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Biodiversity of commercially important groupers (Epinephelidae) in Aceh, Indonesia: A checklist

IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2022年第1期956卷

作者： N Fadli A Damora Z A Muchlisin I Dewiyanti M Ramadhaniaty F M Nur A S Batubara N M Razi E D Macusi M N Siti-Azizah Faculty of Marine and Fisheries Universitas Syiah Kuala Banda Aceh Indonesia Doctorate Program in Mathematics and Applied Sciences Universitas Syiah Kuala Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Universitas Negeri Medan North Sumatra 20221 Indonesia Davao Oriental State University (DOrSU) Mati City Davao Oriental Philippines Institute of Marine Biotechnology Universiti Malaysia Terengganu Terengganu Malaysia

The groupers, locally known as 'kerapu' in Indonesia, are commercially valuable fish in Indonesia, including Aceh. The groupers are the first fish family to be plundered in most countries' fisheries industries. However, the biodiversity information of the groupers fished in Aceh is limited. This study was aimed to inventories the grouper species landed in Aceh fish landing sites. The data collection was performed in some fish landing locations (TPI) located in Aceh. In general, this study revealed that Aceh has high grouper diversity. In total, 35 species of the Epinephelidae family were recorded. Epinephelus was the dominant genus found, followed by Cephalopholis, Plectropomus, Variola, Aethaloperca, Anyperodon, and Hyporthodus. Simeulue, Weh island, and Banda Aceh were the locations with the highest diversity of grouper in Aceh. Overall, the data collected from this study would be beneficial for the future management plan of grouper in Aceh and Indonesia.

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Hyperuniformity of generalized random organization models

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Physical Review E 2019年第2期99卷 022115-022115页

作者： Zheng Ma Salvatore Torquato Department of Chemistry Department of Physics Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials and Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics Princeton University Princeton New Jersey 08544 USA

Studies of random organization models of monodisperse (i.e., identical) spherical particles have shown that a hyperuniform state is achievable when the system goes through an absorbing phase transition to a critical state. Here we investigate to what extent hyperuniformity is preserved when the model is generalized to particles with a size distribution and/or nonspherical shapes. We begin by examining binary disks in two dimensions and demonstrate that their critical states are hyperuniform as two-phase media, but not hyperuniform nor multihyperuniform as point patterns formed by the particle centroids. We further confirm the generality of our findings by studying particles with a continuous size distribution. Finally, to study the effect of rotational degrees of freedom, we extend our model to noncircular particles, namely, hard rectangles with various aspect ratios, including the hard-needle limit. Although these systems exhibit only short-range orientational order, hyperuniformity is still preserved. Our analysis reveals that the redistribution of the “mass” of the particles rather than the particle centroids is central to this dynamical process. The consideration of the “active volume fraction” of generalized random organization models may help to resolve which universality class they belong to and hence may lead to a deeper theoretical understanding of absorbing-state models. Our results suggest that general particle systems subject to random organization can be a robust way to fabricate a wide class of hyperuniform states of matter by tuning the structures via different particle-size and -shape distributions. This in turn potentially enables the creation of multifunctional hyperuniform materials with desirable optical, transport, and mechanical properties.

关键词： Classical statistical mechanics

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Nonrigid registration using Gaussian processes and local likelihood estimation

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Wiens, Ashton Kleiber, William Nychka, Douglas Barnhart, Katherine R. Department of Applied Mathematics University of Colorado BoulderCO United States Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics Colorado School of Mines GoldenCO United States Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences University of Colorado BoulderCO United States Department of Geological Sciences University of Colorado BoulderCO United States US Geological Survey Landslide Hazards Program 1711 Illinois St. GoldenCO80401 United States

