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arXiv 2020年

作者： Nag, Nitish Rajanna, Bindu Jain, Ramesh Donald Bren School of Information and Computer Science University of California Irvine United States Department of Computer Science PES University Medical Scientist Training Program School of Medicine University of California Irvine United States

— With the exponential growth in the usage of social media to share live updates about life, taking pictures has become an unavoidable phenomenon. Individuals unknowingly create a unique knowledge base with these images. The food images, in particular, are of interest as they contain a plethora of information. From the image metadata and using computer vision tools, we can extract distinct insights for each user to build a personal profile. Using the underlying connection between cuisines and their inherent tastes, we attempt to build such a profile for an individual based solely on the images of his food. Our study provides insights about an individual’s inclination towards a certain cuisine. Interpreting these insights can lead to the development of a more precise recommendation system. Such a system would avoid the generic approach in favor of a personalized system. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Knowledge based systems

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In children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, less task-related up-modulation of motor cortex during response inhibition

Annals of the Child Neurology Society

引用

Annals of the Child Neurology Society 2025年

作者： Donald L. Gilbert Deana Crocetti Paul S. Horn Steve W. Wu David A. Huddleston Jacqueline M. Ehrman Karlee Y. Migneault Stewart H. Mostofsky Division of Neurology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati Ohio USA Department of Pediatrics University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati Ohio USA Center for Neurodevelopmental and Imaging Research Kennedy Krieger Institute Baltimore Maryland USA Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA Medical Scientist Training Program University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati Ohio USA

Objective The aim of this study was to identify a quantitative, brain-based measure reflecting impaired response inhibition in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods In this cross-sectional study, we used transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to evoke potentials in hand muscle during both a simple reaction time and a response inhibition task in 8-to-12-year-old children, 41 with ADHD (42% girls, 76% white, mean age 10.3 years) and 38 typically developing controls (53% girls, 74% white, mean age 9.8 years). We used mixed-model linear regressions of evoked potential amplitudes to compare motor cortex excitability at (1) task-onset (“START”: 550 ms prior to action); (2) preparing-to-go (“GO”: 150 ms prior to action); and (3) selecting-to-stop (“STOP”: 150 ms after stop cue). We hypothesized that task-related up-modulation of motor cortex excitability (motor evoked potential amplitudes) would depend both on task (STOP > GO > START) and on diagnosis (controls > patients). Results Motor cortex up-modulation was significantly greater for STOP trials than during GO or START. Children with ADHD had both worse response inhibition performance (longer stop-signal reaction times) and significantly less task effect on motor cortex up-modulation. The largest diagnostic difference in motor cortex activation occurred during STOP trials. Reduced up-modulation during stopping was also associated with higher parent-rated symptom severity. Interpretation Our findings suggest that motor cortex up-modulation of excitability, assessed indirectly by TMS motor evoked potentials, reflects the cognitive load during response inhibition tasks and may be a quantitative, brain-based indicator of impaired response inhibition in children with ADHD.

关键词： attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder children motor cortex response inhibition transcranial magnetic stimulation task-related up-modulation (TRUM)

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Radiation-Induced Cardiotoxicity

Advances in Oncology

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Advances in Oncology 2021年 1卷 1-13页

作者： Samuel Zorn David Rayan Sherry-Ann Brown Carmen Bergom Medical Scientist Training Program Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee WI USA Department of Medicine Medical College of Wisconsin Hub for Collaborative Medicine 8701 Watertown Plank Rd 8th Floor Milwaukee WI 53226 USA Froedtert Hospital-Center for Advanced Care Heart and Vascular Center 8900 Doyne Avenue Milwaukee WI 53226 USA Department of Radiation Oncology Washington University School of Medicine 660 S. Euclid Ave Campus Box 8224 St Louis MO 63110 USA Department of Radiation Oncology Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee WI USA

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Investigation of Cas9 antibodies in the human eye (vol 13, 1053, 2022)

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NATURE COMMUNICATIONS 2022年第1期13卷 1053-1053页

