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Grandfather effects: A longitudinal case study of the phonologinal acquisition of intervocalic conconants in English

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language Acquisition 2007年第2期14卷 121-164页

作者： Barlow, Jessica A. School of Speech Language and Hearing Sciences SDSU/UCSD Joint Doctoral Program and Language and Communication Disorder San Diego State University San Diego CA 92182-1518 United States

In this article, I present a longitudinal study of a child's (male, aged 3;0-3;4) acquisition of intervocalic consonants characterized within the framework of Optimality Theory (OT). At Stage I, the child presents with unusual error patterns, weakening and labial substitution, and shows evidence of phonologically opaque surface forms. These patterns persist at Stage II despite elaboration of phonemic contrasts intervocalically. In addition, a new error pattern emerges, nasal harmony, along with additional opaque forms. Although the errors exhibited by the child are somewhat atypical of those generally observed in acquisition, they are, nevertheless, entirely consistent with cross-linguistic facts. Further, although phonological opacity is a linguistic phenomenon that poses a challenge to nonderivational theoretical frameworks such as OT, I offer McCarthy's (2002;2003a) comparative markedness approach as a solution to this problem that is theoretically superior to alternatives. Copryright © 2007, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.

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THE EFFECT OF MOUTH OPENING LEVELS ON ACOUSTIC PARAMETERS OF VOICE SIGNAL

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Canadian Acoustics - Acoustique Canadienne 2023年第1期51卷 31-38页

作者： Mahmoudi, Mahtab Rasi Abnavi, Fatemeh Ghasisin, Leila Saberi, Shirin Student Research Committee School of Rehabilitation Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology Program School of Rehabilitation Sciences University of Ottawa Canada Department of Speech Therapy School of Rehabilitation Sciences Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran Musculoskeletal Research Center School of Rehabilitation Isfahan University of Medical School Isfahan Iran

This study examined the effect of three different mouth opening levels on fundamental frequency, jitter, shimmer, harmonic to noise ratio, first formant frequency, second formant frequency and first two formants ratio in Producing vowel /a/.simple ran-dom sampling strategy was used to recruit 36 participants. 18 females and 18 males between age 18 to 29 years were recruited. the participants sustained vowel /a/ 7 seconds. The first 1 second and the last 1 second of the vowel were omitted in order t o eliminate the vowel initiation and termination effect from the audio signal and, thereby, the middle 5 seconds were analyzed to derive acoustic parameters. Seven infrared cameras recorded mouth opening and head movements. The results showed that mouth opening level is only effective on fundamental frequency (p=0.009 © 2023, Canadian Acoustical Association. All rights reserved.

关键词： Jitter

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Modelling speech intelligibility in the noisy workplace for normal-hearing and hearing-impaired listeners using hearing protectors

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International Journal of Acoustics and Vibrations 2010年第4期15卷 156-167页

作者： Gigùere, Christian Laroche, Chantal Vaillancourt, V´eronique Soli, Sigfrid D. Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology Program University of Ottawa Ottawa ON K1H 8M5 Canada Department of Human Communication Sciences and Devices House Ear Institute Los Angeles CA 90057 United States

A speech intelligibility model was developed and validated for use in workplace environments with hazardous noise levels that require the use of hearing protection devices (HPDs). Two speech perception studies were carried out in laboratory simulations of eight workplace noise environments. The first experiment (n = 32 normal-hearing individuals) was used to develop a general model for speech intelligibility that can be tuned to the specific characteristics of the noise. The second experiment (n = 35) was used to validate the general model for use with listeners covering a wide range of hearing profiles (up to severe hearing loss) and wearing HPDs (earplugs or earmuffs). The model took into account the characteristics of the noise, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the attenuation of the hearing protector, and the hearing status of the listener. Good prediction of speech intelligibility scores in noise with HPDs required the use of correction factors to deal with both audibility (threshold) and distortion (supra threshold) effects arising from hearing loss. Correction factors due to audibility effects were computed from the speech Intelligibility Index and the pure-tone audiogram. Correction factors due to distortion effects were based on the hearing-in-Noise Test.

关键词： speech intelligibility

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A Preschool language Facilitation program for Children with Cleft Palate

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Seminars in hearing 2008年第3期3卷 202-211页

作者： Rochelle S. Cherry Norma Colburn Dr. Cherry is an Assistant Professor Department of Speech Brooklyn College City University of New York New York. Previously she had taught at Rutgers University and was Director of The Gatehouse Nursery Program. Dr. Colburn is an Assistant Professor of Speech Pathology Department of Speech Language and Hearing Sciences Rutgers University. Previously she had been Clinic Coordinator of Speech and Language Services at Rutgers University.

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Multiinfarct dementia and communication

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Topics in stroke rehabilitation 1994年第2期1卷 87-99页

作者： Danielle N Ripich Travis T Threats a Chair and Associate Professor Department of Communication Sciences Case Western Reserve University. b Adjunct Assistant Professor Department of Communication Sciences Case Western Reserve University Program Manager Division of Audiology/Speech-Language Pathology Department of Rehabilitation University Hospitals of Cleveland Cleveland Ohio.

