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arXiv 2023年

作者： Sharma, Aniket Medeiros, Lia Chan, Chi-Kwan Halevi, Goni Mullen, Patrick D. Stone, James M. Wong, George N. Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali Sector 81 SAS Nagar PO Manauli Punjab Mohali140306 India School of Natural Sciences Institute for Advanced Study 1 Einstein Drive PrincetonNJ08540 United States Steward Observatory Department of Astronomy University of Arizona 933 N. Cherry Ave. TucsonAZ85721 United States Data Science Institute University of Arizona 1230 N. Cherry Ave. TucsonAZ85721 United States Program in Applied Mathematics University of Arizona 617 N. Santa Rita TucsonAZ85721 United States Department of Astrophysical Sciences Princeton University 4 Ivy Lane PrincetonNJ08544 United States CCS-2 Los Alamos National Laboratory Los AlamosNM United States Center for Theoretical Astrophysics Los Alamos National Laboratory Los AlamosNM United States Princeton Gravity Initiative Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States

We introduce Mahakala, a Python-based, modular, radiative ray-tracing code for curved space-times. We employ Google’s JAX framework for accelerated automatic differentiation, which can efficiently compute Christoffel symbols directly from the metric, allowing the user to easily and quickly simulate photon trajectories through non-Kerr metrics. JAX also enables Mahakala to run in parallel on both CPUs and GPUs and achieve speeds comparable to C-based codes. Mahakala natively uses the Cartesian Kerr-Schild coordinate system, which avoids numerical issues caused by the "pole" of spherical coordinates. We demonstrate Mahakala’s capabilities by simulating the 1.3 mm wavelength images (the wavelength of Event Horizon Telescope observations) of general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations of low-accretion rate supermassive black holes. The modular nature of Mahakala allows us to easily quantify the relative contribution of different regions of the flow to image features. We show that most of the emission seen in 1.3 mm images originates close to the black hole. We also quantify the relative contribution of the disk, forward jet, and counter jet to 1.3 mm images. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Python

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Gamma-ray Bursts as Distance Indicators by a Statistical Learning Approach

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Dainotti, Maria Giovanna Narendra, Aditya Pollo, Agnieszka Petrosian, Vahé Bogdan, Malgorzata Iwasaki, Kazunari Prochaska, Jason Xavier Rinaldi, Enrico Zhou, David National Astronomical Observatory of Japan Mitaka Tokyo181-8588 Japan The Graduate University for Advanced Studies SOKENDAI Kanagawa240-0193 Japan Space Science Institute BoulderCO80301 United States Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences Jagiellonian University Krakow Poland Astronomical Observatory of Jagiellonian University Krakow Poland Warsaw Poland Department of Physics Stanford University 382 Via Pueblo Mall StanfordCA94305-4060 United States Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology Stanford University United States Department of Applied Physics Stanford University United States Department of Mathematics University of Wroclaw 50-384 Poland Department of Statistics Lund University LundSE-221 00 Sweden Center for Computational Astrophysics National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 2 Chome-21-1 Osawa Mitaka Tokyo181-8588 Japan University of California Santa Cruz 1156 High Street Santa CruzCA95064 United States Program RIKEN Saitama Wakoshi 351-0198 Japan Arizona State University 1151 S Forest Ave TempeAZ85281 United States

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) can be probes of the early universe, but currently, only 26% of GRBs observed by the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory GRBs have known redshifts (z) due to observational limitations. To address this, we estimated the GRB redshift (distance) via a supervised statistical learning model that uses optical afterglow observed by Swift and ground-based telescopes. The inferred redshifts are strongly correlated (a Pearson coefficient of 0.93) with the observed redshifts, thus proving the reliability of this method. The inferred and observed redshifts allow us to estimate the number of GRBs occurring at a given redshift (GRB rate) to be 8.47-9yr−1Gpc−1 for 1.9 © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Stars

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An inter-laboratory study of DNA-based identity,parentage and species testing in animal forensic genetics

