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Frontiers in Optics, FiO 2017

作者： Schroeder, Bryce Zhu, Zhen H. Guo, Changliang Jia, Shu Department of Biomedical Engineering Stony Brook University Stony BrookNY11794 United States Medical Scientist Training Program Stony Brook University Stony BrookNY11794 United States

We optimized helicon-like beams in a high resolution imaging sytem with an evolutionary algorithm, achieving a tight intensity profile while largely maintaining self-rotation and nondiffraction. The method promises wi... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781943580330

关键词： Optimization

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Ashy dermatosis-like hyperpigmentation in a patient taking hydroxyurea

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JAAD Case Reports 2020年第9期6卷 797-800页

作者： Li, Stephen Arvisais-Anhalt, Simone Vandergriff, Travis Le, Lu Q. Department of Dermatology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas TX United States Medical Scientist Training Program University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas TX United States Department of Pathology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas TX United States

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Brain mapping in cognitive disorders: A multidisciplinary approach to learning the tools and applications of functional neuroimaging

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BMC medical Education 2007年第1期7卷 1-7页

作者： Kelley, Daniel J. Johnson, Sterling C. Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center William S. Middleton Memorial Veteran Hospital Madison WI United States Department of Medicine University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI United States Waisman Laboratory for Brain Imaging and Behavior Waisman Center University of Wisconsin Madison WI United States Neuroscience Training Program Center for Neuroscience University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI United States Medical Scientist Training Program University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI United States Wisconsin Program for Scientific Teaching Department of Bacteriology University of Wisconsin Madison WI United States

Background. With rapid advances in functional imaging methods, human studies that feature functional neuroimaging techniques are increasing exponentially and have opened a vast arena of new possibilities for understanding brain function and improving the care of patients with cognitive disorders in the clinical setting. There is a growing need for medical centers to offer clinically relevant functional neuroimaging courses that emphasize the multifaceted and multidisciplinary nature of this field. In this paper, we describe the implementation of a functional neuroimaging course focusing on cognitive disorders that might serve as a model for other medical centers. We identify key components of an active learning course design that impact student learning gains in methods and issues pertaining to functional neuroimaging that deserve consideration when optimizing the medical neuroimaging curriculum. Methods. Learning gains associated with the course were assessed using polychoric correlation analysis of responses to the SALG (Student Assessment of Learning Gains) instrument. Results. Student gains in the functional neuroimaging of cognition as assessed by the SALG instrument were strongly associated with several aspects of the course design. Conclusion. Our implementation of a multidisciplinary and active learning functional neuroimaging course produced positive learning outcomes. Inquiry-based learning activities and an online learning environment contributed positively to reported gains. This functional neuroimaging course design may serve as a useful model for other medical centers. © 2007 Kelley and Johnson;licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

关键词： Functional Neuroimaging Cognitive Disorder Polychoric Correlation Online Learning Environment Reading Assessment

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Evaluating the Impact of Early Clinical Role Exposure to Ease Transition to the Clinical Year

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medical Science Educator 2018年第2期28卷 285-287页

作者： Gokhale, Tanmay A. Chudgar, Saumil M. Medical Scientist Training Program Duke University Room 1427 Fitzpatrick CIEMAS Box 90281 Durham 27708 NC United States Department of Medicine Duke University School of Medicine Durham 27710 NC United States

The transition to clinical training is a well-documented source of medical student stress. While students are taught the essential skills of patient interviewing and physical examination, exposure to their role on the ward team may be limited. We designed an opportunity for pre-clinical medical students to shadow clinical students to better understand the role of the student on the clinical team. Participants were surveyed before and after to evaluate their understanding and comfort. They reported increased familiarity and comfort with the clinical student’s role after shadowing and that the experience was worthwhile and reduced their anxiety about the transition. © 2018, International Association of medical Science Educators.

关键词： medical students Student role Transition to clinical work

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Rapid improvement in post-infectious gastroparesis symptoms with mirtazapine

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第21期20卷 6671-6674页

作者： Shinjini Kundu Shari Rogal Abdulkader Alam David J Levinthal Medical Scientist Training Program University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPA 15261United States Division of Gastroenterology Hepatologyand NutritionDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPA 15213United States Department of Psychiatry Stony Brook University HospitalStony BrookNY 11794United States

We report the case of a 34-year-old woman with severe post-infectious gastroparesis who was transferred from an outside medical facility for a second opinion regarding management. This patient had no prior history of gastrointestinal symptoms. However, in the aftermath of a viral illness, she developed two months of intractable nausea, vomiting, and oral intake intolerance that resulted in numerous hospitalizations for dehydration and electrolyte disturbances. A solid-phase gastric emptying scan had confirmed delayed emptying, confirming gastroparesis. Unfortunately, conventional pro-kinetic agents and numerous anti-emetic drugs provided little or no relief of the patient’s symptoms. At our institution, the patient experienced a cessation of vomiting, reported a significant reduction in nausea, and tolerated oral intake shortly after taking mirtazapine. Based on mirtazapine’s primary action as a serotonin (5-HT) 1a receptor agonist, we infer that this receptor system mediated the clinical improvement through a combination of peripheral and central neural mechanisms. This report highlights the potential utility of 5-HT1a agonists in the management of nausea and vomiting. We conclude that mirtazapine may be effective in treating symptoms associated with non-diabetic gastroparesis that are refractory to conventional therapies.

