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The Null Field and the Interior Field Methods For Mixed Types of Boundary Conditions of Laplace's Equations in Elliptic Domains with Elliptic Holes

The Null Field and the Interior Field Methods For Mixed Type...

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Joint International Conference on Trefftz Method Ⅶ and Method of Fundamental Solutions Ⅲ(Trefftz/MFS 2015)

作者： Liping Zhang Ming-Gong Lee Zi-Cai Li College of Science Zhejiang University of Technology Department of Leisure and Recreation Management Ph.D.Program in Engineering ScienceChung Hua University Department of Applied Mathematics Department of Computer Science and EngineeringNational Sun Yat-sen University

The particular solutions(PS) and fundamental solutions(FS) in polar coordinates can be found in many textbooks, but with much less coverage in elliptic coordinates [1]. Since the elliptic domains with elliptic holes may be found in some engineering problems, the PS and the FS expansions in elliptic coordinates are essential for numerical computations. For Dirichlet problems of Laplace's equation in elliptic domains, the null field method(NFM), the interior field method(IFM) and the collocation Trefftz method(CTM) are reported in [2]. There seems to exist very few reports for mixed problems, where the Dirichlet and Neumann conditions are assigned on the exterior and the interior boundaries, simultaneously. This paper is devoted to such mixed problems by the NFM and the IFM, and the explicit algebraic equations are derived for elliptic domains. Besides, other effective particular solutions(PS) are sought, and the collocation Trefftz method(CTM) [3] is employed. The CTM may be used for Robin problems in elliptic domains. The effective algorithms for the mixed problems of Laplace's equation on elliptic domains are the main goal of this paper.

关键词： Null field method Interior field method collocation Trefftz method circular domains elliptic domains Elliptic Holes fundamental solutions Particular Solutions Dirichlet condition Neumann condition Robin Problems

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Global investments in pandemic preparedness and COVID-19: development assistance and domestic spending on health between 1990 and 2026

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The Lancet Global Health 2023年第3期11卷 e385-e413页

作者： Micah, Angela E. Bhangdia, Kayleigh Cogswell, Ian E. Lasher, Dylan Lidral-Porter, Brendan Maddison, Emilie R. Nguyen, Trang Nhu Ngoc Patel, Nishali Pedroza, Paola Solorio, Juan Stutzman, Hayley Tsakalos, Golsum Wang, Yifeng Warriner, Wesley Zhao, Yingxi Zlavog, Bianca S. Abbafati, Cristiana Abbas, Jaffar Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari, Zeinab Abdelmasseh, Michael Abdulah, Deldar Morad Abedi, Aidin Abegaz, Kedir Hussein Abhilash, E.S. Aboagye, Richard Gyan Abolhassani, Hassan Abrigo, Michael R.M. Abubaker Ali, Hiwa Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Adem, Mohammed Hussien Afzal, Muhammad Sohail Ahmadi, Ali Ahmed, Haroon Ahmed Rashid, Tarik Aji, Budi Akbarialiabad, Hossein Akelew, Yibeltal Al Hamad, Hanadi Alam, Khurshid Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour Alanzi, Turki M. Al-Hanawi, Mohammed Khaled Alhassan, Robert Kaba Aljunid, Syed Mohamed Almustanyir, Sami Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M. Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Alvis-Zakzuk, Nelson J. Amare, Azmeraw T. Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena Amini-Rarani, Mostafa Amu, Hubert Ancuceanu, Robert Andrei, Tudorel Anwar, Sumadi Lukman Appiah, Francis Aqeel, Muhammad Arabloo, Jalal Arab-Zozani, Morteza Aravkin, Aleksandr Y. Aremu, Olatunde Aruleba, Raphael Taiwo Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin Avila-Burgos, Leticia Ayanore, Martin Amogre Azari, Samad Baig, Atif Amin Bantie, Abere Tilahun Barrow, Amadou Baskaran, Pritish Basu, Sanjay Batiha, Abdul-Monim Mohammad Baune, Bernhard T. Berezvai, Zombor Bhardwaj, Nikha Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhaskar, Sonu Boachie, Micheal Kofi Bodolica, Virginia Botelho, João Silva Botelho Braithwaite, Dejana Breitborde, Nicholas J.K. Busse, Reinhard Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero Catalá-López, Ferrán Chansa, Collins Charan, Jaykaran Chattu, Vijay Kumar Chen, Simiao Chukwu, Isaac Sunday Dadras, Omid Dandona, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Dargahi, Abdollah Debela, Sisay Abebe Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar Desye, Belay Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda Diao, Nancy Doan, Linh Phuong Dodangeh, Milad dos Santos, Wendel Mombaque Doshmangir, Leila Dube, John Eini, Ebrahim El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa El Tantawi, Maha Enyew, Daniel Berhanie Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Applied Mathematics University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Nuffield Department of Medicine University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom Department of Juridical and Economic Studies La Sapienza University Rome Italy Antai College of Economics Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China Non-communicable Diseases Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Research Center for Immunodeficiencies Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Multiple Sclerosis Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Children’s Medical Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Tehran Heart Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Faculty of Medicine Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran National Institute for Health Research Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Pharmacology Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Cardiology Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Digestive Diseases Research Institute Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Neurology Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Social Determinants of Health Research Center Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Epidemiology Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Health Economics and Statistics Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Neurosurgery Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Ophthalmic R