引用

Forensic Sciences Research 2022年第4期7卷 708-713页

作者： Sreetharan Kanthaswamy Torsten Brendel Luis Cancela Denise A.Andrade de Oliveira Bertram Brenig Carmen Cons Julian A.Crespi Markéta Dajbychová Andreas Feldl Tomohito Itoh Vincenzo Landi Amparo Martinez Malgorzata Natonek-Wisniewska Robert F.Oldt Anna Radko Oscar Ramírez Clementina Rodellar Manuel Ruiz-Girón David Schikorski María Elena Turba Guillermo Giovambatista School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Arizona State University(ASU)at the West CampusGlendaleAZUSA California National Primate Research Center University of CaliforniaDavisCAUSA Evolutionary Biology Graduate Program School of Life SciencesArizona State UniversityTempeAZUSA Eurofins Genomics Europe Applied Genomics GmbH EbersbergGermany IDENTITAS MontevideoUruguay Laboratório de Genética Escola de Veterinária da UFMGBelo HorizonteBrazil Institute of Veterinary Medicine University of GoettingenGoettingenGermany Facultad de Veterinaria Laboratorio de Genética Bioquímica(LAGENBIO)Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2(Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA)ZaragozaSpain Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias UNLP IGEVET-Instituto de Genética Veterinaria(UNLP-CONICET LAPLATA)La PlataArgentina Genomia s.r.o. PlzeňCzech Republic Maebashi Institute of Animal Science Livestock Improvement Association of Japan(LIAJ)MaebashiJapan Department of Veterinary Medicine Animal Breeding and GeneticsUniversity of Bari“Aldo Moro”ValenzanoItaly Department of Genetics Faculty of Veterinary SciencesUniversity of CórdobaCórdobaSpain Department of Animal Molecular Biology National Research Institute of Animal ProductionBalicePoland Vetgenomics SL BarcelonaSpain Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Genómica Hispalis Biolab S.L.U.SevilleSpain Laboratoire LABOFARM-GENINDEXE LOUDEACCedexFrance Genefast SRL ForlìItaly

The probative value of animal forensic genetic evidence relies on laboratory accuracy and ***-laboratory comparisons allow laboratories to evaluate their performance on specific tests and analyses and to continue to monitor their *** International Society for Animal Genetics(ISAG)administered animal forensic comparison tests(AFCTs)in 2016 and 2018 to assess the limitations and capabilities of laboratories offering forensic identification,parentage and species determination *** AFCTs revealed that analyses of low DNA template concentrations(≤300 pg/μL)constitute a significant challenge that has prevented many laboratories from reporting correct identification and parentage ***,a lack of familiarity with species testing protocols,interpretation guidelines and representative databases prevented over a quarter of the participating laboratories from submitting correct species determination *** laboratories showed improvement in their genotyping accuracy over ***,the use of forensically validated standards,such as a standard forensic short tandem repeat(STR)kit,preferably with an allelic ladder,and stricter guidelines for STR typing,may have prevented some common issues from occurring,such as genotyping inaccuracies,missing data,elevated stutter products and loading *** AFCTs underscore the importance of conducting routine forensic comparison tests to allow laboratories to compare results from each *** should keep improving their scientific and technical capabilities and continuously evaluate their personnel’s proficiency in critical techniques such as low copy number(LCN)analysis and species *** this is the first time that the ISAG has conducted comparison tests for forensic testing,findings from these AFCTs may serve as the foundation for continuous improvements of the overall quality of animal forensic genetic testing.

