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Entity-relationship and object-oriented data modeling - An experimental comparison of design quality

DATA & KNOWLEDGE engineering 1997年第3期21卷 297-315页

作者： Shoval, P Shiran, S Information Systems Program Department of Industrial Engineering and Management Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Beer-Sheva 84105 Israel

We compare EER and OO data models from the point of view of design quality. Quality is measured in terms of (a) correctness of the conceptual schemas being designed, (b) time to complete the design task, and (c) designers' preferences of the models. Result of an experimental comparison of the two models reveal that the EER model surpasses the OO model for designing unary and ternary relationships, it takes less time to design EER schemas, and the EER model is preferred by designers. We conclude that even if the objective is to implement an OO database schema, the recommended procedure is to: (1) create an EER conceptual scheme, (2) map it to an OO schema, and augment the target schema with behavioral constructs that are unique to the 00 approach.

关键词： data modeling entity relationship model object oriented model database design conceptual schema experimentation schema transformation quality of design

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ULTRASONIC EVALUATION OF FATIGUE DAMAGE IN METAL-MATRIX COMPOSITES

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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS 1995年第4期21卷 251-263页

作者： ROKHLIN, SI CHU, YC HUANG, W Nondestructive Evaluation Program Department of Industrial Welding and Systems Engineering The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USA

This paper describes an experimental nondestructive technique for fatigue damage assessment in metal matrix composites by measuring ultrasonic phase velocity and attenuation. A [0/90] SiC/Ti-15V-3Cr-3Al-3Sn metal matrix composite is considered as a model system. Cyclic loading at 50 and 70% of the ultimate sample strength were used until failure. The ultrasonic phase velocities and attenuations were measured periodically and found to be very sensitive to fatigue damage. The fatigue-induced changes in the composite elastic constants were calculated from the measured ultrasonic velocity data. For samples heat treated prior to fatigue (815 degrees C) above the matrix beta transus (about 760 degrees C), the dominant damage mechanism is debonding of the fiber/matrix interface. We found that when samples were fatigued for less than 50% of the lifetime, the reduction of the composite moduli was linearly dependent on the number of fatigue cycles, which is explained by extension of interfacial partial debonds. This was supported by micromechanical analysis based on a partial disbond model. The rate of decrease in the composite moduli in the second half of the fatigue life was found to be lower, which may serve as a basis for estimation of the remaining fatigue life of the composite from ultrasonic velocity and attenuation measurements. The attenuation data was obtained in directions perpendicular to the fiber. A single-fiber scattering model has been used to explain the effect of the fiber/matrix interface on attenuation. Good correlation between attenuation and moduli measurements was observed.

关键词： METAL MATRIX COMPOSITES MICROMECHANICAL ANALYSES FATIGUE DAMAGE ULTRASONIC DAMAGE EVALUATION FIBER-MATRIX INTERPHASES

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ULTRASONIC SCATTERING AND VELOCITY METHODS FOR CHARACTERIZATION OF FIBER-MATRIX INTERPHASES

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ULTRASONICS 1995年第5期33卷 351-364页

作者： ROKHLIN, SI HUANG, W CHU, YC The Ohio State University Nondestructive Evaluation Program Department of Industrial Welding and Systems Engineering Columbus Ohio 43210 USA

This paper discusses two potential ultrasonic techniques for characterization of fibre-matrix interphases in composites: measurements of wave scattering (attenuation) and its phase velocity. The implementation procedures of these two methods are described using analytical or numerical models with an emphasis on their applicability. Examples of ultrasonic characterization of interphases are given for ceramic and intermetallic matrix composites reinforced with large diameter SIC fibres. Carbon-rich interphase coatings are added on these fibres to improve composite performance and chemical and thermal compatibility. The experimentally measured interphase moduli from ultrasonic data are compared with those determined from interphase microstructures showing good agreement. Finally, several applications of these techniques for interphasial damage assessment are demonstrated, including characterization of oxidation damage in ceramic matrix composites and of fatigue damage in metal matrix composites. These experimental results show that ultrasonic wave attenuation and velocity are significantly affected by degradation of the elastic properties of the interphasial layer;thus, both methods are very useful for non-destructive assessment of interphasial damage.

