This perspective presents a membraneless direct liquid fuel cell(DLFC)concept based on a catalyst-selective *** membraneless DLFCs are operated at low temperatures by employing a non-precious cathode catalyst with a h...
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This perspective presents a membraneless direct liquid fuel cell(DLFC)concept based on a catalyst-selective *** membraneless DLFCs are operated at low temperatures by employing a non-precious cathode catalyst with a high catalytic *** uniqueness is that the inexpensive cathode catalyst only catalyzes the oxygen reduction reaction but does not catalyze the oxidation reaction of a specific ***,during the operation of DLFCs,the liquid fuel can enter the cathode freely without any concern of fuel *** catalyst-selective approach tactfully avoids the use of high-cost or technically unviable ion-exchange polymer membranes in *** catalyst-selective operating principle also overcomes the scalability issue of the traditional laminar-flow membraneless *** a proper management of the anode and cathode catalysts in the cell,a variety of inexpensive,renewable alcohols,and small-molecule organics can be employed as anode *** innovative approach of membraneless alkaline DLFCs offers a great opportunity for the development of inexpensive energy-generation systems for both mobile and stationary *** addition to summarizing the principle and the research progress of the unique membraneless DLFC platform,the challenges and future research directions are presented.
This study investigates the ureolysis and microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) characteristics of Sporosarcina pasteurii and Lysinibacillus sphaericus under varying incubation and reaction condit...
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Pitch-based carbon fiber surfaces were modified using a nickel-catalyzed, dry oxygen etch (NCDO) and a dry oxygen etch (DO), both of which were applied using a continuous process. The treatments differed in that DCDO ...
Pitch-based carbon fiber surfaces were modified using a nickel-catalyzed, dry oxygen etch (NCDO) and a dry oxygen etch (DO), both of which were applied using a continuous process. The treatments differed in that DCDO produced preferential pitting on fiber surfaces at nickel particle sites. Tensile strengths of all etched fibers were slightly lower than values for untreated, or ''as received'' (AR), fibers. Reductions in tensile strength were independent of the type of treatment administered, indicating that most degradation resulted from damage produced by the mechanics of the continuous process, not the etching treatments. Fiber-matrix interfacial shea. strengths (IFSS) of AR and etched fibers were evaluated using the Microbond test At first glance, Microbond test data indicated that NCDO produced large increases in IFSS. However, inconsistencies in the data raised questions regarding the validity and usefulness of the Microbond test when applied to this system. Only after detailed analysis of the data for this series of fibers was it concluded that NCDO did indeed produce an increase in IFSS over AR fibers and DO fibers.
In vitro liver tissue models are valuable for studying liver function, understanding liver diseases, and screening candidate drugs for toxicity and efficacy. While three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting shows promise in c...
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The CO2 permeability of uniaxially drawn high-density polyethylene (HDPE) was investigated and drastic changes were observed as a function of draw ratio. An estimation of variations in both density and fractional free...
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The CO2 permeability of uniaxially drawn high-density polyethylene (HDPE) was investigated and drastic changes were observed as a function of draw ratio. An estimation of variations in both density and fractional free volume of the amorphous component in the drawn polymers was made on the basis of experimental data. The dramatic variations in permeability resulting from drawing were shown to be the consequence of changes of fractional free volume in the amorphous phase of the drawn polymer. Good correlation exists between measured solubility and diffusion coefficients of drawn samples and the estimated fractional free volume;this correlation agrees with the existing free volume theory for diffusion in polymers.
A set of isothermally melt-crystallized polyethylene samples was examined using small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS). Time and temperature of crystallization were the variable parameters used to create the set of sampl...
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A set of isothermally melt-crystallized polyethylene samples was examined using small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS). Time and temperature of crystallization were the variable parameters used to create the set of samples. Following background subtraction, desmearing, and application of the Lorentz factor to the raw SAXS data it is possible to see many orders of reflection. This suggests that much higher degrees of order are present in isothermally melt-crystallized samples than had previously been thought possible. A combination of SAXS and DSC data indicates that there is no evidence for isothermal thickening in these samples. This study, coupled with data obtained from PE single crystals, produced information concerning the extrapolation of single-crystal data to fit bulk systems. In addition, the equilibrium melting point T determined is somewhat lower than previously claimed. This study also suggests that the surface energy of the mature crystals is always lower than that of the nucleated state and/or the nucleation factor K σ en increases with decreasing supercooling.
Annealing studies of the calcium salt of an ethylene-methacrylic acid copolymer are reported. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry were applied to the investigation of the effe...
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Annealing studies of the calcium salt of an ethylene-methacrylic acid copolymer are reported. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry were applied to the investigation of the effect of polyethylene crystallization on ionic structure as a function of annealing temperature and time. The spectroscopic changes observed in the spectra of the calcium salt annealed at 80°C differ from those seen in the spectra of the calcium salt annealed at room temperature. These changes are interpreted in terms of the multiplet-cluster model and the effect of the polyethylene-type crystallinity on the ionic microstructure.
There are many methods currently producing high modulus and high strength films and fibers in industry. This publication examines the results of a hot nip drawing process to produce high modulus PP films at a relative...
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There are many methods currently producing high modulus and high strength films and fibers in industry. This publication examines the results of a hot nip drawing process to produce high modulus PP films at a relatively rapid production rate. The effects of both temperature and rate of draw on the drawn material will also be examined.
The rapid development of consumer electronic and electric vehicle markets causes the increasing demand for advanced rechargeable ***(Li)metal batteries(LMBs)have attracted considerable attention in recent years due to...
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The rapid development of consumer electronic and electric vehicle markets causes the increasing demand for advanced rechargeable ***(Li)metal batteries(LMBs)have attracted considerable attention in recent years due to their high energy density[1],since the metallic Li anode exhibits the ultra-high theoretical capacity and the lowest electrode potential among various alkali metals[2].
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