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Species composition, seasonality and biological characteristics of Western Ghana's elasmobranch fishery

Regional Studies in Marine science 2022年 52卷

作者： Seidu, Issah van Beuningen, David Brobbey, Lawrence K. Danquah, Emmanuel Oppong, Samuel K. Séret, Bernard Department of Wildlife and Range Management Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana AquaLife Conservancy P.O. Box SN 228 Santasi- Kumasi Ghana Western Indian Ocean Shark and Ray Conservation Program Wildlife Conservation Society New York United States Department of Silviculture and Forest Management Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana Ichtyo-Consult 6 bis rue de Centre Igny 91430 France

Despite the fact that elasmobranchs are now targeted in artisanal fisheries in the wake of continuous declines of teleosts in Ghana, data on any aspects of these fisheries are poor. This study aims to document the spatial and temporal variation, and biological composition of elasmobranchs in five key elasmobranch-dominated fishing communities in Western Ghana, which include Adjoa, Axim, Busua, Dixcove and Shama. A total of 2157 elasmobranchs comprising 1414 sharks and 743 rays, belonging to 34 species in 15 families, were recorded over the course of 9 months. Prionace glauca (81.2%) and Raja parva (29.3%) were the dominant shark and ray species, respectively. Shama had the highest mean shark catch (33.3 ± S.D 29.7), followed by Dixcove (19.1 ± 14.7) and Axim (18.2 ± 12.4). However, Axim exhibited the greatest mean ray catch (25.8 ± 10.6), followed by Adjoa (10.9 ± 3.8) and Busua (9.6 ± 5.4). The greatest relative catch and species richness for all the sites was documented in the minor rainy season (August to November). Sexual segregation was typical among most of the common elasmobranch species landed. This study serves as a baseline for monitoring future changes in the artisanal shark and ray fisheries in Western Ghana. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Conservation Ghana Ray Sex ratio Sharks Size structure

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One City, Two Tales: Using Mobility Networks to Understand Neighborhood Resilience and Fragility during the COVID-19 Pandemic

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Boz, Hasan Alp Bahrami, Mohsen Balcisoy, Selim Bozkaya, Burcin Mazar, Nina Nichols, Aaron Pentland, Alex Sabanci University Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences Istanbul34956 Turkey Massachusetts Institute of Technology Institute for Data Systems and Society CambridgeMA02139 United States New College of Florida The Graduate Program in Applied Data Science 5800 Bay Shore Rd SarasotaFL34243 United States Boston University Questrom School of Business BostonMA02215 United States

What predicts a neighborhood’s resilience and adaptability to essential public health policies and shelter-in-place regulations that prevent the harmful spread of COVID-19? To answer this question, in this paper we present a novel application of human mobility patterns and human behavior in a network setting. We analyze mobility data in New York City over two years, from January 2019 to December 2020, and create weekly mobility networks between Census Block Groups by aggregating Point of Interest level visit patterns. Our results suggest that both the socioeconomic and geographic attributes of neighborhoods significantly predict neighborhood adaptability to the shelter-in-place policies active at that time. That is, our findings and simulation results reveal that in addition to factors such as race, education, and income, geographical attributes such as access to amenities in a neighborhood that satisfy community needs were equally important factors for predicting neighborhood adaptability and the spread of COVID-19. The results of our study provide insights that can enhance urban planning strategies that contribute to pandemic alleviation efforts, which in turn may help urban areas become more resilient to exogenous shocks such as the COVID-19 pandemic. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： COVID-19

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Crafting a culture of secrecy

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science 2021年第6540期372卷 351页

作者： Kate Brown The reviewer is at the Program in Science Technology and Society Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA.