作者： Toral, Marcus A. Charlesworth, Carsten T. Ng, Benjamin Chemudupati, Teja Homma, Shota Nakauchi, Hiromitsu Bassuk, Alexander G. Porteus, Matthew H. Mahajan, Vinit B. Stanford University Molecular Surgery Program Department of Ophthalmology Byers Eye Institute Palo Alto USA (GRID:grid.168010.e) (ISNI:***) University of Iowa Medical Scientist Training Program and Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine Iowa City USA (GRID:grid.214572.7) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 8294) Stanford University Department of Pediatrics Palo Alto USA (GRID:grid.168010.e) (ISNI:***) Stanford University Molecular Surgery Program Department of Ophthalmology Byers Eye Institute Palo Alto USA (GRID:grid.168010.e) (ISNI:***) University of Oxford Medical Sciences Division Oxford UK (GRID:grid.4991.5) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 8948) Stanford University Molecular Surgery Program Department of Ophthalmology Byers Eye Institute Palo Alto USA (GRID:grid.168010.e) (ISNI:***) Stanford University Department of Genetics Palo Alto USA (GRID:grid.168010.e) (ISNI:***) Stanford University Department of Genetics Palo Alto USA (GRID:grid.168010.e) (ISNI:***) Stanford University School of Medicine Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Palo Alto USA (GRID:grid.168010.e) (ISNI:***) University of Tokyo Division of Stem Cell Therapy Distinguished Professor Unit Institute of Medical Science Tokyo Japan (GRID:grid.26999.3d) (ISNI:0000 0001 2151 536X) University of Iowa Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology and The Iowa Neuroscience Institute (INI) Iowa City USA (GRID:grid.214572.7) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 8294) Stanford University Molecular Surgery Program Department of Ophthalmology Byers Eye Institute Palo Alto USA (GRID:grid.168010.e) (ISNI:***) Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System Palo Alto CA Palo Alto USA (GRID:grid.280747.e) (ISNI:0000 0004 0419 2556)

Preexisting immunity against Cas9 proteins in humans represents a safety risk for CRISPR–Cas9 technologies. However, it is unclear to what extent preexisting Cas9 immunity is relevant to the eye as it is targeted for early in vivo CRISPR–Cas9 clinical trials. While the eye lacks T-cells, it contains antibodies, cytokines, and resident immune cells. Although precise mechanisms are unclear, intraocular inflammation remains a major cause of vision loss. Here, we used immunoglobulin isotyping and ELISA platforms to profile antibodies in serum and vitreous fluid biopsies from human adult subjects and Cas9-immunized mice. We observed high prevalence of preexisting Cas9-reactive antibodies in serum but not in the eye. However, we detected intraocular antibodies reactive to S. pyogenes-derived Cas9 after S. pyogenes intraocular infection. Our data suggest that serum antibody concentration may determine whether specific intraocular antibodies develop, but preexisting immunity to Cas9 may represent a lower risk in human eyes than ***-existing antibodies against Cas9 proteins represent a potential issue for gene therapies, including those targeting the eye. Here the authors assess the presence of intraocular antibodies, and show that Cas9 antibodies were prevalent in human serum but not the eye, unless prior bacterial infection occurred.

关键词： CRISPR-Cas systems Visual system Translational immunology

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55564 Interactive mindfulness and dialogue sessions are integral components of research training.

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 2021年第S1期5卷 64-65页

作者： Kit Knier Adriana Morales Gomez Joanna Yang Yowler Chris Pierret Linda M. Scholl Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA Mayo Clinic Medical Scientist Training Program Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA Department of Research Mayo Clinic Jacksonville FL USA Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA Office of Applied Scholarship and Education Science Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA

ABSTRACT IMPACT: This work demonstrates the integration of interactive mindfulness and dialogue sessions in curricula is both desired by students and effective in conferring resilience, a protective factor that may aid in maintaining wellbeing of trainees interested in pursuing graduate studies in biomedical research and science. OBJECTIVES/GOALS: To support student futures in the field of biomedicine, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biological Sciences utilized digital platforms to deliver a summer research program in the summer of 2020. One goal of this program, in addition to scholastic outcomes and research experience, was to support and improve the wellbeing of college student participants. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Following the cancellation of in-person summer research programs, students were invited to attend a digital Summer Foundations in Research program. The 4-week program included 4 small group dialogue sessions led by trained facilitators and 4 large group mindfulness seminars followed with 3 Q/A style small group sessions. Surveys were delivered on days 1, 27, and 3 months following the program. Wellbeing measures included Brief Resilience, Perceived Stress, and Satisfaction with Life Scales. Students were prompted to indicate how worthwhile they found course components and comment on why they rated each component the way they did. Wellbeing results were assessed using paired t-tests with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. Thematic analysis was used to interpret qualitative results. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Students improved across all wellbeing measures at the program conclusion, including resilience (mean difference(SE) pre- to post-program +0.22(0.06) p=0.0007), perceived stress (-1.71(0.66) p=0.0116), and life satisfaction (+1.57(0.52) p=0.0037). Gains in resilience were maintained 3 months out (pre-program to 3 month survey +0.28(0.06) p<0.0001). To our surprise, mindfulness was the highest rated component of the research program

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Micromagnetic Neural Stimulation and Spintronic Neural Sensing

Micromagnetic Neural Stimulation and Spintronic Neural Sensi...