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted gaps in health surveillance systems, disease prevention, and treatment globally. Among the many factors that might have led to these gaps is the issue of the financing of national health systems, especially in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), as well as a robust global system for pandemic preparedness. We aimed to provide a comparative assessment of global health spending at the onset of the pandemic;characterise the amount of development assistance for pandemic preparedness and response disbursed in the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic;and examine expectations for future health spending and put into context the expected need for investment in pandemic preparedness. Methods: In this analysis of global health spending between 1990 and 2021, and prediction from 2021 to 2026, we estimated four sources of health spending: development assistance for health (DAH), government spending, out-of-pocket spending, and prepaid private spending across 204 countries and territories. We used the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)'s Creditor Reporting System (CRS) and the WHO Global Health Expenditure Database (GHED) to estimate spending. We estimated development assistance for general health, COVID-19 response, and pandemic preparedness and response using a keyword search. Health spending estimates were combined with estimates of resources needed for pandemic prevention and preparedness to analyse future health spending patterns, relative to need. Findings: In 2019, at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, US$9·2 trillion (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 9·1–9·3) was spent on health worldwide. We found great disparities in the amount of resources devoted to health, with high-income countries spending $7·3 trillion (95% UI 7·2–7·4) in 2019;293·7 times the $24·8 billion (95% UI 24·3–25·3) spent by low-income countries in 2019. That same year, $43·1 billion in development assistance was provided

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26th Annual Computational Neuroscience Meeting (CNS*2017): Part 3 Antwerp, Belgium. 15-20 July 2017 Abstracts

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BMC NEUROSCIENCE 2017年第SUPPL 1期18卷 95-176页

作者： [Anonymous] Department of Neuroscience Yale University New Haven CT 06520 USA Department Physiology & Pharmacology SUNY Downstate Brooklyn NY 11203 USA NYU School of Engineering 6 MetroTech Center Brooklyn NY 11201 USA Departament de Matemàtica Aplicada Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya Barcelona 08028 Spain Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerrannée (INMED) INSERM UMR901 Aix-Marseille Univ Marseille France Center of Neural Science New York University New York NY USA Aix-Marseille Univ INSERM INS Inst Neurosci Syst Marseille France Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Modélisation CNRS UMR 8089 Université de Cergy-Pontoise 95300 Cergy-Pontoise Cedex France Department of Mathematics and Computer Science ENSAT Abdelmalek Essaadi’s University Tangier Morocco Laboratory of Natural Computation Department of Information and Electrical Engineering and Applied Mathematics University of Salerno 84084 Fisciano SA Italy Department of Medicine University of Salerno 84083 Lancusi SA Italy Dipartimento di Fisica Università degli Studi Aldo Moro Bari and INFN Sezione Di Bari Italy Data Analysis Department Ghent University Ghent Belgium Coma Science Group University of Liège Liège Belgium Cruces Hospital and Ikerbasque Research Center Bilbao Spain BIOtech Department of Industrial Engineering University of Trento and IRCS-PAT FBK 38010 Trento Italy Department of Data Analysis Ghent University Ghent 9000 Belgium The Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging University College London London WC1N 3BG UK Department of Electronic Engineering NED University of Engineering and Technology Karachi Pakistan Blue Brain Project École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland Departement of Mathematics Swansea University Swansea Wales UK Laboratory for Topology and Neuroscience at the Brain Mind Institute École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland Institute of Mathematics University of Aberdeen Aberdeen Scotland UK Department of Integrativ

