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Enhancing Children's Creative Thinking Through Prompts for Controlled Mental Manipulation

International Journal of Early Childhood 2025年 1-25页

作者： Hod-Shemer, Orit Elgavi-Hershler, Orit Ben-Yehudah, Gal Early Childhood Education Kaye Academic College of Education Beer Sheva Israel Program for Educational Neuroscience Achva Academic College Arugot Israel School of Physical Education Levinsky-Wingate Academic Center Tel Aviv Israel

Creative thinking in early childhood is a critical foundation for cognitive development and future success, yet a significant research gap remains in understanding the strategies that can effectively nurture this cognitive ability. Drawing from neuroscientific findings on the interplay of large-scale brain networks during creative thinking, this study assessed the impact of adult mediation in the form of prompting controlled processing of mental manipulation on preschool children's creative thinking. Seventy-two children, ranging from 4 to 6 years old, were randomly divided into experimental (35) and control (37) groups. The experimental procedure consisted of three stages, in which participants performed an Alternative Uses Task (AUT). In the baseline stage both groups performed the AUT without guidance;in the experimental stage only the experimental group received guidance on using controlled-processing to generate additional ideas;and in the final stage both groups were tested form short-term sustained effects. The study revealed three main findings. First, prompting children to use controlled processing mental manipulation on the objects led to improvements in children’s creative thinking skills (fluency and flexibility). Second, this brief manipulation showed short-term sustained effects for fluency and flexibility without prompting. Third, during the AUT, children naturally employed various other strategies, such as spontaneous use of mental manipulation, episodic memory, and environmental cues, all contributed to their creative thinking. Although children naturally use strategies that enable creative thinking, further mediation that targets controlled processing of mental manipulation boosts children’s creative abilities. This study demonstrates the potential to significantly enhance children’s creativity over a short period of time through simple interventions. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2025.

关键词： AUT—Alternative Uses Task Creativity Divergent thinking Preschool children

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“Tapping” into neural inhibition in focal hand dystonia: An evaluation of a finger-tapping task using transcranial magnetic stimulation and functional brain imaging

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Brain Stimulation 2025年第1期18卷 453-454页

作者： Huynh, Baothy Wang, Yuchao Chen, Mo Kuo, Yi-Ling Kimberley, Teresa J. MGH Institute of Health Professions Department of Rehabilitation Sciences USA Duke University Center for Cognitive Neuroscience USA Gillette Children's Speciality Healthcare Neuroscience Research Program USA University of Minnesota Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences USA SUNY Upstate Medical University USA MGH Institute of Health Professions Department of Physical Therapy USA

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Effects of Virtual Teaching on Swedish Teachers’ Voices During the COVID-19 Pandemic

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Journal of Voice 2025年第3期39卷 843.e9-843.e21页

作者： Evitts, Paul M. Allebeck, Maria Åberg, Olivia Esmerelda Communication Sciences and Disorders Program The Pennsylvania State University-Harrisburg Middletown Pennsylvania United States Department of Neuroscience Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden

Purpose: Since the beginning of 2020, teachers all over the world have had to switch over to virtual teaching because of the COVID-19 pandemic. This change of teaching mode has unknown consequences on the vocal health of teachers who already experience voice disorders at a rate nearly double that of the general population. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate teachers’ self-reported voice problems during virtual teaching compared to face-to-face teaching and how they are associated to perceived risk factors in the work environment. Method: Participants included 141 teachers (49 males, 92 females) in high schools and higher education in Sweden who responded to an internet-based survey. Information was collected about participants’ self-reported voice handicap using a translated version of the Voice Handicap Index-10 (VHI-10). Information about self-reported VTD (Vocal Tract Discomfort) symptoms and dysphonia was collected in regard to both modes of teaching (virtual vs face-to- face). The survey also included questions on risk factors related to vocal health. Results: Self-reported voice handicap and VTD symptoms were slightly lower during periods of virtual teaching compared to periods of face-to-face teaching. There was a lower frequency of dysphonia symptoms during virtual teaching compared to face-to- face teaching, however the difference was not statistically significant. In addition, 34% of teachers reported experiencing more voice problems when teaching face-to-face while 15% reported more voice problems when teaching virtually. The most reported VTD symptoms during both virtual and face-to-face teaching were having a dry and a tight throat. The dysphonia symptoms with the highest reported frequency were a tense voice and hoarseness in both modes of teaching. Risk factors associated with higher prevalence of voice symptoms and/or higher levels of voice handicap during virtual teaching were air quality and straining the voice while teaching fa