Surface registration, the task of aligning several multidimensional point sets, is a necessary task in many scientific fields. In this work, a novel statistical approach is developed to solve the problem of nonrigid registration. While the application of an affine transformation results in rigid registration, using a general nonlinear function to achieve nonrigid registration is necessary when the point sets require deformations that change over space. The use of a local likelihood-based approach using windowed Gaussian processes provides a flexible way to accurately estimate the nonrigid deformation. This strategy also makes registration of massive data sets feasible by splitting the data into many subsets. The estimation results yield spatially-varying local rigid registration parameters. Gaussian process surface models are then fit to the parameter fields, allowing prediction of the transformation parameters at unestimated locations, specifically at observation locations in the unregistered data set. Applying these transformations results in a global, nonrigid registration. A penalty on the transformation parameters is included in the likelihood objective function. Combined with smoothing of the local estimates from the surface models, the nonrigid registration model can prevent the problem of overfitting. The efficacy of the nonrigid registration method is tested in two simulation studies, varying the number of windows and number of points, as well as the type of deformation. The nonrigid method is applied to a pair of massive remote sensing elevation data sets exhibiting complex geological terrain, with improved accuracy and uncertainty quantification in a cross validation study versus two rigid registration methods. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Uncertainty analysis

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Information system for diagnosing Neonatal Jaundice using rule-based algorithm

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2021年第1期1943卷

作者： D Anggraini M N Widyawati S Suryono Master of Applied Science in Midwifery Program Poltekkes Kemenkes Semarang Indonesia. Postgraduate Applied Science Midwifery Program Poltekkes Kemenkes Semarang Indonesia Departement of Physics Faculty of Science and Mathematics Universitas Diponegoro semarang Indonesia.

Neonatal jaundice often occurs in newborns characterized by a yellow discoloration of the sclera and baby's skin due to high levels of bilirubin in the blood. The occurrence of jaundice needs done identified to the development of hyperbilirubinemia which has the potential to become a toxic that can cause kernicterus. Detection of jaundice by manual (visual) is still often done by parents and health workers, so that the results of the diagnosis obtained are less accurate. This study proposes an innovative used of information systems in detecting jaundice using the SDLC (Systems Development Life Cycle) method with a waterfall model. Retrieval of data in this study with a quasi experiment using non-probability sampling with consecutive sampling on 48 newborn respondents. The result of this study indicate that the information system that has been built can detect jaundice faster as much as 2.1 minutes with an accuracy rate of 91.7%, can provide appropriate solutions and an effective level of use of information systems of 90.5% which can be used as an innovation in helping overcome jaundice problems.

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Mathematical modeling and mechanisms of HIV latency for personalized anti latency therapies

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npj Systems Biology and Applications 2025年第1期11卷 1-11页

作者： Gianmarco Rasi Nicola Cotugno Paolo Palma Elena Emili Jessica M. Conway Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital IRCCS 00165 Rome Italy PhD Program in Immunology Molecular Medicine and Applied Biotechnology University of Rome “Tor Vergata” 00133 Rome Italy Department of Systems Medicine University of Rome “Tor Vergata” 00133 Roma Italy Department of Mathematics and Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics Pennsylvania State University University Park PA USA

Combination antiretroviral therapy controls human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV) but cannot eradicate latent proviruses in immune cells, which reactivate upon treatment interruption. Anti-latency therapies like “shock-and-kill” are being developed but are yet to succeed due to the complexity of latency mechanisms. This review discusses recent advances in understanding HIV latency via mathematical modeling, covering key regulatory factors and models to predict latency reversal, highlighting gaps to guide future therapeutic approaches.

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A Mathematical Model for Linguistic Universals

arXiv

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Weinan, E. Zhou, Yajun Department of Mathematics & Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States Beijing Institute of Big Data Research Beijing100871 China

Inspired by chemical kinetics and neurobiology, we propose a mathematical theory for pattern recurrence in text documents, applicable to a wide variety of languages. We present a Markov model at the discourse level for Steven Pinker’s "mentalese", or chains of mental states that transcend the spoken/written forms. Such (potentially) universal temporal structures of textual patterns lead us to a language-independent semantic representation, or a translationally-invariant word embedding, thereby forming the common ground for both comprehensibility within a given language and translatability between different languages. Applying our model to documents of moderate lengths, without relying on external knowledge bases, we reconcile Noam Chomsky’s "poverty of stimulus" paradox with statistical learning of natural languages. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Markov processes