关键词： Nausea Vomiting Gastroparesis Symptoms Mirtazapine Anti-emetics

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A Randomized-Controlled Trial Evaluating the Impact of a Web Tutorial on Perceptions and Usage of Opioids Post-Carpal Tunnel Release Surgery

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Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2024年第4期6卷 514-518页

作者： Gilmer, Gabrielle Cluts, Landon Gibbons, John L. Fowler, John Cellular and Molecular Pathology Graduate Program Department of Pathology University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh PA United States Medical Scientist Training Program University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh PA United States Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh PA United States

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a web tutorial on perceptions of pain management and usage of opioids after carpal tunnel release surgery (post-CTR). Methods: A web tutorial was developed by the authors, and patients were consented and enrolled if they were over the age of 18 years, could speak and understand English, and were having CTR. Patients were randomized to either view or not view the web tutorial before surgery, and all patients took a 19-question online survey approximately 2 weeks after surgery to assess their views on pain management and their self-reported opioid usage. All patients received standard-of-care instructions for postoperative pain management and were prescribed fifteen 5 mg tablets of oxycodone. Independent sample t tests, Wilcoxon rank sum tests, and chi-square tests were used to evaluate variables of interest. Results: Sixty-seven patients were enrolled, with 17 lost to follow-up;therefore, 50 patients were included in the final study cohort and completed the online survey (n = 25/group). There were no statistically significant differences in age, gender (patient reported gender), race, and opioid use history between the groups, but there was a difference in education level with the group that did not watch the video having proportionally more participants whose highest level of education was postgraduate (36% vs 8%) and high school (24% vs 16%). There were no differences between groups in the perceptions of pain post-CTR based on survey statements, in reported opioid consumption on post-op day 1, or in perceived risk of prolonged opioid use. Conversely, on post-op days 2–6 (8% vs 28%) and 7–14 (0% vs 20%), fewer participants from the group that watched the video reported any opioid usage compared with the group that did not watch the video. Conclusions: Our web tutorial did not notably impact the way patients perceived pain management or opioid risks post-CTR. However, a smaller proportion of the group

关键词： Education Hand surgery Postoperative care

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STING deletion protects against amyloid β–induced Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis

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Alzheimer's & Dementia 2025年第5期21卷 e70305页

作者： Jessica M. Thanos Olivia C. Campbell Maureen N. Cowan Katherine R. Bruch Katelyn A. Moore Hannah E. Ennerfelt Nick R. Natale Aman Mangalmurti Nagaraj Kerur John R. Lukens Department of Neuroscience Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG) University of Virginia Charlottesville Virginia USA Neuroscience Graduate Program University of Virginia Charlottesville Virginia USA Brain Immunology and Glia Graduate Training Program University of Virginia Charlottesville Virginia USA Department of Neurology Massachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts USA Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences Stanford University Palo Alto California USA Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Columbus Ohio USA Ohio State Havener Eye Institute the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Columbus Ohio USA Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Columbus Ohio USA

INTRODUCTION While immune dysfunction has been increasingly linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression, many major innate immune signaling molecules have yet to be explored in AD pathogenesis using genetic targeting approaches. METHODS To investigate a role for the key innate immune adaptor molecule, stimulator of interferon genes (STING), in AD, we deleted Sting1 in the 5xFAD mouse model of AD-related amyloidosis and evaluated the effects on pathology, neuroinflammation, gene expression, and cognition. RESULTS Genetic ablation of STING in 5xFAD mice led to improved control of amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques, alterations in microglial activation status, decreased levels of neuritic dystrophy, and protection against cognitive decline. Moreover, rescue of neurological disease in STING-deficient 5xFAD mice was characterized by reduced expression of type I interferon signaling genes in both microglia and excitatory neurons. DISCUSSION These findings reveal critical roles for STING in Aβ-driven neurological disease and suggest that STING-targeting therapeutics may offer promising strategies to treat AD. Highlights Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) deficiency in the 5xFAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease-related amyloidosis results in decreased amyloid beta (Aβ) deposition and altered microglial activation status. Protection against amyloidosis in STING-deficient 5xFAD mice is associated with decreased expression of genes involved in type I IFN signaling, improved neuronal health, and reduced levels of oxidative stress. Loss of STING in 5xFAD mice leads to improved spatial learning and memory.

