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IEEE Transactions on technology and society 2024年第2期5卷 183-190页

作者： Birch, Kean Marquis, Sarah Cavalcante Silva, Guilherme York University Institute for Technoscience and Society TorontoONM3J 1P3 Canada University of Ottawa Centre for Law Technology and Society OttawaONK1H 8M5 Canada York University Graduate Program in Science and Technology Studies TorontoONM3J 1P3 Canada

Digital personal data are increasingly understood as a key asset in our digital economies. But how should we value such data? Numerous policymakers, regulators, and stakeholders are trying to work out how to manage the collection, use, and valuation of data in order to balance the advantages and disadvantages of its collection and use. The negative implications of data practices may include privacy loss, data breaches, or declining market competition, while social and economic benefits include improved service delivery, more efficient welfare systems, or better products. Increasingly, data are conceptualized as an asset. To understand the value of data as an asset means understanding how data are configured as an asset;data value does not reflect ownership and property rights per se, but rather diverse modes of access and use restrictions (usually delineated by opaque contractual agreements). Data are increasingly controlled by a few, large digital technology firms, especially so-called 'Big Tech' firms. In this paper, we use Google as a case study of how Big Tech firms configure and value digital data as an asset. We analyse how Google understands, frames, values, and monetizes the data they collect from users. We qualitatively analyse an extensive dataset of financial documentary materials produced by and about Google to identify the different modes of access and use restrictions that Google deploys to turn digital data into a valuable asset. We conclude that, despite being highly ambiguous, Google's approach to data value focuses on monetizing users. © 2024 The Authors.

关键词： Data privacy

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Space as a Zone of Peace: Envisioning a Resolution for the Demilitarization of Outer Space 22

Space as a Zone of Peace: Envisioning a Resolution for the D...

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22nd IAA Symposium on Security, Stability and Sustainability of Space Activities at the 75th International Astronautical Congress, IAC 2024

作者： El-Shawa, Sahba Link, A.J. Rotola, Giuliana Palestine Space Institute Palestine Department of Science Technology and Society PhD SDC Program IUSS Pavia Italy Howard University School of Law WashingtonDC United States Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies Pisa Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9798331312374

The Outer Space Treaty of 1967, which forms the basis of international space law, prohibits the placement of nuclear weapons and weapons of mass destruction in space and limits the use of the Moon and other celestial bodies to peaceful purposes. Despite these provisions, the treaty does not prohibit the placement of conventional weapons in orbit, and the potential for space to become weaponized remains a significant concern. Recent advancements in space technology and the increasing capabilities of various nations to operate in space have brought the issue to the forefront of international discussions. The development of anti-satellite weapons, the militarization of space infrastructure, and the potential deployment of weaponized platforms in orbit are developments that necessitate a reevaluation of existing treaties and the formulation of new agreements to ensure space remains a zone of peace. Acknowledging that the ideal solution - a new comprehensive treaty - presents significant diplomatic and practical challenges, this project adopts a pragmatic approach. It aims to lay the groundwork for such an ambitious goal through incremental steps, beginning, as an example, with developing a draft resolution. This initial step is envisioned as a catalyst for international dialogue and cooperation, setting the stage for more extensive agreements in the future. By focusing on achievable milestones, such as consensus-building activities, confidence-building measures, and the establishment of a common understanding of the importance of space for humanity's collective future, this project seeks to navigate the complex political and technical terrain towards the ultimate objective of a demilitarized outer space. Copyright © 2024 by Ms. Sahba El-Shawa.

关键词： Orbits

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Synergistic sodium alginate- and biochar-immobilized cells for enhancing fermentative hydrogen production from food waste

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Environmental science and Pollution Research 2024年第56期31卷 64524-64533页

作者： Ngamnurak, Phonsini Plangklang, Pensri Pomdaeng, Prakaidao Ko, Ting-Wu Reungsang, Alissara Chu, Chen-Yeon Graduate School Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen40002 Thailand Department of Biology Technology Faculty of Technology Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen40002 Thailand Research Group for Development of Microbial Hydrogen Production Process From Biomass Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen40002 Thailand Institute of Green Products Feng Chia University Taichung Taiwan Ph.D. Program of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering Feng Chia University Taichung Taiwan Master’s Program of Green Energy Science and Technology Feng Chia University Taichung Taiwan Academy of Science Royal Society of Thailand Bangkok10300 Thailand

An immobilized hydrogen-producing consortium investigated biohydrogen production from food waste using a combination of sodium alginate and cassava rhizome biochar. We investigated the effect of varying the biochar concentration from 0 to 3% and the size of immobilized cells from 1 to 7 mm. Immobilized cells were prepared using 50% (v/v) enriched hydrogen-producing consortium, 2% (w/v) sodium alginate, and 0 to 3% (w/v) cassava rhizome biochar. The optimal conditions for achieving the highest hydrogen production in the batch fermentation reactor were identified as a biochar concentration of 2% (w/v) and an immobilized cell size of 2 mm. The highest hydrogen yield, maximum hydrogen production rate, and lag time recorded were 0.69 mmol H2/g-COD, 0.02 mmol H2/g-COD.h, and 41.51 h, respectively. This research highlights the potential of cassava biochar technology for efficient biohydrogen production from food waste, contributing to renewable energy generation and sustainable waste management. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Anaerobic digestion

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Review of Lithium Extraction Suitable for Indonesia Geothermal Brine

Review of Lithium Extraction Suitable for Indonesia Geotherm...