Traditionally, speech-language pathologists have treated patients who have suffered from strokes that resulted in aphasia, but have not always worked with patients labelled as having multiinfarct dementia (MID). Patients with MID also have difficulties with communication in which the speech-language pathologist's input would be beneficial. This article examines the clinical characteristics and neurology of MiD along with the assessment and clinical issues that need to be examined if speech-language pathologists are to evaluate and treat these patients more effectively.

关键词： communication multi infarct dementia speech-language intervention

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Development of oral sensory-motor functions of preterm and low-birth-weight newborns under speech-language pathology care

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Revista de Logopedia, Foniatria y Audiologia 2019年第1期39卷 4-10页

作者： Cardoso, Flaviana de Souza Pereira, Danielle Xavier Souza, Dyego Leandro Bezerra de Cavalcanti, Renata Veiga Andersen Multiprofessional Health Residency Program with Concentration Area in Neonatal Intensive Care Januário Cicco School Maternity Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN) Natal Rio Grande do Norte Brazil Januário Cicco School Maternity Speech-Language Pathology Section. Brazilian Company of Hospital Services Natal Rio Grande do Norte Brazil Department of Public Health Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN) Natal Rio Grande do Norte Brazil Department of Speech Language and Hearing Sciences Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN) Natal Rio Grande do Norte Brazil

Introduction: Preterm and low-birth-weight newborns may present immaturity in the functions of sucking, swallowing and breathing, speech therapists inserted in the hospital focus on the development of newborns’ oral sensorimotor system, promoting a safe transition from tube feeding to breastfeeding and contributing to improving the quality of life of the child population. The present study aimed to analyze the development of oral functions, oral feeding transition time and breastfeeding of preterm and low-birth-weight newborns under speech-language Pathology care. Methods: A prognostic study carried out at a maternity hospital, based on the data collected from 121 filed medical records of newborns attended between September 2015 to July 2017. The Kaplan–Meier method, the Log Rank test and the Pearson correlation test were used for data analysis, considering a significance level of 0.05 (95%). Results: It was observed that the lower the gestational age and the birth weight of newborns, the more speech therapy services were required until the establishment of exclusive OF;also, the transition time and the average time of using the orogastric tube were inversely proportional to the gestational age at birth. The non-nutritive sucking technique was the most used for stimulation, and 78.5% of the NBs were discharged from the hospital on exclusive breastfeeding. Conclusion: Moderate to late preterm and low-birth-weight newborns are able to more quickly acquire the oral sensorimotor system functional pattern, and there are indications that speech-language Pathology care reduces the transition time to oral feeding, thus increasing the success rate of exclusive breastfeeding. © 2018 Elsevier España, S.L.U. y Asociación Española de Logopedia, Foniatría y Audiología e Iberoamericana de Fonoaudiología

关键词： Breastfeeding Early Intervention Infant Premature speech, language and hearing sciences

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Volitional and Non-volitional Devices Used in Voice Therapy and Training: A Scoping Review—Part A

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Journal of Voice 2024年

作者： Batista, Denis de Jesus Duarte, João M. da Trindade Siqueira, Larissa T.D. Almeida, Anna A. Lopes, Leonardo W. Ribeiro, Vanessa V. Center for Exact and Natural Sciences Postgraduate program in Decision Models and Health of Universidade Federal da Paraíba Paraíba João Pessoa Brazil Health Sciences Center Associated Postgraduate Program in Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology at the Universidade Federal da Paraíba Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte and Universidade Estadual de Ciências da Saúde de Alagoas Paraíba João Pessoa Brazil Center for Human Sciences Letters and Arts Postgraduate program in Linguistics of Universidade Federal da Paraíba Paraíba João Pessoa Brazil Department of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology of the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte Rio Grande do Norte Natal Brazil Department of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology Graduate Program in Linguistics and Graduate Program in Decision Models and Health of the Universidade Federal da Paraíba Paraíba João Pessoa Brazil Faculty of Medicine Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology course and the Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences of the Universidade de Brasília Distrito Federal Brasília Brazil