关键词： Alzheimer's disease amyloid beta amyloidosis innate immunity microglia neurodegenerative disease neuroimmunology STING

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Topical Review: Neuronal Migration in Developmental Disorders

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Journal of Child Neurology 2004年第3期19卷 280 - 286页

作者： Matthew F. McManus Jeffrey A. Golden Neuroscience Program University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine Philadelphia PA Medical Scientist Training Program University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine Philadelphia PA Neuroscience Program University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine Philadelphia PA . Department of Pathology Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia PA Department of Pathology University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine Philadelphia PA

Normal central nervous system development is dependent on extensive cell migration. Cells born in the proliferative ventricular zone migrate radially along specialized glial processes to their final locations. In contrast, most inhibitory interneurons found in the adult mammalian cerebral cortex and some other structures migrate along a nonradial pathway and on substrates only recently defined. Defects in radial cell migration have been implicated in several distinct human syndromes in which patients often present with epilepsy and mental retardation and have characteristic cerebral abnormalities. The identification of several genes responsible for human neural cell migration defects has led to a better understanding of the cellular and molecular interactions necessary for normal migration and the pathogenesis of these disorders. The prototypic cell migration disorder in humans is type I lissencephaly. Although type 1 lissencephaly is clearly a defect in radial cell migration, recent data from two model systems (Lis1 and ARX mutant mice) indicate that a defect in non—radial cell migration also exists. Thus, the result of a LIS1 mutation appears to have broader implications than a radial cell migration defect alone. Furthermore, it is likely that the observed defect in non—radial cell migration contributes to the clinical phenotype observed in these patients. Herein we discuss the role of normal non—radial cell migration in cortical development, as well as how perturbations in both radial and nonradial migration result in developmental anomalies. (J Child Neurol 2005;20:280—286).

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Quantitative analysis of membrane protein localization and signaling

Quantitative analysis of membrane protein localization and s...

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Proceedings - 2004 IEEE Computational Systems Bioinformatics Conference, CSB 2004

作者： Kasson, Peter M. Huppa, Johannes B. Davis, Mark M. Brunger, Axel T. Biophysics Program Stanford CA 94305 Medical Scientist Training Program Stanford CA 94305 Department of Molecular Physiology Stanford CA 94305 Department of Microbiology Stanford CA 94305 Stanford Synchrt. Radiat. Laboratory Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 Howard Hughes Medical Institute Stanford CA 94305

ISBN: (纸本)0769521940

Fluorescence microscopy of labeled proteins yields a wealth of data on cell signaling processes. However, systems for quantitative analysis of such data have lagged behind the recent progress in data acquisition technology. As cellular protein redistribution plays a key role in proximal signaling and the establishment of cell polarity, quantitative information is critical for understanding many signaling networks. We have developed a robust automated system to analyze membrane protein redistribution based on datasets obtained via fluorescence video microscopy. Our system provides methods for cell surface segmentation and reconstruction, cell shape tracking, cell-surface parameterization, and cluster formation analysis. Our system is novel in both its integration and its surface-based approach, enabling model-free analysis of protein redistribution across the entire cell. We validate our system by measuring receptor clustering in T lymphocytes undergoing activation, obtaining clustering velocities consistent with the previously reported single-particle tracking data that serve as our reference standard. Our methods generalize to many cell-signaling phenomena, allowing quantitative measurement of these cell membrane processes and offering the ability to derive empiric parameters for spatial signaling network models.

关键词： Proteins

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Quantitative analysis of lymphocyte membrane protein redistribution from fluorescence microscopy

Quantitative analysis of lymphocyte membrane protein redistr...

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2004 International Conference on Image Processing, ICIP 2004

作者： Kasson, Peter M. Huppa, Johannes B. Davis, Mark M. Brunger, Axel T. Biophysics Program Stanford CA 94305 Medical Scientist Training Program Stanford CA 94305 Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology Stanford CA 94305 Department of Microbiology and Immunology Stanford CA 94305 Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 Howard Hughes Medical Institute Stanford CA 94305

The relocalization of plasma membrane proteins is critical for establishing cellular polarity and regulating cell signaling. Three-dimensional fluorescence video microscopy allows the dynamic visualization of proteins in living cells. We have developed a robust and automated method to employ fluorescence data acquired in this manner for quantitative analysis of membrane protein movements across the cell surface. Our method utilizes level-set-based surface reconstruction followed by a maximum likelihood surface registration algorithm for rigid-body alignment of noisy images. A surface-walking technique yields distance maps for the cell surface, which are then used to measure changes in protein surface distribution over time. Applying this method to signaling in T lymphocytes, we have used it to monitor receptor movements and have validated these results against previously reported single-particle tracking data. ©2004 IEEE.

关键词： Proteins

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