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The overlapping burden of the three leading causes of disability and death in sub-Saharan African children

Nature Communications 2022年第1期13卷 1-14页

作者： Reiner, Robert C. Welgan, Catherine A. Troeger, Christopher E. Baumann, Mathew M. Weiss, Daniel J. Deshpande, Aniruddha Blacker, Brigette F. Miller-Petrie, Molly K. Earl, Lucas Bhatt, Samir Abolhassani, Hassan Abosetugn, Akine Eshete Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Adekanmbi, Victor Adetokunboh, Olatunji O. Aghaali, Mohammad Aji, Budi Alahdab, Fares Al-Aly, Ziyad Alhassan, Robert Kaba Ali, Saqib Alizade, Hesam Aljunid, Syed Mohamed Almasi-Hashiani, Amir Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M. Altirkawi, Khalid A. Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Amare, Azmeraw T. Amini, Saeed Amugsi, Dickson A. Ancuceanu, Robert Andrei, Catalina Liliana Ansari, Fereshteh Anvari, Davood Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw Arabloo, Jalal Aremu, Olatunde Atout, Maha Moh’d Wahbi Ausloos, Marcel Ausloos, Floriane Ayanore, Martin Amogre Aynalem, Yared Asmare Azene, Zelalem Nigussie Badawi, Alaa Baig, Atif Amin Banach, Maciej Bedi, Neeraj Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth Bhandari, Dinesh Bhardwaj, Nikha Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhattacharyya, Krittika Bhutta, Zulfiqar A. Bijani, Ali Birhanu, Tesega Tesega Mengistu Bitew, Zebenay Workneh Boloor, Archith Brady, Oliver J. Butt, Zahid A. Car, Josip Carvalho, Felix Casey, Daniel C. Chattu, Vijay Kumar Chowdhury, Mohiuddin Ahsanul Kabir Chu, Dinh-Toi Coelho, Camila H. Cook, Aubrey J. Damiani, Giovanni Daoud, Farah Gela, Jiregna Darega Darwish, Amira Hamed Daryani, Ahmad Das, Jai K. Davis Weaver, Nicole Deribe, Kebede Desalew, Assefa Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda Dianatinasab, Mostafa Diaz, Daniel Djalalinia, Shirin Dorostkar, Fariba Dubljanin, Eleonora Duko, Bereket Dwyer-Lindgren, Laura Effiong, Andem El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa El Tantawi, Maha Enany, Shymaa Fattahi, Nazir Feigin, Valery L. Fernandes, Eduarda Ferrara, Pietro Fischer, Florian Foigt, Nataliya A. Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin Foroutan, Masoud Frostad, Joseph Jon Fukumoto, Takeshi Gaidhane, Abhay Motiramji Gebrekrstos, Hailemikael Gebrekidan G. K. Gebremeskel, Leake Gebreslassie, Assefa Ayalew Gething, Peter W. Gezae, Kebede Embaye Ghadiri, Keyghobad Ghashghaee, Ahmad Golechha, Mahaveer Gubar Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Malaria Atlas Project University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom Imperial College London London United Kingdom Department of Laboratory Medicine Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge Sweden Research Center for Immunodeficiencies Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Public Health Debre Berhan University Debre Berhan Ethiopia Department of Clinical Sciences University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates Population Health Sciences King’s College London London United Kingdom Centre of Excellence for Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis Stellenbosch University Stellenbosch South Africa Department of Global Health Stellenbosch University Cape Town South Africa Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Qom University of Medical Sciences Qom Iran Faculty of Medicine and Public Health Jenderal Soedirman University Purwokerto Indonesia Mayo Evidence-based Practice Center Mayo Clinic Foundation for Medical Education and Research Rochester MN United States John T. Milliken Department of Internal Medicine Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis MO United States Clinical Epidemiology Center Department of Veterans Affairs St Louis MO United States Institute of Health Research University of Health and Allied Sciences Ho Ghana Department of Information Systems College of Economics and Political Science Sultan Qaboos University Muscat Oman Infectious and Tropical Disease Research Center Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences Bandar Abbas Iran Department of Health Policy and Management Kuwait University Safat Kuwait International Centre for Casemix and Clinical Coding National University of Malaysia Bandar Tun Razak Malaysia Department of Epidemiology Arak University of Medical Sciences Arak Iran Medical Research Center

Despite substantial declines since 2000, lower respiratory infections (LRIs), diarrhoeal diseases, and malaria remain among the leading causes of nonfatal and fatal disease burden for children under 5 years of age (under 5), primarily in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The spatial burden of each of these diseases has been estimated subnationally across SSA, yet no prior analyses have examined the pattern of their combined burden. Here we synthesise subnational estimates of the burden of LRIs, diarrhoea, and malaria in children under-5 from 2000 to 2017 for 43 sub-Saharan countries. Some units faced a relatively equal burden from each of the three diseases, while others had one or two dominant sources of unit-level burden, with no consistent pattern geographically across the entire subcontinent. Using a subnational counterfactual analysis, we show that nearly 300 million DALYs could have been averted since 2000 by raising all units to their national average. Our findings are directly relevant for decision-makers in determining which and targeting where the most appropriate interventions are for increasing child survival. © 2022, The Author(s).

