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Technology Roadmap for Flexible Sensors

ACS NANO 2023年第6期17卷 5211-5295页

作者： Luo, Yifei Abidian, Mohammad Reza Ahn, Jong-Hyun Akinwande, Deji Andrews, Anne M. Antonietti, Markus Bao, Zhenan Berggren, Magnus Berkey, Christopher A. Bettinger, Christopher John Chen, Jun Chen, Peng Cheng, Wenlong Cheng, Xu Choi, Seon-Jin Chortos, Alex Dagdeviren, Canan Dauskardt, Reinhold H. Di, Chong-an Dickey, Michael D. Duan, Xiangfeng Facchetti, Antonio Fan, Zhiyong Fang, Yin Feng, Jianyou Feng, Xue Gao, Huajian Gao, Wei Gong, Xiwen Guo, Chuan Fei Guo, Xiaojun Hartel, Martin C. He, Zihan Ho, John S. Hu, Youfan Huang, Qiyao Huang, Yu Huo, Fengwei Hussain, Muhammad M. Javey, Ali Jeong, Unyong Jiang, Chen Jiang, Xingyu Kang, Jiheong Karnaushenko, Daniil Khademhosseini, Ali Kim, Dae-Hyeong Kim, Il-Doo Kireev, Dmitry Kong, Lingxuan Lee, Chengkuo Lee, Nae-Eung Lee, Pooi See Lee, Tae-Woo Li, Fengyu Li, Jinxing Liang, Cuiyuan Lim, Chwee Teck Lin, Yuanjing Lipomi, Darren J. Liu, Jia Liu, Kai Liu, Nan Liu, Ren Liu, Yuxin Liu, Yuxuan Liu, Zhiyuan Liu, Zhuangjian Loh, Xian Jun Lu, Nanshu Lv, Zhisheng Magdassi, Shlomo Malliaras, George G. Matsuhisa, Naoji Nathan, Arokia Niu, Simiao Pan, Jieming Pang, Changhyun Pei, Qibing Peng, Huisheng Qi, Dianpeng Ren, Huaying Rogers, John A. Rowe, Aaron Schmidt, Oliver G. Sekitani, Tsuyoshi Seo, Dae-Gyo Shen, Guozhen Sheng, Xing Shi, Qiongfeng Someya, Takao Song, Yanlin Stavrinidou, Eleni Su, Meng Sun, Xuemei Takei, Kuniharu Tao, Xiao-Ming Tee, Benjamin C. K. Thean, Aaron Voon-Yew Trung, Tran Quang Wan, Changjin Wang, Huiliang Wang, Joseph Wang, Ming Wang, Sihong Wang, Ting Wang, Zhong Lin Weiss, Paul S. Wen, Hanqi Xu, Sheng Xu, Tailin Yan, Hongping Yan, Xuzhou Yang, Hui Yang, Le Yang, Shuaijian Yin, Lan Yu, Cunjiang Yu, Guihua Yu, Jing Yu, Shu-Hong Yu, Xinge Zamburg, Evgeny Zhang, Haixia Zhang, Xiangyu Zhang, Xiaosheng Zhang, Xueji Zhang, Yihui Zhang, Yu Zhao, Siyuan Zhao, Xuanhe Zheng, Yuanjin Zheng, Yu-Qing Zheng, Zijian Zhou, Tao Zhu, Bowen Zhu, Ming Zhu, Rong Zhu, Yangzhi Zhu, Yong Zou, Guijin Chen, Xiaodong Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE) Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR) 2 Fusionopolis Way #08-03 Innovis Singapore 138634 Republic of Singapore；Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX) School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore 639798 Singapore Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Houston Houston Texas 77024 United States School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas 78712 United States；Microelectronics Research Center The University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas 78758 United States Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry California NanoSystems Institute and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior and Hatos Center for Neuropharmacology University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California 90095 United States Colloid Chemistry Department Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces 14476 Potsdam Germany Department of Chemical Engineering Stanford University Stanford California 94305 United States Laboratory of Organic Electronics Department of Science and Technology Campus Norrköping Linköping University 83 Linköping Sweden；Wallenberg Initiative Materials Science for Sustainability (WISE) and Wallenberg Wood Science Center (WWSC) SE-100 44 Stockholm Sweden Department of Materials Science and Engineering Stanford University Stanford California 94301 United States Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Materials Science and Engineering Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213 United States Department of Bioengineering University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California 90095 United States School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637457

