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作者： Frolov, Sergey Garrett, Kevin Jankov, Isidora Kleist, Daryl Stewart, Jebb Q. Hoeve, John Ten Physical Sciences Laboratory National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration BoulderCO United States National Weather Service National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Silver SpringMD United States Global Systems Laboratory National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration BoulderCO United States Environmental Modeling Center College ParkMD United States Weather Program Office National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Silver SpringMD United States

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Intimate partner violence among people living with the human immune virus:a quantitative analysis of prevalence and associated sociodemographic factors in Ghana

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Global Health Journal 2025年第1期9卷 46-54页

作者： Maximillian Kolbe Domapielle Benjamin Spears Ngmekpele Cheabu Constance Awinpoka Akurugu Justine Guguneni Tuolong Marshall Kala Sadat Zakari Abugbila Department of Governance and Development Management Faculty of Public Policyand GovernanceSimon Diedong Dombo University of Business and Integrated Development Studies Christian Health Association of Ghana HIV/TB Community Systems Strengthening Program Faculty of Health Science Health Quality ProgramsQueen's University Department of Public Policy and Management Faculty of Public Policyand GovernanceSimon Diedong Dombo University of Business and Integrated Development Studies University of Ghana Learning Centre-Wa School of Continuing and Distance EducationUniversity of Ghana

Objective:Intimate partner violence(IPV) among people living with the human immune deficiency virus(PLHIV)poses a significant threat to efforts to reduce the spread of human immune deficiency virus(HIV) and achieve the sustainable development *** Ghana,scholarly research on the forms and prevalence of IPV is available,however knowledge of the prevalence of IPV among PLHIV is *** understand the prevalence of IPV among PLHIV and the intersectional factors that contribute to it,this study examined the overall prevalence of IPV among PLHIV and the associated sociodemographic factors across ten regions of ***:We administered face-to-face survey questionnaires to 661 randomly selected antiretroviral therapy(ART) clients using Research Electronic Data Capture *** used descriptive statistics(mean,standard deviation,minimum,and maximum),pairwise correlation,and multivariate regression analysis to look at the ***:The clients of ART experienced various forms of IPV,including sexual,physical,emotional,and economic violence and controlling *** overall prevalence of IPV among PLHIV was 27.5 %.This result,although on par with the global IPV average(27 %),is 1.5 % higher than the national rate(26 %).The Upper West Region had the highest prevalence in all the categories of IPV analysed,followed by Oti Region in second place and the Upper East Region in third,except for the prevalence of sexual violence,where Greater Accra Region ranks *** specific regions of Ghana,sociodemographic factors shaped by patriarchal and economic considerations contribute to a higher prevalence of IPV among people living with ***:The findings have implications for developing policies and interventions that address the specific factors associated with HIV-induced IPV in different regions of *** interventions should also include screening PLHIV receiving ART for their IPV status regardless of gender and deploying culturally appropriate ed

关键词： Intimate partner violence (IPV) Human immune deficiency virus (HIV) People living with the human immune deficiency virus (PLHIV) Socio-demographic factors Ghana

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The DARPA spoken language systems program: Past, present, and future

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The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 2005年第S1期84卷 S188-S188页

作者： J. Allen Sears Intelligent Systems Program DARPA‐ISTO 1400 Wilson Boulevard Arlington VA 22209

The long‐range goal of the DARPA strategic computing speech program is to develop speech recognition and understanding technology sufficiently robust to support a wide range of DoD applications. The application environments may require systems capable of handling up to 10 000 words, with habitable grammatical constraints measurable by a perplexity of 100 to 200. Such a system should have a word accuracy of better than 95%, and should operate in real time. Specific short‐term goals for the first phase include the development of a 1000‐word continuous speech recognition system for use in acoustically benign environments by the end of 1988. Research activities supported by the DARPA strategic computing speech program include the development of speech recognition systems, related component technology, and supporting infrastructure. For the next 4 years, the program will build on accomplishments of phase one of the speech recognition and natural language programs in order to achieve spoken language understanding. Specifically, the program will move from speech transcription and textual language processing towards interactive problem solving using voice input. In this talk, the objectives and the structure of the DARPA‐sponsored program will be described in greater detail.