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Convergence acceleration of ensemble Kalman inversion in nonlinear settings

arXiv

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Chada, Neil K. Tong, Xin T. Applied Mathematics and Computational Science Program King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal23955 Saudi Arabia Department of Mathematics National University of Singapore 119077 Singapore

Many data-science problems can be formulated as an inverse problem, where the parameters are estimated by minimizing a proper loss function. When complicated black-box models are involved, derivative-free optimization tools are often needed. The ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) is a particle-based derivative-free Bayesian algorithm originally designed for data assimilation. Recently, it has been applied to inverse problems for computational efficiency. The resulting algorithm, known as ensemble Kalman inversion (EKI), involves running an ensemble of particles with EnKF update rules so they can converge to a minimizer. In this article, we investigate EKI convergence in general nonlinear settings. To improve convergence speed and stability, we consider applying EKI with non-constant step-sizes and covariance inflation. We prove that EKI can hit critical points with finite steps in non-convex settings. We further prove that EKI converges to the global minimizer polynomially fast if the loss function is strongly convex. We verify the analysis presented with numerical experiments on two inverse problems. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Inverse problems

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Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: Global 2024年第4期3卷 100326-100326页

作者： Herrmann, Susan Kulkarni, Rishabh Trevenen, Michelle Karuppasamy, Hana Willis, Catherine Berry, Renee Von Ungern-Sternberg, Britta Warrier, Niklesh Li, Ian Murray, Kevin Lucas, Michaela School of Medicine The University of Western Australia Perth Australia Department of Immunology Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital Perth Australia Centre for Applied Statistics School of Physics Mathematics and Computing The University of Western Australia Perth Australia Department of Immunology Fiona Stanley Hospital Perth Australia Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine Perth Children's Hospital Perth Australia Division of Emergency Medicine Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine Medical School The University of Western Australia Perth Australia Institute for Paediatric Perioperative Excellence The University of Western Australia Perth Australia Perioperative Medicine Team Perioperative Care Program Telethon Kids Institute Perth Australia National Centre for Student Equity in Higher Education Curtin University Perth Australia School of Population Health The University of Western Australia Perth Australia

Background: The clinical consequences of an antibiotic allergy label are detrimental, impacting health care delivery and patient outcomes. We assessed hospital inpatients with intent to offer free antibiotic allergy labeling (AAL) assessment within a randomized controlled trial. Objective: We sought to determine the feasibility of establishing an adult antibiotic allergy delabeling service in a Western Australian tertiary public hospital. Methods: Inpatients (N = 1503) with AAL were identified through medical records and screened for eligibility to participate in a randomized controlled trial. Those recruited were randomized to undergo assessment by skin testing ± oral challenge, or direct oral challenge. A control group received usual care. Results: Of the 1503 inpatients with an AAL, 429 (28.5%) were eligible for AAL assessment. The primary excluding factor (1074 [71.5%]) was contraindicated medication use (387 [36.0%]), followed by cognitive impairment (298 [27.9%]). Thirty-nine patients were randomized, of which 20 received allergy testing and 19 usual care;all patients were followed up for 5 years. Older patients were less likely to be eligible (10-year increase: odds ratio, 0.82;95% CI, 0.77-0.88;P < .0001), whereas surgical patients were more likely to be eligible than medical patients (odds ratio, 2.49;95% CI, 1.97-3.16;P < .0001). Conclusions: Antibiotic allergy delabeling in the acute care context is not straightforward. Competing clinical concerns and patient acceptance are some barriers to an inpatient service. Nor is it apparent that inpatient versus outpatient testing is cost saving although select patient groups may benefit. Testing younger people and those with predicted high antibiotic usage will derive maximal individual and health system benefits. © 2024 The Authors

关键词： adult inpatients Antibiotic allergy delabeling drug allergy

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Quality of internal representation shapes learning performance in feedback neural networks

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Physical Review Research 2021年第1期3卷 013176-013176页

