检索结果-内蒙古大学图书馆

Perceptual integration of visual evidence of the airstream from aspirated stops

Canadian Acoustics - Acoustique Canadienne 2013年第3期41卷 23-27页

作者： Mayer, Connor Gick, Bryan Weigel, Tamra Whalen, D.H. Department of Computer Science University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada Department of Linguistics University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada Haskins Laboratories New Haven CO United States School of Audiology and Speech Sciences University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada Program in Speech-Language-Hearing Sciences City University of New York New York United States

This study investigates whether indirect visual evidence of aspiration can influence speech perception as previously found for tactile information. Participants were shown video of a speaker producing the sequence pom and "bomb" in a noisy setting. In some tokens, a candle was visibly perturbed by aspiration. All participants were more likely to correctly identify "ppm" and incorrectly identify "bomb" in the presence of visible perturbation, indicating that perceptual integration was taking place. This effect was stronger for participants who reported being consciously aware of the candle as a predictor. This indicates that ambient information can be incorporated in speech perception even when presented via an indirect modality, and that active attention can amplify this effect.

关键词： Bombs (ordnance)

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

hearing loss prevention and auditory awareness in the noisy workplace

Hearing loss prevention and auditory awareness in the noisy ...

引用

20th International Congress on Sound and Vibration 2013, ICSV 2013

作者： Giguère, Christian Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology Program School of Rehabilitation Sciences University of Ottawa 451 Smyth Road Ottawa ON K1H 8M5 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781629931500

Noise is a major problem in many industrial and military work environments, adversely impacting on both hearing health and job safety. On the one hand, workers must be sufficiently protected from noise through engineering control, hearing protection and other methods. At the same time, they must maintain good communication abilities and awareness of the auditory events from the surrounding work environment. Arguably, this dual objective has been impeded by an overreliance on absolute hearing thresholds as the metric of choice to monitor hearing status in the occupational field. hearing thresholds are only weakly related to performance on functional auditory tasks, such as speech perception and sound localization. Modelling tools are often needed to deal with the complex interacting factors involved in workplace communication problems. Two case studies are illustrated: the installation of warning sound devices and the impact of hearing protectors on speech recognition in noise. Two distinct types of policies pertaining to the noisy workplace are also reviewed: hearing Loss Prevention (HLP) and Auditory Fitness For Duty (AFFD) programs. HLP programs are necessary to foster good hearing health in workers and ensure they are not exposed to noise over the applicable statutory law or regulatory policy. AFFD programs are testing protocols and criteria to ensure workers possess the required functional hearing abilities and are fit to work in certain job occupations where hearing is critical to safety and effective operations. It is emphasized that a quieter environment promotes both hearing health and workplace safety.

关键词： Audition

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Evaluating the role of efferent inhibition on cochlear responses: Simultaneous psychophysical and otoacoustic emission measurements

Evaluating the role of efferent inhibition on cochlear respo...

引用

21st International Congress on Acoustics, ICA 2013 - 165th Meeting of the Acoustical Society of America

作者： Henin, Simon Long, Glenis R. Ph.D. Program in Speech-Language-Hearing Sciences Graduate Center of The City University of New York 365 Fifth Avenue New York NY 10016 United States

The auditory system continuously adapts to changes in the acoustic environment. Behavioral experiments in humans have demonstrated that changes in the acoustic environment produce dynamic changes in perception, for example increases in thresholds in the presence of background noise. This dynamic change in the auditory system is hypothesized to be mediated by efferent feedback from the olivocochlear system. The effect of efferent inhibition on cochlear mechanics was investigated using a simultaneous psychoacoustics and otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) task using identical stimulus conditions. Cochlear responses to short tone-burst stimuli were analyzed under various masking conditions. Robust modification of cochlear responses to the short tone-burst stimuli was observed during contralateral acoustic stimulation and during long-duration ipsilateral masking. Concomitant changes in perceptual thresholds and OAEs are consistent with the hypothesis that both stem from efferent activation. This novel paradigm provides simultaneous perceptual and physiological estimates of cochlear-based efferent activation in the same human subjects. © 2013 Acoustical Society of America.