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Cycling cities: Measuring urban mobility mixing in bikeshare networks

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Journal of Transport Geography 2025年 126卷

作者： Fraser, Timothy Van Woert, Katherine Olivieri, Sophia Baron, Jonathan Buckley, Katelyn Lalli, Pamela Ezra Systems Research Associate Systems Engineering Program Cornell University B01F Carpenter Hall 313 Campus Road Ithaca 14853 NY United States Political Science Department Northeastern University 960A Renaissance Park 360 Huntington Avenue Boston 02115-5000 MA United States

To promote low-carbon transit, cities are increasingly adopting public-private partnerships to offer bikeshare services. But some neighborhoods use bikeshare services more than others, raising questions about how equitable these public programs' rollout has been. We examined the entire temporal directed network of individual rides from Boston's Bluebikes program, tracking bikers' starting and ending stations from 2011 to 2021. We hypothesized that ridership levels are lower between neighborhoods of color than white neighborhoods, and greater between wealthier neighborhoods than working class neighborhoods. We designed edgewise block permutation tests to measure the statistical significance of mobility between similar neighborhoods, while controlling through permutation blocks for population density, program geography, distance, and the distribution of race, wealth, education, and age. The network is deeply stratified by race and income, with more homophilous movement between neighborhoods from similar income brackets than expected due to chance. Race is linked to considerable homophily, but with low statistical significance. However, homophilous mobility by income and race has dropped sharply from 2011 to 2021, suggesting that Bluebikes is gradually reaching a broader range of neighborhoods. This presents signs of hope for a transition to equitable transit options in other major US cities as well. © 2025

关键词： Big data Bikeshare Cities Equity GIS Micromobility Networks

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AVTENet: A Human-Cognition-Inspired Audio-Visual Transformer-Based Ensemble Network for Video Deepfake Detection

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IEEE Transactions on Cognitive and Developmental systems 2025年

作者： Hashmi, Ammarah Shahzad, Sahibzada Adil Lin, Chia-Wen Tsao, Yu Wang, Hsin-Min Taiwan International Graduate Program Academia Sinica Social Networks and Human-Centered Computing Program Taipei11529 Taiwan National Tsing Hua University Institute of Information Systems and Applications Hsinchu30013 Taiwan National Chengchi University Department of Computer Science Taipei11605 Taiwan National Tsing Hua University Department of Electrical Engineering Institute of Communications Engineering Hsinchu300044 Taiwan Academia Sinica Research Center for Information Technology Innovation Taipei11529 Taiwan

The recent proliferation of hyper-realistic deepfake videos has drawn attention to the threat of audio and visual forgeries. Most previous studies on detecting artificial intelligence-generated fake videos only utilize visual modality or audio modality. While some methods exploit audio and visual modalities to detect forged videos, they have not been comprehensively evaluated on multimodal datasets of deepfake videos involving acoustic and visual manipulations, and are mostly based on convolutional neural networks with low detection accuracy. Considering that human cognition instinctively integrates multisensory information including audio and visual cues to perceive and interpret content and the success of transformer in various fields, this study introduces the audio-visual transformer-based ensemble network (AVTENet). This innovative framework tackles the complexities of deepfake technology by integrating both acoustic and visual manipulations to enhance the accuracy of video forgery detection. Specifically, the proposed model integrates several purely transformer-based variants that capture video, audio, and audio-visual salient cues to reach a consensus in prediction. For evaluation, we use the recently released benchmark multimodal audio-video FakeAVCeleb dataset. For a detailed analysis, we evaluate AVTENet, its variants, and several existing methods on multiple test sets of the FakeAVCeleb dataset. Experimental results show that the proposed model outperforms all existing methods and achieves state-of-the-art performance on Testset-I and Testset-II of the FakeAVCeleb dataset. We also compare AVTENet against humans in detecting video forgery. The results show that AVTENet significantly outperforms humans. © 2016 IEEE.