关键词： WAVE ATTENUATION VELOCITY INTERPHASE CHARACTERIZATION FIBER-COMPOSITES OXIDATION FATIGUE DAMAGE

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STRUCTURED METHOD FOR DESIGNING SUBsystems

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INFORMATION AND SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY 1995年第2期37卷 79-85页

作者： SHOVAL, P Information Systems Program Department of Industrial Engineering and Management Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Beer-Sheva 84105 Israel

This paper describes a structured method for designing subsystems from a whole system, which extends ADISSA methodology for systems analysis, design and prototyping, The design of a subsystem includes: (a) definition of the transactions, or processes, that belong to the subsystem, thus determining the boundaries of the subsystem;(b) design of the subsystem user-interface, a sub-menu-tree, derivable from the menu-tree interface of the global system;and (c) design of the database sub-schema, derivable from the global database schema. The method is supported by a CASE tool, enabling automatic and interactive design and prototyping of the subsystems.

关键词： SUBSYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODOLOGY CASE PROTOTYPING TRANSACTIONS MAN-MACHINE INTERFACE MENU-TREE DATABASE SCHEMA SUB-SCHEMA

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Cascaded evolutionary multiobjective identification based on correlation function statistical tests for improving velocity analyzes in swimming

Cascaded evolutionary multiobjective identification based on...

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2014 IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence in Multi-Criteria Decision-Making, MCDM 2014

作者： Ayala, Helon Vicente Hultmann Da Cruz, Luciano Ferreira Freire, Roberto Zanetti Coelho, Leandro Dos Santos Industrial and Systems Engineering Graduate Program PUCPR Curitiba Brazil Industrial and Systems Engineering Graduate Program Department of Electrical Engineering UFPR Curitiba Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781479944682

By using biomechanical analyses applied to sports many researchers are providing important information to coaches and athletes in order to reach better performance in a shorter time. In swimming, these kinds of analyses are being used to evaluate, to detect and to improve the skills of high level athletes. Recently, evolutionary computing theories have been adopted to support swim velocity profile identification. Based on velocity profiles recognition, it is possible to identify distinct characteristics and classify swimmers according to their abilities. In this way, this work presents an application of Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBF-NN) associated to a proposed cascaded evolutionary procedure composed by a genetic and Multiobjective Differential Evolution (MODE) algorithms as optimization method for searching the best fitness within a set of parameters to configure the RBF-NN. The main goal and novelty of the proposed approach is to enable, through the adoption of cascaded multiobjective optimization, the use of correlation based tests in order to select both the model lagged inputs and the associated parameters in a supervised fashion. Finally, the real data of a Brazilian elite female swimmer in crawl and breaststroke styles obtained into a 25 meters swimming pool have been identified by the proposed method. The soundness of the approach is illustrated with the adherence to the model validity tests and the values of the multiple correlation coefficients between 0.95 and 0.93 for two tests for both breaststroke and crawl strokes, respectively. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Multiobjective optimization

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Polystyrene nanoplastics cause developmental abnormalities, oxidative damage and immune toxicity in early zebrafish development

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Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part - C: Toxicology and Pharmacology 2025年 295卷 110216页

作者： Saputra, Febriyansyah Pramata, Azzah Dyah Soegianto, Agoes Hu, Shao-Yang Department of Biology Faculty Sciences and Technology Universitas Airlangga Campus C Surabaya 60115 Indonesia Mathematics and Natural Sciences Doctoral Program Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Airlangga Surabaya 60115 Indonesia Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya 60116 Indonesia Department of Biological Science and Technology National Pingtung University of Science and Technology Pingtung 912301 Taiwan

Aquatic organisms are increasingly affected by polystyrene nanoplastics (PSNPs), which have the potential to disrupt development, induce oxidative stress, and impair immune function. This study examined the effects of PSNPs on zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos exposed to 0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 μg/mL from 2 to 120 h post-fertilization (hpf). The findings indicated that developmental abnormalities occurred in a dose-dependent manner, including delayed hatching, decreased survival rates, reduced body length, smaller eye diameter, and enlarged yolk sac area. PSNPs accumulated in the chorion and yolk sac as early as 6 hpf and were detected in vital tissues, such as the eyes, heart, yolk sac, liver, pancreas, intestine, neuromasts, and tail, immediately after hatching. By 120 hpf, PSNPs significantly reduced swimming distance and velocity. Exposure to PSNPs induced oxidative damage evidenced by altered expression of antioxidant-related genes (CAT1, GPX1A, SOD1, NRF2, KEAP1, HSP70, MT), disrupting cellular homeostasis and causing structural and organ defects. Immune toxicity was marked by dysregulated expression of immune-related genes (IL-1β, IL-6, NF-κB, TNF-α, C3B, TLR-1, TLR-3, TLR-4), indicating inflammation and innate immune activation triggered by oxidative damage. This study highlights the interconnected impacts of developmental abnormalities, oxidative damage, and immune toxicity caused by PSNPs exposure, highlighting the systemic impacts of nanoplastics contamination in aquatic environments. © 2025 Elsevier Inc.