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Label-free and compact approach for bacterial detection in beverages using a dielectrophoresis-integrated 65-GHz inductor-capacitor-oscillator array sensor chip¹

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Food Bioscience 2025年 69卷

作者： Chen, Siyao Yamashige, Yoshihisa Kondo, Naoshi Shiraga, Keiichiro Ogawa, Yuichi of Agriculture Kyoto University Kitashirakawa-oiwake Sakyo Kyoto 606-8502 Japan Distinguished Doctoral Program of Platforms (WISE) Kyoto University Yoshida-honmachi Sakyo Kyoto 606-8501 Japan Research Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Kojimachi Business Center Building 5-3-1 Kojimachi Chiyoda Tokyo 102-0083 Japan Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO) Japan Science and Technology Agency Kawaguchi 332-0012 Japan

Food safety remains a critical concern, with bacterial contamination in beverages posing significant health risks due to rapid bacterial proliferation. Traditional bacterial detection methods, such as plate culture, require days of cultivation, while molecular and optical techniques demand complex pretreatment and specialized equipment, limiting their practicality for routine food inspection. To address these challenges, we developed a rapid, label-free bacterial detection method using a dielectrophoresis (DEP)-integrated 65-GHz inductor-capacitor (LC) oscillator array sensor chip. The sensor chip, fabricated using 65 nm CMOS technology, consists of 1488 sensor elements arranged in a zigzag pattern, each incorporating 5-μm DEP electrodes and a 50-μm LC oscillator. The set up allows for distributed bacterial collection and measurement. We evaluated the sensor's DEP collection patterns for Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, optimizing conditions for E. coli detection in various beverage matrices, including mineral water, green tea, and bovine milk. The method achieved detection limits of 1.3 × 10⁵ bacterial cells/mL in mineral water and green tea and 5.4 × 10⁶ cells/mL in bovine milk, with an enrichment rate reaching up to 20-fold. The entire detection process was completed within 30 min without the need for pretreatment, external analyzers, or temperature control. Overall, we demonstrated the utility of our simplified and cost-effective bacterial detection technique that enables efficient separation and enrichment of bacteria from food matrices. The sensor's compact design, reusability, and speed make it well-suited for on-site industrial food safety inspections, laying the groundwork for further improvements in real-world applications. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Bacterial detection Beverage inspection Dielectrophoresis Food safety LC oscillator

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Entropic Herding

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Yamashita, Hiroshi Suzuki, Hideyuki Aihara, Kazuyuki Intelligent Mobility Society Design Social Cooperation Program Graduate School of Information Science and Technology the University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo Japan Graduate School of Information Science and Technology Osaka University 1-5 Yamadaoka Suita-shi Osaka Japan International Research Center for Neurointelligence the University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo Japan

Herding is a deterministic algorithm used to generate data points that can be regarded as random samples satisfying input moment conditions. The algorithm is based on the complex behavior of a high-dimensional dynamical system and is inspired by the maximum entropy principle of statistical inference. In this paper, we propose an extension of the herding algorithm, called entropic herding, which generates a sequence of distributions instead of points. Entropic herding is derived as the optimization of the target function obtained from the maximum entropy principle. Using the proposed entropic herding algorithm as a framework, we discuss a closer connection between herding and the maximum entropy principle. Specifically, we interpret the original herding algorithm as a tractable version of entropic herding, the ideal output distribution of which is mathematically represented. We further discuss how the complex behavior of the herding algorithm contributes to optimization. We argue that the proposed entropic herding algorithm extends the application of herding to probabilistic modeling. In contrast to original herding, entropic herding can generate a smooth distribution such that both efficient probability density calculation and sample generation become possible. To demonstrate the viability of these arguments in this study, numerical experiments were conducted, including a comparison with other conventional methods, on both synthetic and real data. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Dynamical systems

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The numbers of fungi:are the most speciose genera truly diverse?