关键词： Otoacoustic emissions

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

The Auditory Comprehension of Who and Which Questions in People with and without Aphasia: Which Account do the Data Support?

引用

Procedia - Social and Behavioral sciences 2013年 94卷 139-140页

作者： S. MacKenzie M. Walenski R. Gutierrez T. Love L. Shapiro SDSU/UCSD Joint Doctoral Program in Language & Communicative Disorders School of Speech Language and Hearing Sciences San Diego State University Center for Research in Language University of California San Diego SDSU/UCSD Joint Doctoral Program in Language and Communicative Disorders School of Speech Language and Hearing Sciences San Diego State University

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Sidestream cigarette smoke and cardiac autonomic regulation

引用

International Archives of Medicine 2013年第1期6卷 1-5页

作者： Valenti, Vitor E. Vanderlei, Luiz Carlos M. Ferreira, Celso Fonseca, Fernando L. A. Oliveira, Fernando R. Sousa, Fernando H. Rodrigues, Luciano M. Monteiro, Carlos B. M. Adami, Fernando Wajnsztejn, Rubens De Abreu, Luiz Carlos Department of Speech Language and Hearing Therapy Faculty of Philosophy and Sciences UNESP Marilia SP 17.525-900 Av. Higyno Muzzi Filho 737 Brazil Post-graduation Program in Physiotherapy Faculty of Sciences and Technology UNESP Presidente Prudente SP 19060-900 Rua Roberto Simonsen 305 Brazil Post-graduation Program in Cardiology UNIFESP São Paulo SP 04024-002 Rua Napoleão de Barros 715 Brazil Department of Morphology and Physiology School of Medicine of ABC Santo André SP 09060-650 Av. Príncipe de Gales 821 Brazil Faculty of Sciences UNESP Bauru SP 17033-360 Av. Eng. Luiz Edmundo Carrijo Coube 14-01 Brazil

Background: The literature has already demonstrated that cigarette influences the cardiovascular system. In this study, we performed a literature review in order to investigate the relationship between sidestream cigarette smoke (SSCS) and cardiac autonomic regulation. Methods. Searches were performed on Medline, SciELO, Lilacs and Cochrane databases using the crossing between the key-words: cigarette smoking, autonomic nervous system, air pollution and heart rate variability. Results: The selected studies indicated that SSCS exposure affects the sympathetic and parasympathetic responses to changes in arterial blood pressure. Moreover, heart rate responses to environmental tobacco smoke are increased in smokers compared to non-smokers. The mechanism involved on this process suggest increased oxidative stress in brainstem areas that regulate the cardiovascular system. Conclusion: Further studies are necessary to add new elements in the literature to improve new therapies to treat cardiovascular disorders in subjects exposed to sidestream cigarette smoke. © 2013 Valenti et al;licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

关键词： Air pollution Autonomic nervous system Cardiovascular physiology Cigarette smoking

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

A multidimensional evaluation of auditory performance in one powered electronic level-dependent hearing protector

A multidimensional evaluation of auditory performance in one...

引用

19th International Congress on Sound and Vibration 2012, ICSV 2012

作者： Giguère, Christian Laroche, Chantal Vaillancourt, Véronique Shmigol, Evgenia Vaillancourt, Tanya Chiasson, Jérémie Rozon-Gauthier, Véronique Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology Program School of Rehabilitation Sciences University of Ottawa 451 Smyth Road Ottawa ON K1H 8M5 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781622764655