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2024 Geothermal Rising Conference: Using the Earth to Save the Earth

作者： Suud, Esty Mustika Suryantini Lubis, Herbert Geothermal Master Program Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering ITB Bandung Indonesia Applied Geology Research Group Faculty of Earth Science and Technology ITB Bandung Indonesia Alumnus Sarulla Geothermal Project Indonesia Renewable Energy Society Indonesia

ISBN: (纸本)0934412308

Lithium is the cornerstone of energy transition for Indonesia to achieve Net Zero Emissions by 2060 or earlier. This energy transition will drive the Indonesia demand projection for Electric Vehicle Battery and Energy Storage System and in turn will demand much more lithium for this transition effort. Many studies have been conducted to find the sources of lithium, one of them is geothermal brine. Indonesia has enormous geothermal resources, some fields have lithium content that can potentially be extracted. Various methods in the extraction process of lithium from the geothermal brine have been developed, both on laboratory and pilot projects. The geothermal brine is typically pumped to the surface by a geothermal power plant, used for energy generation, and then returned to the underground reservoir via an injection well. Prior to reinjection the geothermal brines contain in the temporary ponds whereas the lithium extraction points may occur here or at any point suitable for the extraction technology. Typically there are three phases in the lithium extraction, like end- to-end process technology solutions, namely 1) Lithium Brine Extraction-depending on the geothermal brines field compositions, pre-treatment may be employed to remove any contaminants or unwanted constituents from the brines, then selective absorbents are used to separate lithium from other elements 2) Concentration with membrane system to concentrate lithium at a desired concentration 3) Deposition using chemical precipitation and purification for saleable lithium production. This paper reviews traditional brine extraction and direct lithium extraction (DLE) in general and specifically in geothermal brine. The study is based on a desktop study and aims to summarize the knowledge, method, technology, and techniques of lithium extraction from geothermal brine that has already been used and to find out which extraction method is suitable for the Indonesian geothermal field. Our finding indicates the

关键词： Reverse osmosis

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Bugs in My Basement Freezer And Other COVID-Conscious Changes to Pollinator Field Research

TR News

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TR News 2023年第344期 13-15页

作者： Whitney, Kaitlin Stack The Department of Science Technology and Society The College of Liberal Arts and Extended Program Faculty in Environmental Science The College of Science The Rochester Institute of Technology New York United States

Native plants like common milkweed provide a natural habitat for wildlife and pollinators along this segment of the New York State Thruway that is on a reduced mowing schedule. This statewide research project is looking at how—and how much—mowing impacts pollinators. © 2023 National Academy of sciences. All rights reserved.

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Patent Politics: Life Forms, Markets, and the Public Interest in the United States and Europe

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History: Reviews of New Books 2021年第5期49卷 126-128页

作者： Robin Wolfe Scheffler MIT Program in Science Technology and Society

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size

关键词： Patent United States Public interest Europe Market

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The Second Workshop on Child-Centered AI Design (CCAI)

The Second Workshop on Child-Centered AI Design (CCAI)

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2024 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Sytems, CHI EA 2024

作者： Atabey, Ayça Wang, Ge Johnston, Samantha-Kaye Lin, Grace C. Wilson, Cara Urquhart, Lachlan D Zhao, Jun School of Law Centre for Data Culture & Society University of Edinburgh United Kingdom Department of Computer Science University of Oxford United Kingdom Scheller Teacher Education Program - the Education Arcade The Massachusetts Institute of Technology United States Centre for Research in Digital Education University of Edinburgh United Kingdom Edinburgh Law School University of Edinburgh United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9798400703317

AI-powered solutions are increasingly woven into the fabric of children's digital worlds. They're found in interactive toys, home automation systems, everyday apps, and various online services that young users engage with. As we look ahead, it's almost certain that the prevalence of AI in tools and platforms designed for kids will grow, given AI's ability to offer rich, tailored, and dynamic experiences. However, the nuances of how these AI-centric platforms cater to children and how they can be optimized to meet the unique needs of younger users remain largely underexplored. Building on the momentum from our inaugural CCAI workshop at CHI 2023, our aspirations for this year's workshop include: (1) deepening the discourse on the essence of AI that prioritizes children, (2) focusing on actionable ethical strategies to operationalise child-centered AI design principles into practice, and (3) cultivating an ever-growing collective of professionals passionate about the future of child-focused AI innovations. © 2024 Owner/Author.