作者： Lee Susman Francesca Mastrogiuseppe Naama Brenner Omri Barak Interdisciplinary Program in Applied Mathematics Technion Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 32000 Israel Network Biology Research Laboratories Technion Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 32000 Israel Gatsby Computational Neuroscience Unit University College London London W1T 4JG United Kingdom Department of Chemical Engineering Technion Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 32000 Israel Rappaport Faculty of Medicine Technion Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 32000 Israel

A fundamental feature of complex biological systems is the ability to form feedback interactions with their environment. A prominent model for studying such interactions is reservoir computing, where learning acts on low-dimensional bottlenecks. Despite the simplicity of this learning scheme, the factors contributing to or hindering the success of training in reservoir networks are in general not well understood. In this work, we study nonlinear feedback networks trained to generate a sinusoidal signal, and analyze how learning performance is shaped by the interplay between internal network dynamics and target properties. By performing exact mathematical analysis of linearized networks, we predict that learning performance is maximized when the target is characterized by an optimal, intermediate frequency which monotonically decreases with the strength of the internal reservoir connectivity. At the optimal frequency, the reservoir representation of the target signal is high-dimensional, desynchronized, and thus maximally robust to noise. We show that our predictions successfully capture the qualitative behavior of performance in nonlinear networks. Moreover, we find that the relationship between internal representations and performance can be further exploited in trained nonlinear networks to explain behaviors which do not have a linear counterpart. Our results indicate that a major determinant of learning success is the quality of the internal representation of the target, which in turn is shaped by an interplay between parameters controlling the internal network and those defining the task.

关键词： Learning theory Artificial neural networks Dynamical systems Neuronal network models

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Acute Respiratory Failure From Early Pandemic COVID-19: Noninvasive Respiratory Support vs Mechanical Ventilation

CHEST Critical Care

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CHEST Critical Care 2024年第1期2卷 100030-100030页

作者： Fisher, Julia M. Subbian, Vignesh Essay, Patrick Pungitore, Sarah Bedrick, Edward J. Mosier, Jarrod M. Statistics Consulting Laboratory The University of Arizona College of Medicine Tucson AZ United States Department of Systems and Industrial Engineering The University of Arizona College of Medicine Tucson AZ United States Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Engineering The University of Arizona College of Medicine Tucson AZ United States BI05 Institute The University of Arizona College of Medicine Tucson AZ United States Program in Applied Mathematics The University of Arizona College of Medicine Tucson AZ United States The University of Arizona the Department of Emergency Medicine The University of Arizona College of Medicine Tucson AZ United States Division of Pulmonary Allergy Critical Care and Sleep Department of Medicine The University of Arizona College of Medicine Tucson AZ United States

Background: The optimal strategy for initial respiratory support in patients with respiratory failure associated with COVID-19 is unclear, and the initial strategy may affect outcomes. Research Question: Which initial respiratory support strategy is associated with improved outcomes in patients with COVID-19 with acute respiratory failure? Study Design and Methods: All patients with COVID-19 requiring respiratory support and admitted to a large health care network were eligible for inclusion. We compared patients treated initially with noninvasive respiratory support (NIRS;noninvasive positive pressure ventilation by facemask or high-flow nasal oxygen) with patients treated initially with invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). The primary outcome was time to in-hospital death analyzed using an inverse probability of treatment weighted Cox model adjusted for potential confounders. Secondary outcomes included unweighted and weighted assessments of mortality, lengths of stay (ICU and hospital), and time to intubation. Results: Nearly one-half of the 2,354 patients (47%) who met inclusion criteria received IMV first, and 53% received initial NIRS. Overall, in-hospital mortality was 38% (37% for IMV and 39% for NIRS). Initial NIRS was associated with an increased hazard of death compared with initial IMV (hazard ratio, 1.42;95% CI, 1.03-1.94), but also an increased hazard of leaving the hospital sooner that waned with time (noninvasive support by time interaction: hazard ratio, 0.97;95% CI, 0.95-0.98). Interpretation: Patients with COVID-19 with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure initially treated with NIRS showed an increased hazard of in-hospital death. © 2023 The Authors

关键词： COVID-19 high-flow nasal oxygen mechanical ventilation noninvasive respiratory support respiratory failure

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