Humans rely increasingly on sensors to address grand challenges and to improve quality of life in the era of digitalization and big data. For ubiquitous sensing, flexible sensors are developed to overcome the limitations of conventional rigid counterparts. Despite rapid advancement in bench-side research over the last decade, the market adoption of flexible sensors remains limited. To ease and to expedite their deployment, here, we identify bottlenecks hindering the maturation of flexible sensors and propose promising solutions. We first analyze continued...challenges in achieving satisfactory sensing performance for real-world applications and then summarize issues in compatible sensor-biology interfaces, followed by brief discussions on powering and connecting sensor networks. Issues en route to commercialization and for sustainable growth of the sector are also analyzed, highlighting environmental concerns and emphasizing nontechnical issues such as business, regulatory, and ethical considerations. Additionally, we look at future intelligent flexible sensors. In proposing a comprehensive roadmap, we hope to steer research efforts towards common goals and to guide coordinated development strategies from disparate communities. Through such collaborative

关键词： soft materials mechanics engineering flexible electronics conformable sensors bioelectronics human-machine interfaces body area sensor networks technology translation sustainable electronics

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Amino acid-based bioanalogous polymers. Synthesis, and study of regular poly(ester amide)s based on bis(α-amino acid) α,ω-alkylene diesters, and aliphatic dicarboxylic acids

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Journal of Polymer Science 2000年第4期37卷

作者： R. Katsarava V. Beridze N. Arabuli D. Kharadze C. C. Chu C. Y. Won Centre for Medical Polymers and Biomaterials of Ministry of Health and Institute of Molecular Biology & Biophysics of Georgian Academy of Sciences P.O. Box 24 380079 Tbilisi-79 Georgia Fiber and Polymer Science Program Department of Textiles & Apparel & Biomedical Engineering Program Cornell University Ithaca New York 14853-4401

The purpose of this research was to synthesize new regular poly(ester amide)s (PEAs) consisting of nontoxic building blocks like hydrophobic α-amino acids, α,ω-diols, and aliphatic dicarboxylic acids, and to examine the effects of the structure of these building block components on some physico-chemical and biochemical properties of the polymers. PEAs were prepared by solution polycondensation of di- p -toluenesulfonic acid salts of bis-(α-amino acid) α,ω-alkylene diesters and di- p -nitrophenyl esters of diacids. Optimal conditions of this reaction have been studied. High molecular weight PEAs ( M w = 24,000–167,000) with narrow polydispersity ( M w / M n = 1.20–1.81) were prepared under the optimal reaction conditions and exhibited excellent film-forming properties. PEAs obtained are mostly amorphous materials with T g from 11 to 59°C. α-Chymotrypsin catalyzed in vitro hydrolysis of these new PEA substrates was studied to assess the effect of the building blocks of these new polymers on their biodegradation properties. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 37: 391–407, 1999

关键词： α-amino acids biodegradable polymers regular poly(ester amide)s α-chymotrypsinolysis

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Correlation between interfacial free energy and albumin adsorption in poly(acrylonitrile-acrylamide-acrylic acid) hydrogels

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JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE 1996年第12期59卷 1809-1817页

作者： Hu, DSG Tsai, CE Program in Polymers and Textiles Department of Textile Engnineering National Taiwan Institute of Technology Taipei Taiwan 10772 Republic of China