关键词： Automation

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Fabrication of fluoroalkylsilane/zeolitic imidazolate framework composites for highly efficient superhydrophobic coating

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Carbon Resources Conversion 2022年第1期5卷 26-34页

作者： Preyaphan Kheaw-in Chanatip Samart Narong Chanlek Phakkhananan Pakawanit Prasert Reubroycharoen Guoqing Guan Suwadee Kongparakul Suda Kiatkamjornwong Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science and TechnologyThammasat UniversityPathumthani 12120Thailand Bioenergy and Biochemical Refinery Technology Program Faculty of Science and TechnologyThammasat University12120Thailand Synchrotron Light Research Institute(Public Organization) 111 University AvenueMuang DistrictNakhon Ratchasima 30000Thailand Department of Chemical Technology Faculty of ScienceChulalongkorn University254 Phyathai RoadWangmaiPatumwanBangkok 10330Thailand Institute of Regional Innovation Hirosaki UniversityAomori 030-0813Japan Office of University Research Affairs Chulalongkorn University254 Phyathai RoadWangmaiPatumwanBangkok 10330Thailand FRST Academy of ScienceOffice of the Royal SocietySanam Suea PaKhet DusitBangkok 10300Thailand

Superhydrophobic bagasse paper was successfully engineered by facile spray coating with a zeolitic imidazolate framework composite modified by 3,3,3-trifluoropropyltrimethoxysilane(FAS)and used as a filter membrane with special wettability for oil/water *** characteristics such as surface morphology,surface moieties,roughness,and wettability were *** addition of FAS decreased the apparent surface energy between solid surfaces and liquids with a polar contribution of surface free energy as low as 0 mN m−*** formation of the FAS layer was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy core-level ***-dimensional surface topography revealed an increase in the spray coating cycle that enhanced the hydrophobicity of the coated *** results confirmed that not only microstructures but also the presence of functional groups with low surface energy(such as FAS)can promote surface *** spray-coated paper with FAS/ZIF in the presence of a small amount of nanocellulose provided a superhydrophobic surface after the first spray *** separation efficiency was up to 85%and was slightly affected by oil ***,this can be used as a filter membrane for water-in-oil *** the present work,simple spray-coated paper is a promising candidate material for gravity-driven oil/water separation and water repellent coating.

关键词： Superhydrophobic surface Spray-coating Zeolitic imidazolate framework Oil/water separation

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Navigating Legal Frameworks for National Resilience: A Comparative Analysis of Key Disaster Management Laws in Thailand and Japan

Navigating Legal Frameworks for National Resilience: A Compa...

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First International Symposium on Instrumentation, Control, Artificial Intelligence, and Robotics (ICA-SYMP)

作者： Ampan Laosunthara Ratchaneekorn Thongthip Kodchakorn Krutphong School of Environment and Society Institute of Science Tokyo Tokyo Japan Department of Civil & Infrastructure Engineering Disaster Preparedness Mitigation and Management School of Engineering and Technology Asian Institute of Technology (AIT) Pathumthani Thailand Environmental Engineering and Disaster Management Program Mahidol University Kanchanaburi Thailand

ISBN: (数字)9798331505400

ISBN: (纸本)9798331505417

This study compares the disaster management laws of Thailand and Japan. The research reveals significant differences in legislative approaches, reflecting each country's unique historical, and governance contexts. Japan's law demonstrates a more comprehensive approach to the disaster management cycle and stakeholder involvement, with integrated financial provisions. Thailand's law emphasizes organizational aspects. Both prioritize response measures but show potential gaps in addressing preparedness and mitigation phases. The study identifies areas for further investigation, including financial measures, and international cooperation approaches. This comparative analysis offers valuable insights into both countries' ongoing development of disaster management systems and highlights potential areas for mutual learning and improvement in disaster risk reduction strategies. Creating resilience in the society through the core of the government working and stakeholders' given authorities.

关键词： Phase measurement Law Prevention and mitigation Disasters Area measurement Legislation Frequency measurement Stakeholders Robots Resilience

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Child-Centred AI Design: Definition, Operation, and Considerations

Child-Centred AI Design: Definition, Operation, and Consider...

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Extended Abstracts of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI EA 2023

作者： Wang, Ge Sun, Kaiwen Atabey, Ayça Pothong, Kruakae Lin, Grace C. Zhao, Jun Yip, Jason Department of Computer Science University of Oxford United Kingdom School of Information University of Michigan United States School of Law Centre for Data Culture & Society University of Edinburgh United Kingdom Department of Media and Communications The London School of Economics and Political Science 5Rights Foundation United Kingdom Scheller Teacher Education Program The Education Arcade The Massachusetts Institute of Technology United States Information School University of Washington United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781450394222

AI systems and related algorithms are starting to play a variety of roles in the digital ecosystems of children - being embedded in the connected toys, smart home IoT technologies, apps, and services they interact with on a daily basis. Going forward, AI systems will, in all likelihood, become even more pervasive in children's applications simply due to their sheer usefulness in creating compelling, adaptive, and personal user experiences. Yet, understanding the ways that AI-driven systems used by children operate, and how AI could be designed to better anticipate and respond to children's diverse requirements is still a new and emerging area of investigation. Our goals of this workshop are to (1) extend the current critically constructive dialogue around the meaning of child-centred AI design and (2) explore ways to operationalise such child-centred AI design in practice, and finally (3) further expand and foster a community for those who are interested in designing and developing child-centred AI systems. © 2023 Owner/Author.

关键词： Automation

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