Sample results from an extensive set of electroacoustic and psychoacoustic experiments are presented for one powered electronic earmuff headset, the PELTOR® Powercom Plus™ from Aearo Technologies (3M). The goal is to illustrate, through this device, typical performance characteristics to be expected from level-dependent hearing protectors and their potential benefits or drawbacks in several aural communication tasks. The data set comprises both speech and warning sound perception results, with the device operating in passive or active. level-dependent modes, in quiet or in noise, for a range of listeners with normal hearing or hearing loss. The active mode of the device showed a sizable speech intelligibility benefit for all groups of listeners compared to the passive mode, and demonstrated a level of performance often exceeding that for unprotected listening. The detection of vehicle back-up alarms in quiet was also superior in the active mode than in the passive mode, although no benefit was found in noise. The active mode of the device only marginally helped to restore the sense of urgency conveyed by back-up alarms in noise, which was largely affected by passive attenuation. The localization of back-up alarms was slightly worse when wearing the device than for unprotected listening, and was not improved in the active mode compared to the passive mode. Overall, results highlight the challenges of designing a device to restore situational awareness to that in the absence of hearing protection for all aural communication tasks and listeners.

关键词： speech intelligibility

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Total and component distortion product otoacoustic emission analysis in persons with induced negative middle ear pressure

引用

Proceedings of Meetings on Acoustics 2013年第1期19卷

作者： Suzanne Thompson Glenis R. Long Simon Henin Ph.D. Program in Speech-Language-Hearing Sciences The Graduate Center of The City University of New York 365 Fifth Avenue New York NY 10016

Distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) are generated when two primary tones (f1, f2 with f2> f1) are presented simultaneously to the ear. Inter-modulation between primary tones produces distortion products at predictable frequencies not present in the original signal (e.g., 2f1-f2). In persons with negative middle ear pressure (NMEP), the tympanic membrane is retracted and pulled inward, compressing structures in the middle ear. NMEP is predicted to modify DPOAE level and phase. Performing the Toynbee maneuver can artificially induce NMEP. Changes in DPOAE primary f1 and f2 level and phase and energy reflectance measures were used to confirm that 8 subjects had artificially induced NMEP using the Toynbee maneuver. DPOAEs were obtained using 1sec/octave duration logarithmic frequency sweeping primaries, f2/f1=1.22 producing 2f1-f2 from 320 -2560 Hz, L1=L2 = 65, 70, 75 dB SPL. There was a significant effect of condition, primary level, and frequency on total DPOAE and component amplitude. NMEP changes observed in total DPOAE and its components using frequency sweeps provide a more sensitive measure of middle ear effects than discrete DPOAE estimates.

关键词：

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

The Unlock Project: A Python-based framework for practical brain-computer interface communication "app" development

The Unlock Project: A Python-based framework for practical b...

引用

Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society

作者： J. S. Brumberg S. D. Lorenz B. V. Galbraith F. H. Guenther with Department of Speech-Language-Hearing University of Kansas Lawrence KS and the Department of Speech Language and Hearing Sciences Boston University Boston MA with the Program in Cognitive and Neural Systems Boston University Boston MA with the Graduate Program in Neuroscience and Department of Speech Language and Hearing Sciences Boston University Boston MA

ISBN: (纸本)9781424441198

In this paper we present a framework for reducing the development time needed for creating applications for use in non-invasive brain-computer interfaces (BCI). Our framework is primarily focused on facilitating rapid software "app" development akin to current efforts in consumer portable computing (e.g. smart phones and tablets). This is accomplished by handling intermodule communication without direct user or developer implementation, instead relying on a core subsystem for communication of standard, internal data formats. We also provide a library of hardware interfaces for common mobile EEG platforms for immediate use in BCI applications. A usecase example is described in which a user with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis participated in an electroencephalographybased BCI protocol developed using the proposed framework. We show that our software environment is capable of running in real-time with updates occurring 50-60 times per second with limited computational overhead (5 ms system lag) while providing accurate data acquisition and signal analysis.