关键词： Forensic sciences forensic genetics comparison test forensic DNA analysis individual identification parentage test species test

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Generating function for projected entangled-pair states

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2023年

作者： Tu, Wei-Lin Vanderstraeten, Laurens Schuch, Norbert Lee, Hyun-Yong Kawashima, Naoki Chen, Ji-Yao Faculty of Science and Technology Keio University 3-14-1 Hiyoshi Kohoku-ku Yokohama223-8522 Japan Center for Nonlinear Phenomena and Complex Systems Université Libre de Bruxelles Belgium University of Vienna Faculty of Physics Boltzmanngasse 5 Wien1090 Austria University of Vienna Faculty of Mathematics Oskar-Morgenstern-Platz 1 Wien1090 Austria Division of Display and Semiconductor Physics Korea University Sejong30019 Korea Republic of Department of Applied Physics Graduate School Korea University Sejong30019 Korea Republic of Interdisciplinary Program in E·ICT-Culture-Sports Convergence Korea University Sejong30019 Korea Republic of Institute for Solid State Physics The University of Tokyo Chiba Kashiwa277-8581 Japan Trans-scale Quantum Science Institute The University of Tokyo Bunkyo Tokyo113-0033 Japan Center for Neutron Science and Technology Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Physics and Devices School of Physics Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou510275 China

Diagrammatic summation is a common bottleneck in modern applications of projected entangled-pair states, especially in computing low-energy excitations of a two-dimensional quantum many-body system. To solve this problem, here we extend the generating function approach for tensor network diagrammatic summation, a scheme previously proposed in the context of matrix product states. Taking the form of a one-particle excitation, we show that the excited state can be computed efficiently in the generating function formalism, which can further be used in evaluating the dynamical structure factor of the system. Our benchmark results for the spin-1/2 transverse-field Ising model and Heisenberg model on the square lattice provide a desirable accuracy, showing good agreement with known results. We then study the spin-1/2 J1-J2 model on the same lattice and investigate the dynamical properties of the putative gapless spin liquid phase. We conclude with a discussion on generalizations to multi-particle excitations. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Excited states

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Corrigendum to "Snapshot of a social movement: Mental health and protest classes in Hong Kong" [J. Affect. Disord. 295 (2021) 883-892]

引用

Journal of affective disorders 2023年 326卷 267页

作者： Adrienne W Y Li W H Chak Kenneth S L Yuen Toronto Rehabilitation Institute University Health Network Canada York University Toronto Canada. Electronic address: adrienne.li3@uhn.ca. Department of Applied Mathematics University of California Davis USA. Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR) Mainz Germany Neuroimaging Center (NIC) Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center Mainz Germany. Electronic address: k.yuen@uni-mainz.de.

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The effect of organic acid hydrolysis on the properties of nanocellulose from edamame husk (Glycine max (L.) merill)

Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering

引用

Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering 2025年 11卷

作者： Wahyudi, Muhammad Sapto Holilah Bahruji, Hasliza Prasetyoko, Didik Asranudin Pratama, Agus Wedi Indriani, Dina Wahyu Suryanegara, Lisman Faradilla, RH Fitri Mahardika, Melbi Wardani, Ratih Kusuma Piluharto, Bambang Knight, Victor Feizal Norrrahim, Mohd Nor Faiz Research Center for Biomass and Bioproducts National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia (BRIN) Cibinong Indonesia Research Collaboration Center for Nanocellulose BRIN-Andalas University Padang Indonesia Study Program of Chemistry Faculty of Science and Technology UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta Indonesia Centre of Advanced Material and Energy Sciences Universiti Brunei Darussalam Jl. Tungku Link BE 1410 Brunei Darussalam Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science and Data Analytics Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya Indonesia Research Center for Applied Microbiology National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) Cibinong Indonesia Department of Biosystem Engineering Faculty of Agricultural Technology Universitas Brawijaya Jalan Veteran Malang Indonesia Department of Food Science and Technology Faculty of Agriculture Universitas Halu Oleo Kendari Indonesia Academy Pharmacy of Surabaya Ketintang Gayungan Surabaya 60231 Indonesia Department of Chemistry Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences University of Jember Jember Indonesia Research Center for Chemical Defence Defence Research Institute Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia Kem Sungai Besi Kuala Lumpur 57000 Malaysia

