The progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in affected patient brains is one of the pathological features of Parkinson's disease,the second most common human neurodegenerative *** the detailed pathogenesis accou...
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The progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in affected patient brains is one of the pathological features of Parkinson's disease,the second most common human neurodegenerative *** the detailed pathogenesis accounting for dopaminergic neuron degeneration in Parkinson's disease is still unclear,the advancement of stem cell approaches has shown promise for Parkinson's disease research and *** induced pluripotent stem cells have been commonly used to generate dopaminergic neurons,which has provided valuable insights to improve our understanding of Parkinson's disease pathogenesis and contributed to anti-Parkinson's disease *** current review discusses the practical approaches and potential applications of induced pluripotent stem cell techniques for generating and differentiating dopaminergic neurons from induced pluripotent stem *** benefits of induced pluripotent stem cell-based research are *** dopaminergic neuron differentiation protocols from induced pluripotent stem cells are *** emerging three-dimension-based brain organoid models compared with conventional two-dimensional cell culture are ***,limitations,challenges,and future directions of induced pluripotent stem cell–based approaches are analyzed and proposed,which will be significant to the future application of induced pluripotent stem cell-related techniques for Parkinson's disease.
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase(G6PD)is the rate-limiting enzyme in the pentose phosphate pathway(PPP)in *** metabolism is closely implicated in the regulation of mitophagy,a selective form of autophagy for the degr...
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Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase(G6PD)is the rate-limiting enzyme in the pentose phosphate pathway(PPP)in *** metabolism is closely implicated in the regulation of mitophagy,a selective form of autophagy for the degradation of damaged *** PPP and its key enzymes such as G6PD possess important metabolic functions,including biosynthesis and maintenance of intracellular redox balance,while their implication in mitophagy is largely ***,via a whole-genome CRISPR-Cas9 screening,we identified that G6PD regulates PINK1(phosphatase and tensin homolog[PTEN]-induced kinase 1)-Parkinmediated *** function of G6PD in mitophagy was verified via multiple approaches.G6PD deletion significantly inhibited mitophagy,which can be rescued by G6PD ***,while the catalytic activity of G6PD is required,the known PPP functions per se are not involved in mitophagy ***,we found a portion of G6PD localized at mitochondria where it interacts with PINK1.G6PD deletion resulted in an impairment in PINK1 stabilization and subsequent inhibition of ubiquitin phosphorylation,a key starting point of ***,we found that G6PD deletion resulted in lower cell viability upon mitochondrial depolarization,indicating the physiological function of G6PD-mediated mitophagy in response to mitochondrial *** summary,our study reveals a novel role of G6PD as a key positive regulator in mitophagy,which bridges several important cellular processes,namely glucose metabolism,redox homeostasis,and mitochondrial quality control.
Parkinson's disease(PD), characterized by the loss of dopaminergic(DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta(SNpc) of the midbrain, is a prototype neurological disease that is suitable for cellular replace...
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Parkinson's disease(PD), characterized by the loss of dopaminergic(DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta(SNpc) of the midbrain, is a prototype neurological disease that is suitable for cellular replacement therapy. Levodopa has been utilized to replace the insufficient dopamine released by degenerating DA neurons since the 1960s and it remains the cornerstone of PD treatment. However, as the disease progresses.
Many women experience sleep problems during pregnancy. This includes difficulty initiating and maintaining sleep due to physiologic changes that occur as pregnancy progresses, as well as increased symptoms of sleep-di...
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Mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease:Mitochondria are the primary energy generator of the cell and they are important for cell survival and *** mitochondrial homeostasis is frequently reported in human d...
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Mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease:Mitochondria are the primary energy generator of the cell and they are important for cell survival and *** mitochondrial homeostasis is frequently reported in human diseases especially those affecting the brain.
The circadian timing system plays a key role in orchestrating lipid metabolism. In concert with the solar cycle, the circadian system ensures that daily rhythms in lipid absorption, storage, and transport are temporal...
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The circadian timing system plays a key role in orchestrating lipid metabolism. In concert with the solar cycle, the circadian system ensures that daily rhythms in lipid absorption, storage, and transport are temporally coordinated with rest-activity and feeding cycles. At the cellular level, genes involved in lipid synthesis and fatty acid oxidation are rhythmically activated and repressed by core clock proteins in a tissue-specific manner. Consequently, loss of clock gene function or misalignment of circadian rhythms with feeding cycles (e.g., in shift work) results in impaired lipid homeostasis. Herein, we review recent progress in circadian rhythms research using lipidomics, i.e., large-scale profiling of lipid metabolites, to characterize circadian-regulated lipid pathways in mammals. In mice, novel regulatory circuits involved in fatty acid metabolism have been identified in adipose tissue, liver, and muscle. Extensive diversity in circadian regulation of plasma lipids has also been revealed in humans using lipidomics and other metabolomics approaches. In future studies, lipidomics platforms will be increasingly used to better understand the effects of genetic variation, shift work, food intake, and drugs on circadian-regulated lipid pathways and metabolic health.
Music Information Retrieval (MIR) is an interdisciplinary field that facilitates indexing and content-based organization of music databases. Music classification and clustering is one of the major topics in MIR. Music...
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