关键词： brain-computer BCI EEG

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Otoprotection in guinea pigs exposed to pesticides and ginkgo biloba (vol 78, pg 122, 2012)

引用

BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY 2012年第4期78卷 138-138页

作者： Finkler, Andrea Dulor da Silveira, Aron Ferreira Munaro, Gisiane Zanrosso, Crisley Dossin Speech and Hearing Therapist Specialist in Clinical and Occupational Audiology (CEFAC) MSc in Human Communication Disorders (UFSM). (Speech and hearing therapist at Concordia Special Teaching Unit and Adjunct Professor – Speech and Hearing Program - ULBRA). PhD (Full Professor – Department of Morphology/Health Sciences Center - UFSM). MSc in Human Communication Disorders - UFSM. (Medical Student - ULBRA). Medical Student - ULBRA).

Pesticides are widely used in agriculture, despite the risk of hearing loss related to the exposure to their chemical components. This study looks into protective drugs to counteract the ototoxicity of pesticides. Objective This study aims to analyze the effect ginkgo biloba extract may have in protecting against possible cochlear damage caused by organophosphate pesticides (methamidophos). Anatomic changes are assessed through surface and electron microscopy. Materials and Methods This is a prospective experimental study. Twenty-one guinea pigs were given saline solution, pesticide, and ginkgo biloba alone or combined for seven consecutive days. Then their cochleas were removed and examined in a scanning electron microscope. Results Pesticide-exposed guinea pigs had morphological alterations in their cochleas and injuries in the three turns analyzed through electron microscopy. Injury intensity varied according to the dosages of the agents given to the test subjects. Guinea pigs treated with pesticide and ginkgo biloba maintained the architecture of their outer hair cells in all cochlear turns. Conclusion The antioxidant properties found in the ginkgo biloba extract protected guinea pigs from pesticide ototoxicity.

关键词： cytoprotection toxicity ginkgo biloba organophosphorus compounds

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Assessing agreement level between forced alignment models with data from endangered language documentation corpora

Assessing agreement level between forced alignment models wi...

引用

13th Annual Conference of the International speech Communication Association 2012, INTERspeech 2012

作者： DiCanio, Christian T. Nam, Hosung Whalen, D.H. Bunnell, H. Timothy Amith, Jonathan D. García, Rey Castillo Haskins Laboratories New Haven CT United States Speech-Language-Hearing Program CUNY Graduate Center New York NY United States Endangered Language Fund New Haven CT United States Nemours Biomedical Research Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children Wilmington DE United States Department of Computer and Information Sciences University of Delaware Newark DE United States Department of Anthropology Gettysburg College Gettysburg PA United States Smithsonian Institution Washington DC United States CIESAS Mexico City D.F. Mexico

ISBN: (纸本)9781622767595

Automatic forced alignment between transcriptions has achieved high levels of agreement for languages with large corpora, but the technique holds great promise for work on all languages. Here, we apply two forced alignment programs to data from an endangered Mixtecan language of Mexico. Both yielded a majority of boundaries within 20 ms of hand-labeled ones. Phonemes with fairly steady-state elements (e.g. nasals, fricatives) were more accurately labeled than others. Forced alignment thus may increase efficiency of labeling texts from smaller languages, at least in cases where the phoneme inventories are similar to those of the languages of the training.

关键词： speech recognition

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

建议与咨询留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

时间限定

文献类型

馆藏选择

核心期刊

语言

文献类型

帮助

文字说明：

检索规则说明：

检索范例：

分类表

所选分类

限定检索结果

文献类型

馆藏范围

日期分布

学科分类号

主题

机构

作者

语言

请选择保存的检索档案：

请选择收藏分类：

通借通还

建议与咨询 留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

时间限定

文献类型

馆藏选择

核心期刊

语言

文献类型

帮助

文字说明：

检索规则说明：

检索范例：

分类表

所选分类

限定检索结果

文献类型

馆藏范围

日期分布

学科分类号

主题

机构

作者

语言

请选择保存的检索档案： 新增检索档案 确定 取消

请选择收藏分类： 新增自定义分类 确定 取消

通借通还

建议与咨询留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

请选择保存的检索档案：

请选择收藏分类：