The increasing demand for sustainable materials has highlighted nanocellulose as a promising candidate due to its exceptional mechanical strength, thermal stability, and superior barrier properties. These attributes enable its application in diverse fields, including packaging, biomedical devices, and nanocomposites. This study investigates the valorization of edamame bean husks, a byproduct of the globally consumed legume snack, as a sustainable feedstock for nanocellulose production. Cellulose was extracted from the husks via delignification and bleaching, followed by a green and facile acid hydrolysis method employing organic acids (maleic acid, lactic acid, citric acid, and formic acid) to produce nanocellulose. The resulting nanocellulose exhibited a fibrillar morphology with particle sizes ranging from 7.59 to 17.51 nm, depending on the acid used. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed a crystallinity index ranging from 63.49 % to 67.24 %. Notably, acid hydrolysis significantly enhanced the thermal stability of the nanocellulose compared to both the raw husk and isolated cellulose. These findings demonstrate the potential of edamame agricultural waste as a valuable resource for sustainable and eco-friendly nanocellulose production, contributing to a circular bioeconomy. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Characterization Edamame husk waste Green synthesis Nanocellulose Organic acids

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Evaluation of Beam Matching in Commissioning a Halcyon Accelerator

SSRN

引用

SSRN 2023年

作者： Tai, Duong Thanh Tuan, Hoang Duc Hai, Nguyen Xuan Anh, Nguyen Ngoc Sulieman, Abdelmoneim Bradley, David Andrew Sandwall, Peter Chow, James Department of Medical Physics Faculty of Medicine Nguyen Tat Thanh University 298-300A Nguyen Tat Thanh Street Ward 13 District 4 Ho Chi Minh City Viet Nam Department of Radiation Oncology University Medical Shing Mark Hospital Dong Nai810000 Viet Nam Dalat Nuclear Research Institute Dalat City Viet Nam Faculty of Fundamental Science PHENIKAA University Yen Nghia Ha Dong Hanoi12116 Viet Nam A&A Green Phoenix Group JSC No.167 Hoang Ngan Trung Hoa Cau Giay Hanoi11313 Viet Nam Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging Sciences College of Applied Medical Sciences Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University P.O. Box 422 Alkharj11942 Saudi Arabia Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies Sunway University PJ 46150 Malaysia School of Mathematics and Physics University of Surrey GuildfordGU2 7XH United Kingdom Department of Radiation Oncology OhioHealth Mansfield OH United States Radiation Medicine Program Princess Margaret Cancer Centre University Health Network TorontoONM5G 1X6 Canada Department of Radiation Oncology University of Toronto TorontoONM5T 1P5 Canada

Purpose: This study aims to serve as a methods paper demonstrating the evaluation and validation of manufacturer reference data, commonly referred to as "Golden Beam Data" (GBD). This data has been used during the commissioning of a Halcyon linear accelerator Analyses of gamma index and relative dose difference were performed in the *** and Methods: For the Halcyon accelerator, dosimetric data were acquired including percentage depth doses, dose profiles and output factors, use being made of a 3D-scanning water tank and various ionization chambers. The GBD was exported from the treatment planning system and compared with measurements. Gamma index and relative dose difference analyses were performed to assess agreement between GBD and ***: For field sizes greater than 4×4 cm2, percentage depth doses and beam profiles, the gamma index between GBD and measurements was less than 1%/1 mm. The gamma indices were found to be slightly greater for the field sizes 2×2 cm2 and 4×4 cm2, remaining within 2%/2 mm, satisfying the AAPM Medical Physics Practice Guideline 5 for commissioning and QA of MV photon beams. Between GBD and measurements, output factor deviations were not significant, remaining within 1%.Conclusion: The GBD data was validated in the commissioning of a Halcyon linear accelerator, analyses being made of gamma index and relative dose difference. The gamma index analysis is shown to be an effective method for comprehensively evaluating deviations between the GBD and measurements in the beam matching process. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Photons

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Setting the physical scale of dimensional reduction in causal dynamical triangulations

引用

Physical Review D 2019年第2期100卷 026014-026014页

作者： Joshua H. Cooperman Manuchehr Dorghabekov Department of Physics and Astronomy Bucknell University Lewisburg Pennsylvania 17837 USA Physics Program Bard College Annandale-on-Hudson New York 12504 USA* Applied Mathematics and Informatics Program American University of Central Asia Bishkek Kyrgyz Republic*