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Magnetic Conference - Short Papers (INTERMAG Short Papers), IEEE International

作者： Renata Saha Denis Tonini Matthew S. Hopper Abhinav Goyal Jason Yuen Yoonbae Oh Zachary Sanger Sadegh Faramarzi Maple Shiao Dusty Van Helden Robert P. Bloom Onri J. Benally Kai Wu Susan A. Keirstead Theoden I. Netoff Walter C. Low John Osborn Kevin E. Bennet Kendall H. Lee Hojin Shin Jian-Ping Wang Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN United States Department of Neurologic Surgery Mayo Clinic Rochester MN United States Medical Scientist Training Program Mayo Clinic Rochester MN United States IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation Barwon Health Deakin University School of Medicine Geelong VIC Australia Department of Biomedical Engineering Mayo Clinic Rochester MN United States Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN United States Stem Cell Institute University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN United States Department of Surgery University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN United States Department of Neurosurgery University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN United States Division of Engineering Mayo Clinic Rochester MN United States

ISBN: (数字)9798350362213

ISBN: (纸本)9798350362220

We report our team's recent magnetic biomedical brain-related research work: 1) micromagnetic neural stimulation $(\boldsymbol{\mu} \mathbf{MS})$ ; 2) calculation of magnetic field generated by neural cells and tissues and spintronic neural sensing. First, the designing, fabrication, and testing of two micromagnetic implants - the Magnetic Pen (MagPen), a solenoid-shaped single $\boldsymbol{\mu} \mathbf{coil}$ prototype, and the Magnetic Patch (MagPatch), a rectangular helix-shaped planar $\boldsymbol{\mu} \mathbf{coil}$ array prototype, is discussed. The efficacy of micromagnetic activation using MagPen has been successfully tested over many rodent models. The MagPen prototype had its caveat in terms of mm-size, lack of multidimensional spatial control and activation at the cellular-level. To bridge this research gap, the MagPatch array was designed and fabricated to study $\boldsymbol{\mu} \mathbf{MS}$ at the single-cell resolution. Second, we used FEM exemplary models and open-source computational libraries and calculated the magnetic fields generated by individual neurons and neuronal networks at micrometer distances. Our results show that the magnetic field generated by a single-neuron action potential can be detected by ultra-high sensitivity sub-pT magnetic field sensors, which opens the door to future in vivo decoding of neuronal activities through neural networks. Room temperature, high endurance, small volume and low power make spintronic sensors one of the promising candidates for neural sensing. On this aspect, the recent experimental progress for the spintronic sensors for neural sensing has been reviewed, with a specific discussion on our effort on spintronic stack design, device fabrication and detection.

关键词： Temperature sensors Fabrication Magnetic sensors Computational modeling Prototypes Micromagnetics Magnetic fields

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Is taurine an aging biomarker?

引用

Science 2025年第6751期388卷

作者： Maria Emilia Fernandez Michel Bernier Nathan L. Price Simonetta Camandola Miguel A. Aon Kelli Vaughan Julie A. Mattison Joshua D. Preston Dean P. Jones Toshiko Tanaka Qu Tian Marta González-Freire Luigi Ferrucci Rafael de Cabo Translational Gerontology Branch Intramural Research Program National Institute on Aging National Institutes of Health (NIH) Baltimore MD USA. Laboratory of Cardiovascular Sciences Intramural Research Program National Institute on Aging NIH Baltimore MD USA. Medical Scientist Training Program Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta GA USA. Nutrition and Health Sciences Laney Graduate School Emory University Atlanta GA USA. Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine Department of Medicine Emory University Atlanta GA USA. Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa) Palma de Mallorca Spain.

Low circulating taurine concentrations have been proposed as a driver of the aging process. We found that circulating taurine concentrations increased or remained unchanged with age in three geographically distinct human cohorts as well as in nonhuman primates and mice when measured longitudinally (repeatedly in the same population) or cross-sectionally (sampling distinct populations at various ages). Moreover, considerable variability was observed in associations between taurine and age-related changes in health outcomes pertaining to gross motor function and energy homeostasis. Our results suggest that changes in circulating taurine are not a universal feature of aging and that its pleiotropic effects may be dependent on the temporal and physiological context of each individual.