An investigation on the influence of chemical compositions and surface properties (e.g., surface free energy in air and hydrogel-water interfacial energy) on the adsorption of bovine serum albumin (BSA) at pH 7.4 on to a series of poly(acrylonitrile-acrylamide-acrylic acid) hydrogels was carried out. The interfacial energetics were determined from the contact angle data for air-gel and octane-gel in the water environment and the specific adsorption of BSA was determined with UV-VIS spectroscopy. It is shown that the higher contents of amide and acid groups in hydrogel bulk lead to the greater polar component of surface energy in air and the greater BSA adsorption in aqueous solutions. The BSA adsorption decreases with water amount in gels at lower amide/acid contents and increases at higher contents. The results imply that the interfacial interactions between the protein and the reorganized hydrogel interface in exposure with water, as well as the penetration of protein into pores of swollen gels, influence the BSA adsorption. (C) 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

关键词： Hydrogels

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THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STRUCTURE AND DEFORMATION-BEHAVIOR OF SULFONE polymers

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POLYMER ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE 1995年第6期35卷 499-505页

作者： CHIU, HT HWUNG, DS Research Program for Polymers and Textiles National Taiwan Institute of Technology Taipei Taiwan

The deformation of three types of sulfone polymers-polysulfone (PSF), poly(ether sulfone) (PESF), and polyarylsulfone (PASF)-was performed with a mechanical testing system (MTS). The result and samples were studied using a transmission electron microscope (TEM), a dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA), and a dielectric thermal analyzer (DETA). Stripes on TEM micrographs for small deformations increase with the fracture toughness (G(IC)). The activation energy (E(a)) of the alpha-transition was determined from DETA. The results show that both E(a) and TEM micrographs can be used to qualitatively estimate the order of G(Ic) of sulfone polymers. An energy model was proposed to explain this phenomenon.

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WATER-POLYMER INTERACTIONS AND CRITICAL PHENOMENA OF SWELLING IN INHOMOGENEOUS POLY(ACRYLONITRILE-ACRYLAMIDE-ACRYLIC ACID) GELS

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POLYMER 1994年第20期35卷 4416-4422页

作者： HU, DSG LIN, MTS Program in Polymers and Textiles Department of Textile Engineering National Taiwan Institute of Technology Taipei Taiwan 107 Republic of China

The water uptake and swelling behaviour of physically crosslinked, inhomogeneous poly(acrylonitrile-acrylamide-acrylic acid) hydrogels from 10 to 60 degrees C were determined by gravimetry/differential scanning calorimetry and volume measurement, respectively. The contents of water and its non-bound portion were found to reach a minimum value at acrylamide content around 33.5 mol%, at which the water uptake of this gel does not vary with the temperature. The non-bound water was found to decrease gradually and then increase with increasing amide concentration. The duration of the post-gelation treatment between -10 and 10 degrees C was also shown to be one of the factors affecting the extent of the water uptake in gels. The critical endpoint temperatures (T(c)s) of hydrogels, obtained from volume phase transition data upon changing the acetone concentration in aqueous solutions at various temperatures, were shown to decrease with the increasing acid or amide contents. The water uptake for gels with lower amide contents decreases with increasing temperature. However, there is an opposite trend for water uptake in gels with higher amide content, and the critical points on the plots of the amount of water uptake versus temperature appear at a temperature equal to T-c.

