment as opposed to in a dry one. Moreover, calculations also show that the energy levels of neighboring bases are more closely aligned to ease electron flow in the solution.

关键词： electrical conductivity Electronic structure of atoms & molecules Quantum transport DNA Nucleic acids Density functional theory Methods in transport Nonequilibrium Green's function

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Wafer-scale Semiconductor Grafting: Enabling High-Performance, Lattice-Mismatched Heterojunctions

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Zhou, Jie Zhang, Qiming Gong, Jiarui Lu, Yi Liu, Yang Abbasi, Haris Qiu, Haining Kim, Jisoo Lin, Wei Kim, Donghyeok Li, Yiran Ng, Tien Khee Jang, Hokyung Liu, Dong Wang, Haiyan Ooi, Boon S. Ma, Zhenqiang Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison MadisonWI53706 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal23955-6900 Saudi Arabia School of Materials Engineering Purdue University West LafayetteIN47907 United States

Semiconductor heterojunctions are foundational to many advanced electronic and optoelectronic devices. However, achieving high-quality, lattice-mismatched interfaces remains challenging, limiting both scalability and device performance. Semiconductor grafting offers a promising solution by directly forming electrically active, lattice-mismatched heterojunctions between dissimilar materials. However, its scalability and uniformity at the wafer level have yet to be demonstrated. This work demonstrates the achievement of highly uniform, reproducible results across silicon, sapphire, and gallium nitride (GaN) substrates using wafer-scale semiconductor grafting. To illustrate this scalability, we conducted an in-depth study of a grafted Si/GaN heterojunction, examining band alignment through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and confirming crystallinity and interfacial integrity with scanning transmission electron microscopy. The resulting p-n diodes exhibit significantly enhanced electrical performance and wafer-scale uniformity compared to conventional approaches. This work establishes wafer-scale semiconductor grafting as a versatile and scalable technology, bridging the gap between laboratory-scale research and industrial manufacturing for heterogeneous semiconductor integration, and paving the way for novel, high-performance electronic and optoelectronic devices. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Gallium nitride

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Development of 5G Cyber-Physical Production System

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International Journal of Networked and Distributed Computing 2023年第1期11卷 9-19页

作者： Huang, Hsuan-Chao Tsai, Chun-Hsien Lin, Hsiung-Cheng Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Chin-Yi University of Technology No. 57 Sec. 2 Zhongshan Rd Taiping Dist Taichung Taiwan PhD program Prospective Technology of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science National Chin-Yi University of Technology No. 57 Sec. 2 Zhongshan Rd Taiping Dist Taichung Taiwan Department of Electronic Engineering National Chin-Yi University of Technology No. 57 Sec. 2 Zhongshan Rd Taiping Dist Taichung Taiwan

The cyber-physical production system (CPPS) was developed for the interconnection between operational technology (OT) and information and communication technology (ICT) among the machines and decentralized production control. However, OT and ICT are now getting more complex in the modern industry. To enhance industrial management and production process, the CPPS based on the 5G architecture under production environments can provide a more comprehensive solution in the context of Industry 4.0. For this purpose, a 5G CPPS model to improve the interoperability of CPPS in ICT and OT is proposed to build a virtualized Industry 4.0 asset management shell system. First, real-time task artifacts and 5G communication modules are bound in a certain form of virtualization. Second, task artifacts are released to the production line in a real-time scheduling. Third, an order is placed on a production line and split into multiple tasks for production process. Single-machine single-workpiece and multi-machine and multi-workpiece processing cases are used for testing in the production line. Experimental results show that the proposed 5G CPPS can efficiently achieve multi-machine work piece processing. © 2022, The Author(s).

关键词： 5G Cyber-physical production system (CPPS) Digital twin (DT) Industry 4.0 Information technology Operational technology

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