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Gene set proximity analysis: expanding gene set enrichment analysis through learned geometric embeddings

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Cousins, Henry Hall, Taryn Guo, Yinglong Tso, Luke Tzeng, Kathy Tzy-Hwa Cong, Le Altman, Russ Department of Biomedical Data Science Stanford University School of Medicine StanfordCA United States Medical Scientist Training Program Stanford University School of Medicine StanfordCA United States Optum Labs UnitedHealth Group MinneapolisMN United States Department of Genetics Stanford University School of Medicine StanfordCA United States Department of Pathology Stanford University School of Medicine StanfordCA United States Department of Medicine Stanford University School of Medicine StanfordCA United States Department of Bioengineering Stanford University StanfordCA United States

Gene set analysis methods rely on knowledge-based representations of genetic interactions in the form of both gene set collections and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks. Explicit representations of genetic interactions often fail to capture complex interdependencies among genes, limiting the analytic power of such methods. Here we propose an extension of gene set enrichment analysis to a latent feature space reflecting PPI network topology, called gene set proximity analysis (GSPA). Compared with existing methods, GSPA provides improved ability to identify disease-associated pathways in disease-matched gene expression datasets, while improving reproducibility of enrichment statistics for similar gene sets. GSPA is statistically straightforward, reducing to classical gene set enrichment through a single user-defined parameter. We apply our method to identify novel drug associations with SARS-CoV-2 viral entry. Finally, we validate our drug association predictions through retrospective clinical analysis of claims data from 8 million patients, supporting a role for gabapentin as a risk factor and metformin as a protective factor for COVID-19 hospitalization. © 2022, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： SARS

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Developmental brain abnormalities and acute encephalopathy in a patient with myopathy with extrapyramidal signs secondary to pathogenic variants in micu1

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JIMD Reports 2020年第1期53卷 2-28页

作者： Wilton, Katelynn M. Morales-Rosado, Joel A. Selcen, Duygu Muthusamy, Karthik Ewing, Sarah Agre, Katherine Nickels, Katherine Klee, Eric W. Ho, Mai-Lan Morava, Eva Medical Scientist Training Program Mayo Clinic Alix College of Medicine Mayo Clinic Rochester United States Center for Individualized Medicine Mayo Clinic Rochester United States Department of Health Science Research Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics Mayo Clinic Rochester United States Department of Neurology Mayo Clinic Rochester United States Department of Clinical Genomics Mayo Clinic Rochester United States Department of Radiology Nationwide Children’s Hospital Columbus OH United States

Mitochondria play a variety of roles in the cell, far beyond their widely recognized role in ATP generation. One such role is the regulation and sequestration of calcium, which is done with the help of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) and its regulators, MICU1 and MICU2. Genetic variations in MICU1 and MICU2 have been reported to cause myopathy, developmental disability and neurological symptoms typical of mitochondrial disorders. The symptoms of MICU1/2 deficiency have generally been attributed to calcium regulation in the metabolic and biochemical roles of mitochondria. Here, we report a female child with heterozygous MICU1 variants and multiple congenital brain malformations on MRI. Specifically, she shows anterior perisylvian polymicrogyria, dysmorphic basal ganglia, and cerebellar dysplasia in addition to white matter abnormalities. These novel findings suggest that MICU1 is necessary for proper neurodevelopment through a variety of potential mechanisms, including calciummediated regulation of the neuronal cytoskeleton, Miro1-MCU complexmediated mitochondrial movement, or enhancing ATP production. This case provides new insight into the molecular pathogenesis of MCU dysfunction and may represent a novel diagnostic feature of calcium-based mitochondrial disease. © 2020 The Authors.

关键词： Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis Genetic MICU1 MICU1 deficiency Mitochondria MPXPS

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ECPELLA bridge to heart transplantation for a large ischemic ventricular septal defect and refractory ventricular arrhythmias

JHLT Open

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JHLT Open 2025年

作者： Max Frenkel Romulo Fajardo John Dollerschell Aurangzeb Baber Joshua Hermsen Yu Xia Medical Scientist Training Program University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison Wisconsin Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery Department of Surgery University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison Wisconsin USA Department of Anesthesiology University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison Wisconsin USA Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Department of Medicine University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison Wisconsin USA

Post-myocardial infarction (MI) ventricular septal defects (VSDs) are rare but life-threatening. Temporary mechanical support options range from intra-aortic balloon pumps (IABPs) to venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO). There are few anecdotes of the Impella as bridge to repair. We present a case of post-MI VSD and cardiogenic shock requiring combined Impella 5.5 and VA-ECMO (ECPELLA) as a bridge to transplant.

关键词： (ECPELLA) Impella and VA-ECMO (IABP) Intra-aortic balloon pump (LV) Left ventricle (MI) Myocardial infarction (RCA) Right coronary artery (tMCS) Temporary mechanical circulatory support (TTE) Transthoracic echocardiography (VA-ECMO) Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VSD) Ventricular septal defect ECPELLA ischemic VSD Heart transplantation Mechanical Circulatory Support

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