关键词： INHOMOGENEOUS HYDROGELS SWELLING PHASE TRANSITION

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SYNTHESIS AND DIELECTRIC CHARACTERIZATION OF POLY[ACRYLONITRILE-CO-ACRYLAMIDE-CO-(ACRYLIC ACID)] TERPOLYMER GELS

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MACROMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 1994年第11期195卷 3629-3642页

作者： HU, DSG LIN, YS Program in Polymers and Textiles Dept. of Textile Engineering National Taiwan Institute of Technology Taipei Taiwan 107 R. O. C

The acidic hydrolysis of polyacrylonitrile, stabilization and thermal gelation in mixed solvents were sequentially carried out to yield a variety of terpolymer gels made up of 58,5 to 89,4 mol-% units of acrylonitrile, 10,2 to 39,2 mol-% acrylamide and 0,4 to 2,3 mol-% acrylic acid. The post-hydrolysis stabilization at temperature below 0-degree-C was shown to induce chemical conversion from acrylonitrile to acrylamide, that is more pronounced for a certain range of initial acrylamide contents than others as evidenced by the kinetic analysis using H-1 NMR and base titration. The dielectric relaxation measurements on swollen gels show three relaxation transitions, alpha, beta and gamma in decreasing order of temperature, over -150 to 0-degree-C. The alpha-transition, due to the segmental motion of the polymer, is the least distinct of the three. The beta- and gamma-transitions in decreasing order of temperature are associated with the cooperative motion of polar groups with water and glass transition of water, respectively, as judged from the activation energy and temperature of relaxation. The beta-relaxation was shown to be strongly influenced by the type of swelling solvent in the gel, water contents and chemical composition of the gel. Furthermore, the Cole-Cole plots in the region of the beta-relaxation were constructed to demonstrate the role of morphology in the dielectric behaviour of hydrogels.

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THE PROCESSING AND MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES OF POLYPYRROLE POLYURETHANE ALLOY-FILMS

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JOURNAL OF APPLIED ELECTROCHEMISTRY 1992年第6期22卷 528-534页

作者： CHIU, HT LIN, JS HUANG, LT Research Program for Polymers and Textiles National Taiwan Institute of Technology Taipei Taiwan

Polymeric composites of polypyrrole/polyurethane (PPy/PU) were prepared by electrochemical polymerization. The resulting films had conductivities ranging from 10(-4) to 1 Scm-1, and showed significant improvement in their mechanical properties. By varying the conditions of polymerization, a range of mechanical, as well as electrical, properties could be obtained.

关键词： Composite Materials

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THE INFLUENCE OF DOPANT PERMEABILITY ON ELECTROCHROMIC PERFORMANCE OF POLYPYRROLE FILMS

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JOURNAL OF APPLIED ELECTROCHEMISTRY 1992年第6期22卷 522-527页

作者： CHIU, HT LIN, JS SHIAU, JN Research Program for Polymers and Textiles National Taiwan Institute of Technology Taipei Taiwan ROC

Detailed characteristics of the electrochromic performance of polypyrrole films under electrochemical doping and dedoping are studied. The response time for colour change in polypyrrole films depends on the dopant permeability. The change in film colour occurring in the redox reaction of the film is investigated in detail as a function of the dopant electrolyte solution and the thickness of the polypyrrole film. Three colour states for polypyrrole films are demonstrated: yellow green, dark brown, and blue.

关键词： Plastics Films

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ELECTROCHEMICAL DEPOSITION OF POLYPYRROLE ON CARBON-FIBERS FOR IMPROVED ADHESION TO THE EPOXY-RESIN MATRIX

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JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE 1992年第2期27卷 319-327页

作者： CHIU, HT LIN, JS Research Program for Polymers and Textiles National Taiwan Institute of Technology Taipei Taiwan

A method of improving the interfacial bonding between carbon fibre and epoxy resin matrix is developed in the case of continuous electrochemical deposition (ECD) of polypyrrole on carbon fibres. The ECD-treated carbon fibres are characterized by electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA), scanning electron microscope (SEM), porous structure analysis and wettability measurements. Furthermore, mechanical evaluation is used to assess the macro-interfacial bonding capability of carbon fibre/epoxy resin composites. It is shown that there is a good interfacial bonding between ECD-treated carbon fibres and the epoxy resin. On the other hand, we also postulate the structure of polypyrrole-coated fibre to explain the bonding mechanism of carbon fibre/epoxy resin composites.

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