关键词： Biogeography Epidemiology Infectious diseases Malaria

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Mapping geographical inequalities in childhood diarrhoeal morbidity and mortality in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000-17: analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 (vol 395, pg 1779, 2020)

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LANCET 2020年第10239期395卷 1762-1762页

作者： Reiner, R. C., Jr. Hay, S., I Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Global Health School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States College of Health and Medical Sciences Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia School of Nursing and Midwifery Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia School of Pharmacy Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia School of Public Health Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Cancer Biology Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Cancer Research Institute Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Economics and Management Sciences for Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Environmental Health Engineering Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Health Management and Economics Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Microbiology Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Pharmacology Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Digestive Diseases Research Institute Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Iran National Institute of Health Research Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Metabolomics and

Summary Background Across low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), one in ten deaths in children younger than 5 years is attributable to diarrhoea. The substantial between-country variation in both diarrhoea incidence and mortality is attributable to interventions that protect children, prevent infection, and treat disease. Identifying subnational regions with the highest burden and mapping associated risk factors can aid in reducing preventable childhood *** We used Bayesian model-based geostatistics and a geolocated dataset comprising 15 072 746 children younger than 5 years from 466 surveys in 94 LMICs, in combination with findings of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017, to estimate posterior distributions of diarrhoea prevalence, incidence, and mortality from 2000 to 2017. From these data, we estimated the burden of diarrhoea at varying subnational levels (termed units) by spatially aggregating draws, and we investigated the drivers of subnational patterns by creating aggregated risk factor *** The greatest declines in diarrhoeal mortality were seen in south and southeast Asia and South America, where 54·0% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 38·1-65·8), 17·4% (7·7-28·4), and 59·5% (34·2-86·9) of units, respectively, recorded decreases in deaths from diarrhoea greater than 10%. Although children in much of Africa remain at high risk of death due to diarrhoea, regions with the most deaths were outside Africa, with the highest mortality units located in Pakistan. Indonesia showed the greatest within-country geographical inequality; some regions had mortality rates nearly four times the average country rate. Reductions in mortality were correlated to improvements in water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) or reductions in child growth failure (CGF). Similarly, most high-risk areas had poor WASH, high CGF, or low oral rehydration therapy *** By co-analysing geospatial trends in d

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Corrigendum to “The impact of sugar sweetened beverage intake on hunger and satiety in minority adolescents” [Appetite 97 (2016) 43–48]

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Appetite 2016年 100卷 272-272页

作者： Grace E. Shearrer Gillian A. O'Reilly Britini R. Belcher Michael J. Daniels Michael I. Goran Donna Spruijt-Metz Jaimie N. Davis Department of Nutrition University of Texas Austin TX USA Center for Economic and Social Research University of Southern California USA Risk Factor Monitoring and Methods Branch Applied Research Program National Cancer Institute Bethesda MD USA Department of Statistics and Computation University of Texas Austin TX USA Institute for Prevention Research Department of Preventive Medicine Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA

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26th Annual Computational Neuroscience Meeting (CNS*2017) of the Organization for Computational Neuroscience Antwerp, Belgium, July 15-20, 2017

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BMC NEUROSCIENCE 2017年第SUPPL 1期18卷 59-59页

作者： [Anonymous] Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis Indianapolis IN 46032 USA Stark Neurosciences Research Institute Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis IN 46032 USA Department of Mathematics East Carolina University Greenville NC 27858 USA Jülich Supercomputing Centre Forschungszentrum Jülich 52425 Jülich Germany Future Systems Swiss National Supercomputing Centre 8092 Zurich Switzerland User Engagement and Support Swiss National Supercomputing Centre 6900 Lugano Switzerland Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Aix Marseille Univ 13005 Marseille France Simulation Lab Neuroscience Forschungszentrum Jülich Jülich Germany Department of Experimental Psychology Ghent University 9000 Ghent Belgium Donders Center for Cognitive Neuroimaging Radboud University 6525HR Nijmegen The Netherlands Department of Electrical Computer and Energy Engineering University of Colorado Boulder CO 80309 USA Department of Neurosurgery Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore MD 21287 USA Department of Neurology Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore MD 21287 USA Department of Otolaryngology Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore MD 21287 USA INSERM U968 Paris France Sorbonne Universités UPMC University Paris 06 UMR_S 968 Institut de la Vision Paris France CNRS UMR_7210 Paris France Department of Computer Architecture and Technology University of Granada (CITIC) Granada Spain Sorbonne Universités UPMC Univ Paris 06 INSERM CNRS Institut de la Vision Paris France Department of Adaptive Machine Systems Osaka University Osaka Japan Department of Computer Science University of Cergy-Pontoise Cergy-Pontoise France Department of Physics and Astronomy College of Charleston Charleston SC 29424 USA School of Physics Faculty of Science University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia Center of Excellence for Integrative Brain Function Australian Research Council Sydney Australia Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences Saxony Lei