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Solitons in optical metamaterials with trial solution approach and Bäcklund transform of Riccati equation

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Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 2015年第12期12卷 5940-5948页

作者： Arnous, A.H. Mirzazadeh, Mohammad Moshokoa, Seithuti Medhekar, Sarang Zhou, Qin Mahmood, M.F. Biswas, Anjan Belic, Milivoj Department of Engineering Mathematics and Physics Higher Institute of Engineering El Shorouk Egypt Department of Engineering Sciences University of Guilan Rudsar-Vajargah44891-63157 Iran Department of Mathematics and Statistics Tshwane University of Technology Pretoria0008 South Africa Centre for Applied Physics Central University of Jharkhand Brambe Ranchi835205 India School of Electronics and Information Engineering Wuhan Donghu University Wuhan430212 China Department of Mathematics Howard University WashingtonDC20059 United States Department of Mathematical Sciences Delaware State University DoverDE19901-2277 United States Department of Mathematics Faculty of Science King Abdulaziz University Jeddah21589 Saudi Arabia Science Program Texas A and M University at Qatar P.O. Box 23874 Doha Qatar

This paper obtains soliton solutions in optical metamaterials. There are a couple of integration techniques that are applied to the nonlinear Schrödinger's equation, with full nonlinearity, that serves as the governing model. These are trial solution approach and application of Bäcklund transform to Riccati equation. There are four types of nonlinear media that are studied in this paper. They are Kerr law that is also referred to as cubic law, power law, parabolic law occasionally referred to as cubic-quintic law and finally dual-power law nonlinearity. Bright, dark and singular soliton solutions are obtained in optical metamaterials with the aid of the two algorithms. As a byproduct of these two approaches, singular periodic solutions and plane wave solutions are also listed although these are not utilized in optical metamaterials. There are several constraint conditions that naturally fall out from the solution structure. These conditions guarantee the existence of these variety of solutions. Copyright © 2015 American Scientific Publishers All rights reserved.

关键词： Solitons

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Learning ordered representations with nested dropout 31

Learning ordered representations with nested dropout

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31st International Conference on Machine Learning, ICML 2014

作者： Rippel, Oren Gelbart, Michael A. Adams, Ryan P. Department of Mathematics School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard University United States Program in Biophysics School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard University United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781634393973

In this paper, we present results on ordered representations of data in which different dimensions have different degrees of importance. To learn these representations we introduce nested dropout, a procedure for stochastically removing coherent nested sets of hidden units in a neural network. We first present a sequence of theoretical results for the special case of a semi-linear autoencoder. We rigorously show that the application of nested dropout enforces identifiability of the units, which leads to an exact equivalence with PCA. We then extend the algorithm to deep models and demonstrate the relevance of ordered representations to a number of applications. Specifically, we use the ordered property of the learned codes to construct hash-based data structures that permit very fast retrieval, achieving retrieval in time logarithmic in the database size and independent of the dimensionality of the representation. This allows codes that are hundreds of times longer than currently feasible for retrieval. We therefore avoid the diminished quality associated with short codes, while still performing retrieval that is competitive in speed with existing methods. We also show that ordered representations are a promising way to learn adaptive compression for efficient online data reconstruction. Copyright 2014 by the author(s).

关键词： Learning systems

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Proceedings from the IV Brazilian Meeting on Research Integrity, Science and Publication Ethics (IV BRISPE)

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Research Integrity and Peer Review 2017年第1期2卷 1-12页