关键词： audio-visual AVTENet Deepfake detection

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Following marginal stability manifolds in quasilinear dynamical reductions of multiscale flows in two space dimensions

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Physical Review E 2025年第2期111卷 025105-025105页

作者： Alessia Ferraro Gregory P. Chini T. M. Schneider Emergent Complexity in Physical Systems Laboratory (ECPS) École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland Nordita Royal Institute of Technology and Stockholm University Stockholm 106 91 Sweden Department of Mechanical Engineering and Program in Integrated Applied Mathematics University of New Hampshire Durham New Hampshire 03824 USA

We derive a two-dimensional (2D) extension of a recently developed formalism for slow-fast quasilinear (QL) systems subject to fast instabilities. The emergent dynamics of these systems is characterized by a slow evolution of (suitably defined) mean fields coupled to marginally stable, fast fluctuation fields. By exploiting this scale separation, an efficient hybrid fast-eigenvalue/slow-initial-value solution algorithm can be developed in which the amplitude of the fast fluctuations is slaved to the slowly evolving mean fields to ensure marginal stability—and temporal scale separation—is maintained. For 2D systems, the fluctuation eigenfunctions are labeled by their Fourier wave numbers characterizing spatial variability in that extended spatial direction, and the marginal mode(s) must coincide with the fastest-growing mode(s) over all admissible Fourier wave numbers. Here we derive an ordinary differential equation governing the slow evolution of the wave number of the fastest-growing fluctuation mode that simultaneously must be slaved to the mean dynamics to ensure the mode has zero growth rate. We illustrate the procedure in the context of a 2D model partial differential equation that shares certain attributes with the equations governing strongly stratified shear flows and other strongly constrained forms of geophysical turbulence in extreme parameter regimes. The slaved evolution follows one or more marginal stability manifolds, which constitute select state-space structures that are not invariant under the full flow dynamics yet capture quasicoherent structures in physical space in a manner analogous to invariant solutions identified in, e.g., transitionally turbulent shear flows. Accordingly, we propose that marginal stability manifolds are central organizing structures in a dynamical systems description of certain classes of multiscale flows in which scale separation justifies a QL approximation of the dynamics.

关键词： Shear flow

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Ontologies in Design: How Imagining a Tree Reveals Possibilities and Assumptions in Large Language Models 25

Ontologies in Design: How Imagining a Tree Reveals Possibili...

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Proceedings of the 2025 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing systems

作者： Nava Haghighi Sunny Yu James A. Landay Daniela Rosner Computer Science Stanford University Stanford California USA Symbolic Systems Program Stanford University Stanford California USA Computer Science Department Stanford University Stanford California USA Human Centered Design & Engineering University of Washington Seattle Washington USA

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From rare to more common: The emerging role of omics in improving understanding and treatment of severe inflammatory and hyperinflammatory conditions

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Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2025年第5期155卷 1435-1450页

作者： Keskitalo, Salla Seppänen, Mikko R.J. del Sol, Antonio Varjosalo, Markku Institute of Biotechnology Helsinki Institute of Life Science HiLIFE University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland Pediatric Research Center New Children's Hospital University of Helsinki and HUS Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland Translational Immunology Research Program University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland European Reference Network Rare Immunodeficiency Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases Network (ERN RITA) Core Center Utrecht Netherlands Computational Biology Group Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) University of Luxembourg Esch-sur-Alzette Luxembourg Computational Biology Group Basque Research and Technology Alliance (CIC bioGUNE-BRTA) Derio Spain Ikerbasque Basque Foundation for Science Bilbao Spain Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology and Translational Cancer Medicine Program Faculty of Medicine University of Helsinki Finland Helsinki Finland

Inflammation is a pathogenic driver of many diseases, including atherosclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis. Hyperinflammation can be seen as any inflammatory response that is deleterious to the host, regardless of cause. In medicine, hyperinflammation is defined as severe, deleterious, and fluctuating systemic or local inflammation with presence of a cytokine storm. It has been associated with rare autoinflammatory disorders. However, advances in omics technologies, including genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, have revealed it to be more common, occurring in sepsis and severe coronavirus disease 2019. With a focus on proteomics, this review highlights the key role of omics in this shift. Through an exploration of research, we present how omics technologies have contributed to improved diagnostics, prognostics, and targeted therapeutics in the field of hyperinflammation. We also discuss the integration of advanced technologies, multiomics approaches, and artificial intelligence in analyzing complex datasets to develop targeted therapies, and we address their potential for revolutionizing the clinical aspects of hyperinflammation. We emphasize personalized medicine approaches for effective treatments and outline challenges, including the need for standardized methodologies, robust bioinformatics tools, and ethical considerations regarding data privacy. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the molecular mechanisms underpinning hyperinflammation and underscores the potential of omics technologies in enabling successful clinical management. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： artificial intelligence biomarker discovery cytokine storm genomics Hyperinflammation inflammation metabolomics multiomics omics technologies proteomics