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Fungal Diversity 2022年第3期114卷 387-462页

作者： Chitrabhanu S.Bhunjun Tuula Niskanen Nakarin Suwannarach Nopparat Wannathes Yi-Jyun Chen Eric H.C.McKenzie Sajeewa S.N.Maharachchikumbura Bart Buyck Chang-Lin Zhao Yu-Guang Fan Jing-Yi Zhang Asha J.Dissanayake Diana S.Marasinghe Ruvishika S.Jayawardena Jaturong Kumla Mahajabeen Padamsee Ya-Ya Chen Kare Liimatainen Joseph F.Ammirati Chayanard Phukhamsakda Jian-Kui Liu Wiphawanee Phonrob Émile Randrianjohany Sinang Hongsanan Ratchadawan Cheewangkoon Digvijayini Bundhun Surapong Khuna Wen-Jie Yu Lun-Sha Deng Yong-Zhong Lu Kevin D.Hyde Saisamorn Lumyong Center of Excellence in Fungal Research Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand School of Science Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand Jodrell Laboratory Royal Botanic GardensKewSurrey TW93ABUK Department of Biology Faculty of ScienceChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai 50200Thailand Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization Chiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai 50200Thailand Microbiology Program Faculty of Science and TechnologyPibulsongkram Rajabhat UniversityPhitsanulok 65000Thailand Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research Private Mail Bag 92170AucklandNew Zealand School of Life Science and Technology University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 611731People’s Republic of China Institut de Systématique EvolutionBiodiversité(ISYEB)Muséum National d’Histoire naturelleCNRSSorbonne UniversitéEPHEUniversitédes Antilles57 rue CuvierCP 3975231 Paris cedex 05France College of Biodiversity Conservation Southwest Forestry UniversityKunming 650224People’s Republic of China Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education Tropical Environment and Health LaboratoryCollege of PharmacyHainan Medical UniversityHaikou 571199People’s Republic of China Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources Guizhou Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuiyang 550006People’s Republic of China Guizhou Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology Guizhou Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuiyang 550006People’s Republic of China School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering Guizhou Institute of TechnologyGuiyang 550003People’s Republic of China Centre National de Recherche sur l’Environnement(CNRE) BP 1739Laboratoire de Microbiologie de l’Environnement(LME)AntananarivoMadagascar Department of Biology University of WashingtonBox 351800SeattleWA 98195-1800USA College of Plant Protection Jilin Agricultural UniversityChangchun 130118JilinPeople’s Republic of China Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and

Fungi play vital roles in ecosystems as endophytes,pathogens and *** current estimate of fungal diversity is highly uncertain,ranging from 1.5 to 12 million,but only around 150,000 species have been named and classified to *** the introduction of DNA based methods for species identification,the number of newly described taxa has increased from approximately 1000 to around 2000 *** demonstrates the importance of DNA based methods to identify and distin-guish species,especially cryptic *** novel species from recent studies have been found in historically understudied regions and habitats,but these still represent only a small percentage of the estimated *** this paper,we examine 16 genera from the top 40 most speciose genera as listed in Species Fungorum as case studies to examine the diversity of taxa in each *** genera treated herein are Cercospora,Diaporthe,Meliola,Passalora,Phyllachora,Phyllosticta,Pseudocer-cospora,Ramularia(ascomycetes)and Cortinarius,Entoloma,Inocybe,Marasmius,Psathyrella,Puccinia,Russula,Uromyces(basidiomycetes).We critically evaluate the number of species in these genera and correlate these numbers with the number of entries in *** introduce 18 new species Apiospora multiloculata,Candolleomyces thailandensis,Cortinarius acutoproximus,Cortinarius melleoalbus,Cortinarius pacificus,Cortinarius parvoacetosus,Diaporthe guizhouensis,Entoloma pseudosubcorvinum,Inocybe meirensongia,Marasmius albulus,Marasmius obscuroaurantiacus,Meliola camporesii,Phyl-lachora siamensis,Phyllosticta doitungensis,Picipes yuxiensis,Pseudocercospora vignae,Puccinia maureanui and Russula *** also introduce a new record of Candolleomyces cladii-marisci and Inocybe *** discuss the genera Colletotrichum and Pleurotus that are speciose,but do not occur in the top *** hypothesize whether there might be more species in these genera and discuss why these genera have some of the largest number of specie

关键词： 18 new taxa Ascomycota Basidiomycota Fungal diversity Host-specificity Taxonomy

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The Price for Blowing the Whistle when Facing Ethical Dilemmas

The Price for Blowing the Whistle when Facing Ethical Dilemm...