作者： Sonia Vasconcelos Edson Watanabe L. P. Garcia E. Duarte M. C. Cassimiro M. M. P. Diós-Borges A. M. M. Soares C. H. Debenedito Silva A. A. P. Santa Rosa G. A. Fófano H. S. Pinheiro A. M. Gollner C. C. Santos S. M. R. Vasconcelos D. C. Machado P. V. S. Souza R. T. Souza M. D Ribeiro P. Biancovilli M. Fontes-Domingues V. C. Garbocci R. Neves M. D. Ribeiro R. Amaral M. M. M. Machado P. M. Lourenço V. Ronchi A. C. Furnival L. S. Gracioso M. D. P. Silva F. M. Litto M. Patrão Neves A. S. Carvalho J. Araújo S. Liskauskas R. Kant de Lima S. C. Bourguignon F. R. Mota H. G. Falcão J. C. Amaral A. C. Quintela A. Schtscherbyna A. Palma C. A. Guimarães D. Foguel E. H. Watanabe R. M. V. R. Almeida J. R. Lapa e Silva M. M. Sorenson B. C. Machado A. P. Vicentini A. A. B. Almodóvar R. M. Catarino H. H. Caiaffa Filho E. Damasio J. Leta L. V. R. Rezende S. Cruz-Riascos A. Abreu M. Russo P. G. Camacho M. Palácios N. R. A. Silva M. R. C. G. Novaes D. Guilhem H. S Selistre-de-Araujo A. S. C. Abreu Science Education Program Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis (IBqM) Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) Rio de Janeiro Brazil Committee on Research Integrity (CRI) Advisory Council for Research Ethics (CTEP) Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) Rio de Janeiro Brazil Electrical Engineering Program (PEE) Institute Alberto Luiz Coimbra of Graduate Studies and Research in Engineering (COPPE) Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) Rio de Janeiro Brazil Institute for Applied Economic Research (IPEA) Brasília Federal District Brazil Secretary for Health Surveillance Ministry of Health Brasília Federal District Brazil Scientific Integrity Committee Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Oswaldo Cruz Institute (IOC/FIOCRUZ) Rio de Janeiro Brazil Scientific Integrity Committee Oswaldo Cruz Institute Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IOC/FIOCRUZ) Rio de Janeiro Brazil Bioethics Institute Catholic University of Portugal Porto Portugal Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ) Rio de Janeiro Brazil National Cancer Institute (INCA) Cancer Hospital IV - Ethics Committee for Clinical Research Rio de Janeiro Brazil Federal General Hospital of Bonsucesso Rio de Janeiro Brazil Human Research Ethics Committee University Hospital of Juiz de Fora (HU-UJFJ) Juiz de Fora Minas Gerais Brazil Faculty of Southeastern Minas Gerais (FACSUM) Juiz de Fora Minas Gerais Brazil São Pedro Educational Institute (IESPe) Juiz de Fora Minas Gerais Brazil University Hospital of Juiz de Fora (HU-UJFJ) Juiz de Fora Minas Gerais Brazil Department of Biology and Sciences Pedro II School Rio de Janeiro Brazil Science Education Program Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IBqM/UFRJ) Rio de Janeiro Brazil Professional Masters Program in Science Education Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis (IBqM) Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) Rio de Janeiro Brazil Research Ethics Committee Clementino Fraga Filho University Hos

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Corrigendum to ''Modelling cross-reactivity and memory in the cellular adaptive immune response to influenza infection in the host'' [***. Biol. 413 (2017) 34-49]

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Journal of theoretical biology 2017年 419卷 394页

作者： Ada W C Yan Pengxing Cao Jane M Heffernan Jodie McVernon Kylie M Quinn Nicole L La Gruta Karen L Laurie James M McCaw School of Mathematics and Statistics University of Melbourne Parkville VIC 3010 Australia. Department of Mathematics and Statistics York University Toronto Ontario Canada M3J 1P3 Modelling Infection and Immunity Lab Centre for Disease Modelling York Institute for Health Research York University Toronto Ontario Canada M3J1P3. Doherty Epidemiology Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity University of Melbourne Parkville VIC 3010 Australia Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics Melbourne School of Population and Global Health University of Melbourne Parkville VIC 3010 Australia Modelling and Simulation Infection and Immunity Theme Murdoch Children's Research Institute Parkville VIC 3052 Australia. Department of Microbiology and Immunology Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity University of Melbourne Parkville VIC 3010 Australia Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Biomedicine Discovery Institute Monash University Clayton VIC 3800 Australia. WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity Melbourne VIC 3000 Australia School of Applied and Biomedical Sciences Federation University Churchill VIC 3842 Australia Department of Microbiology and Immunology Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity University of Melbourne Parkville VIC 3010 Australia. School of Mathematics and Statistics University of Melbourne Parkville VIC 3010 Australia Modelling and Simulation Infection and Immunity Theme Murdoch Children's Research Institute Parkville VIC 3052 Australia. Electronic address: jamesm@unimelb.edu.au.

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Computational coupling of 1D and 2D models for aerospace structures

Computational coupling of 1D and 2D models for aerospace str...