关键词： Developmental abnormalities Immune toxicity Oxidative damage Polystyrene nanoplastics Zebrafish embryos

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Combining of chaotic differential evolution and quadratic programming for economic dispatch optimization with valve-point effect (vol 21, pg 989, 2006)

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER systems 2006年第3期21卷 1465-1465页

作者： dos Santos Coelho, Leandro Cocco Mariani, Viviana Production and Systems Engineering Graduate Program Automation and Systems Laboratory PUCPRJCCET/PPGEPSILAS Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná 802 15-901 Curitiba Paraná Brazil Mechanical Engineering Graduate Program PUCPRJCCETIPPGEM Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná 802 15-901 Curitiba Paraná Brazil

Evolutionary algorithms are heuristic methods that have yielded promising results for solving nonlinear, nondifferentiable, and multi-modal optimization problems in the power systems area. The differential evolution (DE) algorithm is an evolutionary algorithm that uses a rather greedy and less stochastic approach to problem solving than do classical evolutionary algorithms, such as genetic algorithms, evolutionary programming, and evolution strategies. DE also incorporates an efficient way of self-adapting mutation using small populations. The potentialities of DE are its simple structure, easy use, convergence property, quality of solution, and robustness. This paper proposes a new approach for solving economic load dispatch problems with valve-point effect. The proposed method combines the DE algorithm with the generator of chaos sequences and sequential quadratic programming (SQP) technique to optimize the performance of economic dispatch problems. The DE with chaos sequences is the global optimizer, and the SQP is used to fine-tune the DE run in a sequential manner. The combined methodology and its variants are validated for two test systems consisting of 13 and 40 thermal units whose incremental fuel cost function takes into account the valve-point loading effects. The proposed combined method outperforms other state-of-the-art algorithms in solving load dispatch problems with the valve-point effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

关键词： Chaotic sequences differential evolution (DE) economic dispatch evolutionary algorithms optimization power generation valve-point effect

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“Quartz crystal microbalance-based biosensor for rapid and ultrasensitive SARS-CoV-2 detection"

Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis Open

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Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis Open 2025年 5卷

作者： Saleh, Sahera Alkalamouni, Habib Antar, Karen Rahme, Joe Kazan, Michel Karam, Pierre Muthuswamy, Jit Zaraket, Hassan Khraiche, Massoud L. Department of Experimental Pathology Immunology & Microbiology Faculty of Medicine American University of Beirut Beirut Lebanon Center for Infectious Disease Research Faculty of Medicine American University of Beirut Beirut Lebanon Neural Engineering and Nanobiosensors Group Biomedical Engineering Program Maroun Semaan Faculty of Engineering and Architecture American University of Beirut Beirut 1107 2020 Lebanon Chemistry Department American University of Beirut Beirut Lebanon Physics Department American University of Beirut Beirut Lebanon Neural Microsystems Laboratory School of Biological and Systems Engineering Arizona State University (ASU) Tempe AZ United States

The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the urgent need for rapid, sensitive, and affordable diagnostic tests, especially in resource-limited settings. While RT-qPCR remains the gold standard for SARS-CoV-2 detection, it is expensive and requires specialized equipment. Antigen-based tests, though faster, lack sufficient sensitivity. Therefore, there is a pressing need for a platform that combines the rapidity of antigen tests with the sensitivity of molecular tests. In this work, we address this problem by developing a Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) biosensor for the rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid proteins. We designed a QCM biosensor with polyethylene glycol (PEG)-based surface functionalization, which significantly improves sensitivity and specificity. The platform achieved a detection limit of 53.3 TCID₅₀/mL and a sensitivity of 0.263 Hz/ TCID₅₀/mL, with results available in approximately 15 min. Cross-reactivity tests with Influenza A demonstrated its high specificity for SARS-CoV-2. Comprehensive surface characterization using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Digital Holographic Microscopy, and Raman Spectroscopy confirmed the stability and integrity of the functionalized sensor surface. The platform is cost-effective, scalable, and designed for ease of use in resource-limited settings. This work presents the first open-source QCM biosensing platform for SARS-CoV-2 detection that combines high sensitivity, rapid results, and affordability. It offers a deployable solution for COVID-19 diagnostics, particularly in underserved regions, and is adaptable for future pandemic preparedness. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Acoustic sensor COVID COVID-19 PEG Point-of-care QCM Quartz crystal microbalance Rapid