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Geography and availability of natural habitat determine whether cropland intensification or expansion is more detrimental to biodiversity

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Nature Ecology and Evolution 2025年 1-16页

作者： Ceaușu, Silvia Leclère, David Newbold, Tim Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research Department of Genetics Evolution and Environment University College London London United Kingdom Biodiversity and Natural Resources (BNR) Program International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) Laxenburg Austria

To mitigate biodiversity loss from agriculture, intensification is often promoted as an alternative to farmland expansion. However, its local impacts remain debated. We assess globally the responses of three biodiversity metrics—species richness, total abundance and relative community abundance-weighted average range size (RCAR), a proxy for biotic homogenization—to land conversion and yield increases. Our models predict a median species loss of 11% in primary vegetation in modified landscapes, and of 25% and 40% in cropland within natural and modified landscapes, respectively. Land conversion also reduces abundance and increases biotic homogenization, with impacts varying by geographic region and history of human modification. However, increasing yields changes biodiversity as well, including in adjacent primary vegetation, with effects dependent on crop, region, biodiversity metric and natural habitat cover. Ultimately, neither expansion nor intensification consistently benefits biodiversity. Intensification has better species richness outcomes in 29%, 83%, 64% and 57% of maize, soybean, wheat and rice landscapes, respectively, whereas expansion performs better in the remaining areas. In terms of abundance and RCAR, both expansion and intensification can outperform the other depending on landscape. Therefore, minimizing local biodiversity loss requires a context-dependent balance between expansion and intensification, while avoiding expansion in unmodified landscapes. © The Author(s) 2025.

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Identification of bronchial epithelial genes associated with type 2 eosinophilic inflammation in asthma

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Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2025年第5期155卷 1510-1520页

作者： Esnault, Stephane Dill-McFarland, Kimberly A. Altman, Matthew C. Rosenkranz, Melissa A. Jarjour, Nizar N. Busse, William W. Division of Allergy Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine University of Wisconsin–Madison Madison Wis United States Center for Healthy Minds University of Wisconsin–Madison Madison Wis United States Department of Psychiatry University of Wisconsin–Madison Madison Wis United States University of Lille INSERM CHU Lille U1286–INFINITE–Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation Lille France Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases University of Washington Seattle Wash United States Systems Immunology Program Benaroya Research Institute Seattle Wash United States

Background: Airway inflammation plays a critical role in asthma pathogenesis and pathophysiology, but the molecular pathways contributing to airway inflammation are not fully known, particularly type 2 (T2) inflammation characterized by both eosinophilia and higher fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) levels. Objective: We sought to identify genes whose level of expression in epithelial brushing samples were associated with both bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) eosinophilia and generation of FENO. Methods: We performed segmental allergen bronchoprovocation (SBP-Ag) in participants with asthma, then RNA sequencing analyses of BAL cells and brushing samples before and 48 hours after SBP-Ag to identify regulation of eosinophil recruitment and FENO changes. Results: Allergen bronchoprovocation increased FENO levels, which correlated with eosinophilia. Thirteen genes were identified in brushing samples, whose expression changed in response to SBP-Ag and correlated with both airway eosinophilia and FENO levels after SBP-Ag. Among these 13 genes, epithelial cell product CDH26/cadherin-26 contributed to the amplification of T2 inflammation, as reflected by eosinophilia and FENO, and causal mediation analyses with pro-T2 and proeosinophilic cytokine mediators in BAL fluids. Among the genes associated with reduced eosinophilia and FENO, HEY2 is known to enhance cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, as well as to reduce apoptosis. Conclusion: This unbiased RNA sequencing analysis in participants with allergic asthma revealed several epithelial cell genes, particularly CDH26, that may be critical for the development or augmentation of T2 inflammation in asthma. © 2025 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology

关键词： allergic challenge allergy Asthma bronchial brushing bronchoalveolar lavage CDH26 eosinophils multiplex protein assay nitric oxide RNA sequencing type 2 immune response

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