Objective: To map the volitional and non-volitional devices used by speech and language pathologists (SLPs) in voice training and therapy and characterize their use in research on voice interventions. Methods: This scoping review is the first part of a larger study. The electronic search was carried out by mapping the references in PubMed/Medline, LILACS/BVS, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library, and the manual search was carried out in the grey literature. Two blind independent reviewers selected and extracted data;divergences were solved by consensus. The data extracted in this part of the study were the authorship and year of publication, country, study design, sample characteristics, intervention modality, ingredient, target, mechanism of action, dosage, and outcome measures. They were addressed with descriptive analysis. Results: Publications that use devices as ingredients are mostly from the last two decades, mainly carried out in the United States of America and Brazil, in adults of both sexes with behavioral dysphonia. Forty-two types of devices were used, many of them with similar approaches but different nomenclatures. Most devices were used voluntarily, focusing on vocal function, and aiming to increase source and filter interaction. Most studies used silicone tubes. The most reported technical specification to apply the ingredient was surface electrodes on the neck. Device dosage was time-controlled, and the most used outcomes were self-assessment and acoustic analysis. Conclusion: Devices are currently used as ingredients in vocal interventions, with a greater focus on increasing the source and filter interaction, associated with silicone tubes (the most used devices in these studies), which have been dosed with performance time. Outcomes were measured with self-assessment instruments. © 2023 The Voice Foundation

关键词： language and hearing sciences speech speech therapy Voice Voice disorders Voice training

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Sidestream cigarette smoke and cardiac autonomic regulation

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International Archives of Medicine 2013年第1期6卷 1-5页

作者： Valenti, Vitor E. Vanderlei, Luiz Carlos M. Ferreira, Celso Fonseca, Fernando L. A. Oliveira, Fernando R. Sousa, Fernando H. Rodrigues, Luciano M. Monteiro, Carlos B. M. Adami, Fernando Wajnsztejn, Rubens De Abreu, Luiz Carlos Department of Speech Language and Hearing Therapy Faculty of Philosophy and Sciences UNESP Marilia SP 17.525-900 Av. Higyno Muzzi Filho 737 Brazil Post-graduation Program in Physiotherapy Faculty of Sciences and Technology UNESP Presidente Prudente SP 19060-900 Rua Roberto Simonsen 305 Brazil Post-graduation Program in Cardiology UNIFESP São Paulo SP 04024-002 Rua Napoleão de Barros 715 Brazil Department of Morphology and Physiology School of Medicine of ABC Santo André SP 09060-650 Av. Príncipe de Gales 821 Brazil Faculty of Sciences UNESP Bauru SP 17033-360 Av. Eng. Luiz Edmundo Carrijo Coube 14-01 Brazil

Background: The literature has already demonstrated that cigarette influences the cardiovascular system. In this study, we performed a literature review in order to investigate the relationship between sidestream cigarette smoke (SSCS) and cardiac autonomic regulation. Methods. Searches were performed on Medline, SciELO, Lilacs and Cochrane databases using the crossing between the key-words: cigarette smoking, autonomic nervous system, air pollution and heart rate variability. Results: The selected studies indicated that SSCS exposure affects the sympathetic and parasympathetic responses to changes in arterial blood pressure. Moreover, heart rate responses to environmental tobacco smoke are increased in smokers compared to non-smokers. The mechanism involved on this process suggest increased oxidative stress in brainstem areas that regulate the cardiovascular system. Conclusion: Further studies are necessary to add new elements in the literature to improve new therapies to treat cardiovascular disorders in subjects exposed to sidestream cigarette smoke. © 2013 Valenti et al;licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

关键词： Air pollution Autonomic nervous system Cardiovascular physiology Cigarette smoking

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Assessing agreement level between forced alignment models with data from endangered language documentation corpora

Assessing agreement level between forced alignment models wi...

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13th Annual Conference of the International speech Communication Association 2012, INTERspeech 2012

作者： DiCanio, Christian T. Nam, Hosung Whalen, D.H. Bunnell, H. Timothy Amith, Jonathan D. García, Rey Castillo Haskins Laboratories New Haven CT United States Speech-Language-Hearing Program CUNY Graduate Center New York NY United States Endangered Language Fund New Haven CT United States Nemours Biomedical Research Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children Wilmington DE United States Department of Computer and Information Sciences University of Delaware Newark DE United States Department of Anthropology Gettysburg College Gettysburg PA United States Smithsonian Institution Washington DC United States CIESAS Mexico City D.F. Mexico

ISBN: (纸本)9781622767595

Automatic forced alignment between transcriptions has achieved high levels of agreement for languages with large corpora, but the technique holds great promise for work on all languages. Here, we apply two forced alignment programs to data from an endangered Mixtecan language of Mexico. Both yielded a majority of boundaries within 20 ms of hand-labeled ones. Phonemes with fairly steady-state elements (e.g. nasals, fricatives) were more accurately labeled than others. Forced alignment thus may increase efficiency of labeling texts from smaller languages, at least in cases where the phoneme inventories are similar to those of the languages of the training.

关键词： speech recognition

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Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Attentional Processing in Healthy Individuals

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Brain Stimulation 2017年第1期10卷 e15-e15页

作者： Amy Vogel Peggy Conner Elizabeth E. Galletta Paola Marangolo Department of Speech-Language Pathology & Audiology Hunter College and PhD Program in Speech-Language-Hearing Sciences The Graduate Center The City University of New York USA Department of Speech-Language-Hearing Sciences Lehman College USA Dipartimento di Studi Umanistici Università Federico II Napoli Italy and IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia Rome Italy

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