关键词： COVID-19—Distance learning—Dysphonia—Phonotrauma—Teachers—Voice—Work environment

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Diffuse traumatic brain injury induced stimulator of interferons (STING) signaling in microglia drives cortical neuroinflammation, neuronal dysfunction, and impaired cognition

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Journal of Neuroinflammation 2025年第1期22卷 1-25页

作者： Packer, Jonathan M. Giammo, Samantha G. Wangler, Lynde M. Davis, Amara C. Bray, Chelsea E. Godbout, Jonathan P. Department of Neuroscience The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center 333 W 10Th Ave Columbus OH United States Chronic Brain Injury Program The Ohio State University 175 Pomerene Hall Columbus OH United States 231 IBMR Building The Ohio State University 460 Medical Center Dr. Columbus 43210 OH United States

Neuropsychiatric complications including depression and cognitive impairment develop, persist, and worsen in the years after traumatic brain injury (TBI), negatively affecting life and lifespan. Inflammatory responses mediated by microglia are associated with the transition from acute to chronic neuroinflammation after TBI. Moreover, type I interferon (IFN-I) signaling is a key mediator of inflammation during this transition. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the degree to which a microglia-specific knockout of the stimulator of interferons (STING) influenced TBI-induced neuroinflammation, neuronal dysfunction, and cognitive impairment. Here, microglial inducible STING knockout (CX₃CR1Cre/ERT2 x STING^fl/fl) mice were created and validated (mSTING^−/−). Diffuse brain injury (midline fluid percussion) in male and female mice increased STING expression in microglia, promoted microglial morphological restructuring, and induced robust cortical inflammation and pathology 7 days post injury (dpi). These TBI-associated responses were attenuated in mSTING^−/− mice. Increased cortical astrogliosis and rod-shaped microglia induced by TBI were independent of mSTING^−/−. 7 dpi, TBI induced 237 differentially expressed genes (DEG) in the cortex of functionally wildtype (STING^fl/fl) associated with STING, NF-κB, and Interferon Alpha signaling and 85% were attenuated by mSTING^−/−. Components of neuronal injury including reduced NeuN expression, increased cortical lipofuscin, and increased neurofilament light chain in plasma were increased by TBI and dependent on mSTING. TBI-associated cognitive tasks (novel object recognition/location, NOR/NOL) at 7 dpi were dependent on mSTING. Notably, the TBI-induced cognitive deficits in NOR/NOL and increased cortical inflammation 7 dpi were unaffected in global interferon-α/β receptor 1 knockout (IFNAR1) mice. In the final study, the RNA profile of neurons after TBI

关键词： And Type I Interferons Cognitive Dysfunction Inflammation Microglia Stimulator of Interferon Genes TBI

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Terra Incognita — Contributions of the Olivo-Cerebellar System to Autism Spectrum Disorder

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Cerebellum 2025年第4期24卷 1-7页

作者： Shibu, Pranav Ra, Daniel Robins, Jemima Elise Joseph, Samuel Anteraper, Sheeba Department of Biology Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD United States Program in Neuroscience Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD United States Department of Biological Sciences Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy NY United States Austin Preparatory School Reading MA United States Advanced Imaging Research Center University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas TX United States