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International Symposium on technology and society (ISTAS)

作者： Subrata Ghoshroy Program in Science Technology and Society Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge United States of America

Many engineers and scientists join the defense sector, because it offers well-paying opportunities to work on challenging technical problems. However, some face ethical dilemmas about the nature of their work and its end use. Examples range from the Manhattan Project that developed the atom bomb during World War II, to the more recent Project Maven at Google that used artificial intelligence for combat drones. In both of these cases, several project participants questioned the morality of their work. The problem in most cases is that individuals have to make difficult choices alone when facing an ethical dilemma. There is very little choice in finding alternative work since defense organizations do not typically have nondefense projects. This paper narrates two case studies drawing on the author's own experience working on the Pentagon's missile defense program. The first relates to author's experience in a laser weapon program and the second, as an investigator for the US Government Accountability Office. The research methodology is strictly narrative. It describes the author's efforts to bring to light the ethical lapses and the lessons learned.

关键词： Missiles Research and development Government Ethics Laboratories Defense industry

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Phage therapy

NATURE REVIEWS METHODS PRIMERS

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NATURE REVIEWS METHODS PRIMERS 2025年第1期5卷 1页

作者： [Anonymous] Human Microbiome Research Program Department of Bacteriology and Immunology Faculty of Medicine University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) Study Group for Non-traditional Antibacterial Therapy (ESGNTA) Basel Switzerland Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research (IBOR) Faculty of Dental Medicine Hebrew University of Jerusaleum Jerusalem Israel The Israeli Phage Center (IPTC) of the Hebrew University and Hadassah Medical Center Jerusalem Israel Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Hadassah–Hebrew University Medical Center Jerusalem Jerusalem Israel Laboratory of Gene Technology Department of Biosystems KU Leuven Leuven Belgium Leicester Centre for Phage Research Department of Genetics and Genome Biology University of Leicester Leicester UK Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics Globe Institute University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark Centre of Excellence for Omics-Driven Computational Biodiscovery (COMBio) AIMST University Bedong Kedah Malaysia Laboratory of Phage Molecular Biology Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy Wrocław Poland Wrocław University of Science and Technology Faculty of Medicine Wrocław Poland Department of Biological Sciences University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA USA Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Technology Queen Astrid Military Hospital Brussels Belgium Department of Biological and Environmental Science Nanoscience Center University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylä Finland Chemical Engineering Department Loughborough University Loughborough UK

Bacteriophage (phages) are viruses that exclusively use bacterial cells for propagation, killing the bacterial host in the process. In phage therapy, phages are used to reduce bacterial numbers, thereby curing bacterial infections. Although this principle is conceptually straightforward, its practical application faces several hurdles. In this Primer, the practical aspects of phage therapy are outlined. We introduce the microbiological methods used to prepare and characterize phages and elucidate their interactions with bacteria. The discussion covers how the information in complete phage genome sequences is used, along with how RNA sequencing can enhance our understanding of phage biology. Selection parameters for therapeutic phages for clinical applications and key elements in industrial-scale phage production are provided. A summary of clinical trials both past and present, phage administration and dosing issues is analysed, as well as limitations associated with phage therapy and mitigation strategies. Finally, we speculate on the future of phage therapy.

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Cooling-induced changes in intracellular hydrogen peroxide and gene expression in mouse skeletal muscle in vivo

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American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology 2025年第6期328卷 2025 May 7页

作者： Ryotaro Kano Reo Takeda Yuta Sotani Ryo Takagi Ayaka Tabuchi Hideki Shirakawa David C Poole Yutaka Kano Daisuke Hoshino Department of Engineering Science Bioscience and Technology Program University of Electro-Communications Chofu Tokyo Japan. Research Fellowship for Young Scientists Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Chiyoda Tokyo Japan. Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan. Department of Physical Therapy Showa University School of Nursing and Rehabilitation Sciences Kanagawa Japan. Departments of Anatomy & Physiology and Kinesiology Kansas State University Manhattan Kansas U.S.A.