Within the causal dynamical triangulations approach to the quantization of gravity, striking evidence has emerged for the dynamical reduction of spacetime dimension on sufficiently small scales. Specifically, the spectral dimension decreases from the topological value of 4 toward a value near 2 as the scale being probed decreases. The physical scales over which this dimensional reduction occurs have not previously been ascertained. We present and implement a method to determine these scales in units of either the Planck length or the quantum spacetime geometry’s effective de Sitter length. We find that dynamical reduction of the spectral dimension occurs over physical scales of the order of 10 Planck lengths, which, for the numerical simulation considered below, corresponds to the order of 10−1 de Sitter lengths.

关键词： Quantum gravity

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Author Correction: Environmentally dependent interactions shape patterns in gene content across natural microbiomes

引用

Nature microbiology 2025年第2期10卷 599页

作者： Kyle Crocker Kiseok Keith Lee Milena Chakraverti-Wuerthwein Zeqian Li Mikhail Tikhonov Madhav Mani Karna Gowda Seppe Kuehn Department of Ecology and Evolution The University of Chicago Chicago IL USA. Center for the Physics of Evolving Systems The University of Chicago Chicago IL USA. Center for Living Systems The University of Chicago Chicago IL USA. Biophysical Sciences Graduate Program The University of Chicago Chicago IL USA. Department of Physics The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL USA. Department of Physics Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis MO USA. Department of Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics Northwestern University Evanston IL USA. Department of Molecular Biosciences Northwestern University Evanston IL USA. NSF-Simons Center for Quantitative Biology Northwestern University Evanston IL USA. National Institute for Theory and Mathematics in Biology Northwestern University and The University of Chicago Chicago IL USA. Department of Microbiology The Ohio State University Columbus OH USA. karna.gowda@***. Biophysics Graduate Program The Ohio State University Columbus OH USA. karna.gowda@***. Department of Ecology and Evolution The University of Chicago Chicago IL USA. seppe.kuehn@***. Center for the Physics of Evolving Systems The University of Chicago Chicago IL USA. seppe.kuehn@***. Center for Living Systems The University of Chicago Chicago IL USA. seppe.kuehn@***. National Institute for Theory and Mathematics in Biology Northwestern University and The University of Chicago Chicago IL USA. seppe.kuehn@***.

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Brightness asymmetry of black hole images as a probe of observer inclination

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2021年

作者： Medeiros, Lia Chan, Chi-Kwan Narayan, Ramesh Özel, Feryal Psaltis, Dimitrios School of Natural Sciences Institute for Advanced Study 1 Einstein Drive PrincetonNJ08540 United States Steward Observatory and Department of Astronomy University of Arizona 933 N. Cherry Ave. TucsonAZ85721 United States Data Science Institute University of Arizona 1230 N. Cherry Ave. TucsonAZ85721 United States Program in Applied Mathematics University of Arizona 617 N. Santa Rita TucsonAZ85721 United States Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian 60 Garden Street CambridgeMA02138 United States

The Event Horizon Telescope recently captured images of the supermassive black hole in the center of the M87 galaxy, which show a ring-like emission structure with the South side only slightly brighter than the North side. This relatively weak asymmetry in the brightness profile along the ring has been interpreted as a consequence of the low inclination of the observer (around 17◦ for M87), which suppresses the Doppler beaming and boosting effects that might otherwise be expected due to the nearly relativistic velocities of the orbiting plasma. In this work, we use a large suite of general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations to reassess the validity of this argument. By constructing explicit counter examples, we show that low-inclination is a sufficient but not necessary condition for images to have low brightness asymmetry. Accretion flow models with high accumulated magnetic flux close to the black hole horizon (the so-called magnetically arrested disks) and low black-hole spins have angular velocities that are substantially smaller than the orbital velocities of test particles at the same location. As a result, such models can produce images with low brightness asymmetry even when viewed edge on. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Luminance

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