The inferior olivary nuclei (ION), a key component of the olivo-cerebellar system, remain understudied in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) research despite evident cerebellar involvement. This perspective piece aims to elucidate the critical role of the ION in cerebellar microcircuitry and its potential implications in ASD pathophysiology. We review the olivo- cerebellar system and the structural and functional alterations of the ION in autism, highlighting findings from neuroanatomical, neuroimaging, and behavioral studies. ION disruptions, although underexplored, may have a major role in the symptomatology of ASD, particularly higher-order cognitive abilities, rapid stimuli processing, and motor coordination. Specifically, we highlight how anomalies in olivary neuron morphology and olivo-cerebellar connectivity patterns may underlie deficits in temporal processing and motor learning observed in ASD. Furthermore, we discuss the challenges in brainstem imaging and recent advancements in ultra-high field (UHF) 7 T MRI technology, as standard neuroimaging techniques. As these neuroimaging techniques continue to evolve, further investigation of the functional territories of the ION holds promise for providing essential understandings into ASD processes and may lead to pioneering therapeutic options targeting this crucial brainstem area. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Autism spectrum disorder Cerebellum Functional connectivity Inferior olive Olivo-cerebellar system

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Modeling Neural Activity with Conditionally Linear Dynamical Systems

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Geadah, Victor Nejatbakhsh, Amin Lipshutz, David Pillow, Jonathan W. Williams, Alex H. Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics Princeton University PrincetonNJ United States Center for Computational Neuroscience Flatiron Institute New York CityNY United States Department of Neuroscience Baylor College of Medicine HoustonTX United States Princeton Neuroscience Institute PrincetonNJ United States Center for Neural Science New York University New York CityNY United States

Neural population activity exhibits complex, nonlinear dynamics, varying in time, over trials, and across experimental conditions. Here, we develop Conditionally Linear Dynamical System (CLDS) models as a general-purpose method to characterize these dynamics. These models use Gaussian Process (GP) priors to capture the nonlinear dependence of circuit dynamics on task and behavioral variables. Conditioned on these covariates, the data is modeled with linear dynamics. This allows for transparent interpretation and tractable Bayesian inference. We find that CLDS models can perform well even in severely data-limited regimes (e.g. one trial per condition) due to their Bayesian formulation and ability to share statistical power across nearby task conditions. In example applications, we apply CLDS to model thalamic neurons that nonlinearly encode heading direction and to model motor cortical neurons during a cued reaching task. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Neurons

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Utilizing Single-cell and Spatial RNA-seq databasE for Alzheimer’s Disease(ssREAD)in hypothesis-driven queries

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Neural Regeneration Research 2026年第2期21卷 677-678页

作者： Diana Acosta Cankun Wang Qin Ma Hongjun Fu Department of Neuroscience The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA Department of Biomedical Informatics The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA Chronic Brain Injury Program The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA

Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is the most common form of *** addition to the lack of effective treatments,there are limitations in diagnostic *** complexity of AD itself,together with a variety of other diseases often observed in a patient’s history in addition to their AD diagnosis,make deciphering the molecular mechanisms that underlie AD,even more *** datasets of single-cell RNA sequencing,single-nucleus RNA-sequencing(snRNA-seq),and spatial transcriptomics(ST)have become essential in guiding and supporting new investigations into the cellular and regional susceptibility of ***,with unique technology,software,and larger databases emerging;a lack of integration of these data can contribute to ineffective use of valuable ***,there was no specialized database that concentrates on ST in AD that offers comprehensive differential analyses under various conditions,such as sex-specific,region-specific,and comparisons between AD and control groups until the new Single-cell and Spatial RNA-seq databasE for Alzheimer’s Disease(ssREAD)database(Wang et al.,2024)was introduced to meet the scientific community’s growing demand for comprehensive,integrated,and accessible data analysis.

关键词： sex specific alzheimer s disease ad deciphering molecular mechanisms spatial transcriptomics ssread spatial transcriptomics st Alzheimers disease single cell RNA seq

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Amyloid-beta pathology-induced nanoscale synaptic disruption:the case of the GABA_B-GIRK assembly

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1409-1410页

作者： Rafael Lujan Alejandro Martín-Belmonte Sergi Ferré Francisco Ciruela Synaptic Structure Laboratory Instituto de Biomedicina de la UCLM(IB-UCLM)Departamento de Ciencias MédicasInstituto de Investigación en Salud de Castilla-La Mancha(IDISCAM)Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad Castilla-La ManchaCampus BiosanitarioC/AlmansaAlbaceteSpain Integrative Neurobiology Section National Institute on Drug AbuseIntramural Research ProgramNational Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMDUSA Pharmacology Unit Department of Pathology and Experimental TherapeuticsSchool of Medicine and Health SciencesInstitute of NeurosciencesUniversity of BarcelonaNeuropharmacology&Pain GroupNeuroscience ProgramBellvitge Institute for Biomedical ResearchL’Hospitalet de LlobregatSpain