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54th Israel Annual Conference on Aerospace Sciences, IACAS 2014

作者： Ofir, Yoav Rabinovich, Daniel Givoli, Dan Interdepartmental Program of Applied Mathematics Technion - Israel Institute of Technology Israel Department of Aerospace Engineering Technion - Israel Institute of Technology Israel

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Diagnosing hyperuniformity in two-dimensional, disordered, jammed packings of soft spheres

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Physical Review E 2015年第1期91卷 012302-012302页

作者： Remi Dreyfus Ye Xu Tim Still L. A. Hough A. G. Yodh Salvatore Torquato Complex Assemblies of Soft Matter CNRS-Rhodia-UPenn UMI 3254 Bristol Pennsylvania 19007-3624 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104-6396 USA Department of Chemistry Department of Physics Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials and Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics Princeton University Princeton New Jersey 08544 USA

Hyperuniformity characterizes a state of matter for which (scaled) density fluctuations diminish towards zero at the largest length scales. However, the task of determining whether or not an image of an experimental system is hyperuniform is experimentally challenging due to finite-resolution, noise, and sample-size effects that influence characterization measurements. Here we explore these issues, employing video optical microscopy to study hyperuniformity phenomena in disordered two-dimensional jammed packings of soft spheres. Using a combination of experiment and simulation we characterize the possible adverse effects of particle polydispersity, image noise, and finite-size effects on the assignment of hyperuniformity, and we develop a methodology that permits improved diagnosis of hyperuniformity from real-space measurements. The key to this improvement is a simple packing reconstruction algorithm that incorporates particle polydispersity to minimize the free volume. In addition, simulations show that hyperuniformity in finite-sized samples can be ascertained more accurately in direct space than in reciprocal space. Finally, our experimental colloidal packings of soft polymeric spheres are shown to be effectively hyperuniform.

关键词： COLLOIDS FOURIER transforms SPECTRAL energy distribution MICROGELS MICROSCOPY

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Time-stepping approach for solving upper-bound problems: Application to two-dimensional Rayleigh-Bénard convection

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Physical Review E 2015年第4期92卷 043012-043012页

作者： Baole Wen Gregory P. Chini Rich R. Kerswell Charles R. Doering Program in Integrated Applied Mathematics University of New Hampshire Durham New Hampshire 03824 USA Center for Fluid Physics University of New Hampshire Durham New Hampshire 03824 USA The Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences The University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas 78712 USA Department of Mechanical Engineering University of New Hampshire Durham New Hampshire 03824 USA School of Mathematics University of Bristol University Walk Bristol BS8 1TW United Kingdom Department of Physics University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48109-1040 USA Department of Mathematics University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48109-1043 USA Center for the Study of Complex Systems University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48109-1107 USA

An alternative computational procedure for numerically solving a class of variational problems arising from rigorous upper-bound analysis of forced-dissipative infinite-dimensional nonlinear dynamical systems, including the Navier-Stokes and Oberbeck-Boussinesq equations, is analyzed and applied to Rayleigh-Bénard convection. A proof that the only steady state to which this numerical algorithm can converge is the required global optimal of the relevant variational problem is given for three canonical flow configurations. In contrast with most other numerical schemes for computing the optimal bounds on transported quantities (e.g., heat or momentum) within the “background field” variational framework, which employ variants of Newton's method and hence require very accurate initial iterates, the new computational method is easy to implement and, crucially, does not require numerical continuation. The algorithm is used to determine the optimal background-method bound on the heat transport enhancement factor, i.e., the Nusselt number (Nu), as a function of the Rayleigh number (Ra), Prandtl number (Pr), and domain aspect ratio L in two-dimensional Rayleigh-Bénard convection between stress-free isothermal boundaries (Rayleigh's original 1916 model of convection). The result of the computation is significant because analyses, laboratory experiments, and numerical simulations have suggested a range of exponents α and β in the presumed Nu∼PrαRaβ scaling relation. The computations clearly show that for Ra≤1010 at fixed L=22,Nu≤0.106Pr0Ra5/12, which indicates that molecular transport cannot generally be neglected in the “ultimate” high-Ra regime.

关键词： RAYLEIGH-Benard convection RESEARCH BOUNDS (mathematics) CONVECTIVE flow (Fluid dynamics) NATURAL heat convection NUSSELT number

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