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Water management and conductivity studies in novel polymer zirconium-based membranes for PEM fuel cells

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Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental engineering 2025年 11.0卷

作者： Ahmed, Tallah Magdi Al Othman, Amani Shamayleh, Abdulrahim Tawalbeh, Muhammad Engineering Systems Management Graduate Program American University of Sharjah PO. Box 26666 Sharjah United Arab Emirates Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering American University of Sharjah PO. Box 26666 Sharjah United Arab Emirates Energy Water and Sustainable Environment Research Center American University of Sharjah PO. Box 26666 Sharjah United Arab Emirates Department of Industrial Engineering American University of Sharjah PO. Box 26666 Sharjah United Arab Emirates Sustainable and Renewable Energy Engineering Department University of Sharjah PO. Box 27272 Sharjah United Arab Emirates Sustainable Energy & Power Systems Research Centre RISE University of Sharjah P.O. Box 27272 Sharjah United Arab Emirates

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are among the promising alternatives for clean energy generation, especially when hydrogen is the fuel used. Their operation is still faced with several challenges, and one of them is water accumulation in the cathode compartment. If PEMFCs are operated at temperatures above the boiling point of water, a significant obstacle would be eliminated due to the formation of water in the vapor phase. This prevents water from accumulating in the liquid phase which causes flooding. Therefore, this work aims to develop a novel composite membrane based on zirconium silicate (ZrSiO₄) and Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) for such high-temperature operation. The composite membrane was synthesized using solution casting, and its structural and chemical properties were characterized using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. The ZrSiO₄/PVDF membrane demonstrated a maximum proton conductivity of 2.14 × 10⁻³ S/cm at room temperature with 8 wt% ZrSiO₄, along with a water uptake value of 43.85 %. Consequently, when tested above the boiling point of water, the membrane exhibited a high conductivity of 2.13 × 10⁻³ S/cm at 105 °C. The results suggest the suitability of such zirconium silicate-based composite membranes for fuel cell applications operating above the boiling point of water. © 2024 The Author(s)

关键词： Composite membranes PEM fuel cells Proton conduction PVDF Water management Zirconium silicate

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Techno-economic analysis of a hybrid renewable energy system integrated with productive activities in an underdeveloped rural region of eastern Indonesia

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Clean Energy 2023年第6期7卷 1247-1267页

作者： Alya Nurul Shafira Subhan Petrana Rahma Muthia Widodo Wahyu Purwanto Sustainable Energy Systems and Policy Research Cluster Universitas IndonesiaDepok16424Indonesia Chemical Engineering Department Faculty of EngineeringUniversitas IndonesiaDepok16424Indonesia Master Program in Energy Systems Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversitas IndonesiaDepok16424Indonesia

The Southwest Maluku region in eastern Indonesia is considered a frontier,outermost and underdeveloped *** inhabitants live on isolated islands,including the residents of Mahaleta Village,where only 9.4%of the community have limited access to *** study aimed to design an economically feasible hybrid renewable energy(RE)system based on solar and wind energy to integrate with the productive activities of the *** study developed conceptual schemes to meet the demand for electricity from the resi-dential,community,commercial and productive sectors of the *** analysis was performed using a techno-economic *** hybrid system was designed using the HOMER Pro optimization function,and cold-storage and dryer systems were designed to support related productive *** optimized design of the hybrid RE system comprised 271.62 kW of solar photovoltaics,80 kW of wind turbines and a 1-MWh lead-acid *** found that the hybrid RE system would only be economically feasible with a full-grant incentive and an electricity tariff of$0.0808/***,the productive activity schemes were all economically feasible,with a cold-storage cost of$0.035/kg and a drying cost of$0.082/*** the hybrid RE system with productive activities can improve the economic feasibility of the energy system and create more jobs as well as increase income for the local community.

关键词： underdeveloped region hybrid renewable energy system photovoltaics wind turbine Indonesia

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