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by an imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory brain networks,leading to aberrant homeostatic synaptic *** has progressively been recognized as syna ptopathy and syna ptic dysfunction has been identified as a key component of its pathogenesis (Schirinzi et al.,2020).Syna ptic dysfunction is believed to precede synapse loss,a primary biological correlate of cognitive decline in AD,inevita bly associated with neuronal death.

关键词： Alzheimer pathology

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WhACC: Whisker Automatic Contact Classifier with Expert Human-Level Performance

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Maire, Phillip King, Samson G. Cheung, Jonathan Andrew Walker, Stefanie Hires, Samuel Andrew Department of Biological Sciences Section of Neurobiology University of Southern California Los AngelesCA United States Neuroscience Graduate Program University of Southern California Los AngelesCA United States

The rodent vibrissal system is pivotal in advancing neuroscience research, particularly for studies of cortical plasticity, learning, decision-making, sensory encoding, and sensorimotor integration. Despite the advantages, curating touch events is labor intensive and often requires >3 hours per million video frames, even after leveraging automated tools like the Janelia Whisker Tracker. We address this limitation by introducing Whisker Automatic Contact Classifier (WhACC), a python package designed to identify touch periods from high-speed videos of head-fixed behaving rodents with human-level performance. WhACC leverages ResNet50V2 for feature extraction, combined with LightGBM for Classification. Performance is assessed against three expert human curators on over one million frames. Pairwise touch classification agreement on 99.5% of video frames, equal to between-human agreement. Finally, we offer a custom retraining interface to allow model customization on a small subset of data, which was validated on four million frames across 16 single-unit electrophysiology recordings. Including this retraining step, we reduce human hours required to curate a 100 million frame dataset from ∼333 hours to ∼6 hours. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Signal encoding

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Convergent effects of peptides on the initiation of feeding motor programs in the mollusk Aplysia

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Journal of Neurophysiology 2025年第5期133卷 1368-1379页

作者： Evans, Colin G. Barry, Michael A. Reaver, Carrie N. Patel, Paras R. Chestek, Cynthia A. Perkins, Matthew H. Jing, Jian Cropper, Elizabeth C. Department of Neuroscience Friedman Brain Institute Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY United States Department of Biomedical Engineering Biointerfaces Institute University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Neurosciences Program Robotics Program University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI United States State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Institute for Brain Sciences Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology Advanced Institute for Life Sciences School of Life Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing China

Neuropeptides configure the feeding network of Aplysia. For example, egestive activity is promoted by small cardioactive peptide (SCP), and ingestive activity is promoted by a combination of feeding circuit activating peptide (FCAP) and cerebral peptide 2 (CP-2). In addition, SCP and FCAP/CP-2 have a common network effect that does not contribute to motor program specification. They increase the excitability of an interneuron, B63. In this report, we further characterized the effects of peptides on B63. We performed voltage-clamp experiments and used a step protocol to look at steady-state currents. We found that SCP and FCAP/CP-2 both induced an inward current that was virtually absent in low-sodium saline. Previous work has established that B63 is unusual in the feeding circuit in that subthreshold depolarizations are autonomously generated that can trigger motor programs. Here, we show that this autonomous activity is more frequent in the presence of peptides. Previous studies have also shown that activity of the feeding central pattern generator (CPG) can be initiated by neurons that excite B63, e.g., by cerebral buccal interneuron 2 (CBI-2), a projection neuron that triggers biting-like motor programs. Here, we show that the latency of CBI-2-induced activity is decreased by stimulation of the esophageal nerve (EN) (which releases endogenous SCP). These results, taken together with previous results, indicate that peptides that act divergently to configure network activity additionally act convergently to promote motor program induction. We present data that suggest that this arrangement facilitates brief switches between ingestive and egestive motor activity. © 2025 The Authors.

关键词： central pattern generator invertebrate modulation motor program neuropeptide

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