Changes in intracellular hydrogen peroxide concentration ([HO]) constitute an important signal controlling cellular adaptations. In response to cooling, decreases in [HO] and changes in antioxidant-related gene expression have been observed in skeletal muscle. However, the specific temperature dependence of cooling-induced [HO] changes and their quantitative relationship to induced gene expression are unknown. This investigation tested the hypothesis that differences in muscle cytosolic and mitochondrial [HO] changes during cooling/rewarming determine the pattern of HO-related gene expression. HO-sensitive cytosolic (HyPer7) and mitochondrial (MLS-HyPer7) fluorescent proteins were expressed into tibialis anterior (TA) muscle of male C57BL/6J mice. The temperature dependence of [HO] was determined via in vivo imaging during 3-minute cooling protocol from 35°C to 0°C. Two cooling patterns (6 bouts of intermittent cooling, I-Cool vs. sustained cooling, S-Cool; both to 13°C) were applied over 60 min. Three hours after cooling, the muscles were removed and gene expression was evaluated using real-time PCR. The decrease in [HO] was observed in both cytosolic and mitochondrial compartments from 35°C to 13°C, but was of greater magnitude in the cytosol; in contrast, further cooling from 12°C to 0°C induced a rebound increase especially in cytosolic [HO]. I-Cool increased the mRNA level of Nrf2 (+15%, p < 0.001). S-Cool decreased the mRNA levels of Sod2, Cat, and Ucp3 (i.e., -20%, -23%, and -30%, respectively, p<0.05). In conclusion, the greatest decrease in temperature-dependent [HO] occurred at 13°C in the cytosolic and mitochondrial compartments of muscle fibers and I-Cool increased Nrf2 mRNA expression, while S-Cool decreased several antioxidant-related genes.

关键词： ROS cooling cytosol gene expression mitochondria

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The evaluation of an on-site monitoring program for activity meter quality assurance with exemption-level sources

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Journal of Radiological Protection 2023年第2期43卷 021508-021508页

作者： Feng, Chen-Ju Wu, Chin-Hui Lin, Chin-Hsiung Yuan, Ming-Chen Lee, Shen-Hao Huang, David YC Lin, Jo-Yu Chen, Ying-Fang Hsu, Shih-Ming Medical Physics and Radiation Measurements Laboratory National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei Taiwan Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei Taiwan Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences Tzu-Chi University of Science and Technology Hualien Taiwan Department of Medical Physics Koo Foundation Sun Yat-Sen Cancer Center Taipei Taiwan Health Physics Division Institute of Nuclear Energy Research Taoyuan City Taiwan Department of Radiation Oncology Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Taoyuan City Taiwan Chinese Society of Medical Physics Taipei Taiwan Medical Physics Graduate Program Duke Kunshan University Jiangsu Kunshan China

This paper discusses the feasibility of a monitoring program for the quality assurance status of activity meters. We sent a questionnaire to clinical nuclear medicine departments of medical institutions, requesting information on their activity meters and quality assurance practices. On-site visits were conducted with exemption-level standard sources (Co-57, Cs-137 and Ba-133) for dose calibrators in nuclear medicine departments including physical inspection, accuracy and reproducibility. A method offering a quick check on the detection efficiency of the space dimension inside the activity meters was also introduced. For dose calibrator quality assurance, the daily checks had the highest implementation. However, annual checks and upon acceptance/after a repair check were reduced to 50% and 44%, respectively. The accuracy results of dose calibrators showed that all models exceeded the ±10% criteria with Co-57 and Cs-137 sources. The reproducibility results showed that some models exceeded the ±5% criteria with Co-57 and Cs-137 sources. The appropriate application of exemption-level standard sources considering the uncertainty that affects the measurement is discussed. © 2023 society for Radiological Protection. Published on behalf of SRP by IOP Publishing Limited. All rights reserved.

关键词： Quality assurance

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