The ways in which the various activities of synthetic biology connect to those of conventional biology display both a multiplicity and variety that reflect the multiplicity and variety of meanings for which the term s...
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Background: This study examines colistin resistance in Gram-negative bacteria in Egypt, analyzing prevalence, trends, geographic variations, colistin-carbapenem resistance correlation, and mcr-mediated plasmid resista...
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Background: This study examines colistin resistance in Gram-negative bacteria in Egypt, analyzing prevalence, trends, geographic variations, colistin-carbapenem resistance correlation, and mcr-mediated plasmid resistance. Methods: We conducted a systematic search of articles published between 2014 and 2024 that reported on colistin or mcr-mediated resistance in Gram-negative bacteria isolated from human infections in Egypt, with clearly defined susceptibility testing methods. A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted to estimate colistin resistance prevalence based on broth microdilution (BMD) findings, the gold standard method. To explore the influence of study-level factors—including alternative susceptibility testing methods—a multivariate meta-regression analysis was performed. The results of the meta-regression are reported as regression coefficients (β), representing the difference in colistin resistance, expressed in percentage points. All statistical analyses were conducted using R software. Results: This analysis included 55 studies. Based on BMD susceptibility testing, colistin resistance was observed in 9% of all recovered Gram-negative isolates (95% CI: 6–14%) and was significantly higher among carbapenem-resistant isolates (31%, 95% CI: 25–38%), with p < 0.001. Multivariate meta-regression analysis further confirmed that colistin resistance was significantly higher in carbapenem-resistant isolates compared to the total recovered isolates (β = 9.8% points, p = 0.001). Additionally, colistin resistance has significantly increased over time, with a β = 1.8% points per year (p = 0.001). The use of the VITEK 2 system was associated with lower detected colistin resistance compared to BMD (β = -7.0, p = 0.02). Geographically, resistance rates were higher in Upper Egypt (β = 9.3, p = 0.04). Regarding mcr plasmid-mediated resistance, mcr-1 was the most prevalent resistance gene, particularly in E. coli. In contrast, mcr-2 was rare, detected sporadically in K.
The Royal society of London held a scientific meeting in September 2000 focusing on two theories of the origin of AIDS: one, that it occurred through "natural transfer" of immunodeficiency virus from monkeys...
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The Royal society of London held a scientific meeting in September 2000 focusing on two theories of the origin of AIDS: one, that it occurred through "natural transfer" of immunodeficiency virus from monkeys or chimpanzees to humans;and the other, that it occurred through iatrogenic transfer via contaminated polio vaccines used in Africa in the late 1950s. This meeting was the culmination of years of public contention over the polio-vaccine theory. Several dimensions of the politics of science are revealed by analysis of this issue, including the power of scientific editors, the use of the mass media, decisions regarding selection of speakers and organization of the meeting, and epistemological assumptions made by participants.
This article considers the roles played by brain images (e.g., from PET scans) in mass media as experienced by people suffering from mental illness, and as used by scientists and activist groups in demonstrating a bio...
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