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World Congress Integrative Medicine & Health 2017: Part one: Berlin, Germany. 3-5 May 2017

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BMC Complement Altern Med 2017年第SUPPL 1期17卷 322-322页

作者： Benno Brinkhaus Torkel Falkenberg Aviad Haramati Stefan N. Willich Josephine P. Briggs Merlin Willcox Klaus Linde Töres Theorell Lisa M. Wong Jeffrey Dusek Darong Wu David Eisenberg Bettina Berger Kathi Kemper Beate Stock-Schröer Hedda Sützl-Klein Rosaria Ferreri Gary Kaplan Harald Matthes Gabriele Rotter Elad Schiff Zahi Arnon Eckhard Hahn Christina M. Luberto David Martin Silke Schwarz Diethard Tauschel Andrew Flower Harsha Gramminger Hedwig H. Gupta S. N. Gupta Annette Kerckhoff Christian S. Kessler Andreas Michalsen Eun S. Kim Eun H. Jang Rana Kim Sae B. Jan Martin Mittwede Wiebke Mohme Eran Ben-Arye Massimo Bonucci Bashar Saad Thomas Breitkreuz Elio Rossi Rejin Kebudi Michel Daher Samaher Razaq Nahla Gafer Omar Nimri Mohamed Hablas Gunver Sophia Kienle Noah Samuels Michael Silbermann Lena Bandelin Anna-Lena Lang Eva Wartner Christoph Holtermann Maxwell Binstock Robert Riebau Edin Mujkanovic Holger Cramer Romy Lauche Andres Michalsen Lesley Ward Dominik Irnich Wolfram Stör Geoffrey Burnstock Hans-Georg Schaible Thomas Ots Jost Langhorst Tobias Sundberg Catherina Amarell Melanie Anheyer Marion Eckert Mercedes Ogal Annette Schönauer Birgit Reisenberger Bernhard Brand Dennis Anheyer Gustav Dobos Matthias Kroez Aldo Ammendola Jun J. Mao Claudia Witt Yufei Yang Miriam Oritz Markus Horneber Petra Voiß Alexandra von Rosenstiel Catharina Amarell Friedemann Schad Marc Schläppi Matthias Kröz Arndt Büssing Gil Bar-Sela David Avshalomov Samuel Attias Sian Cotton Miek Jong Mats Jong Christian Scheffer Friedrich Edelhäuser Abdullah AlBedah Myeong Soo Lee Mohamed Khalil Keiko Ogawa Yoshiharu Motoo Junsuke Arimitsu Masao Ogawa Genki Shimizu Rainer Stange Karin Kraft Kenny Kuchta Kenji Watanabe D Bonin Harald Gruber Sabine Koch Urs Pohlmann Christine Caldwell Barbara Krantz Ria Kortum Lily Martin Lisa S. Wieland Ben Kligler Susan Gould-Fogerite Yuqing Zhang John J. Riva Michael Lumpkin Emily Ratner Liu Ping Pei Jian Gesa-Meyer Hamme Xiaosong Mao Han Chouping Sven Schröder Josef Hummelsberger Michael Wullinger Marc Brodzky Chr Institute for Social Medicine Epidemiology and Health Economics Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society Division of Nursing Research Group Integrative Care Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden I C – The Integrative Care Science Center Järna Sweden Department of Biochemistry Molecular and Cellular Biology Georgetown University Medical Center Washington DC USA Department of Medicine Georgetown University Medical Center Washington DC USA NCCIH NIH Bethesda MD USA Department of Primary Care and Population Sciences University of Southampton Aldermoor Health Centre Coxford Rd Southampton 2016 5ST UK Institute of General Practice Technical University Munich Munich Germany Department of Neuroscience Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden Stress Research Institute Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden Arts and Humanities Initiative Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 USA Psychosomatic medicine Neuropsychology Allina Health Minneapolis MN USA nd Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou China Department of Nutrition Harvard University T H Chan School of Public Health Boston MA 02115 USA Department of Health University of Witten/Herdecke Witten/Herdecke Germany OSU Blacklick OH USA Carstens-Foundation and FORUM D-45276 Essen Germany ESIHR (European Society for Integrative Health Care) A-1070 Vienna Austria Hospital Centre of Integrated Medicine Hospital of Pitiglian o ASL SudEst Toscana Grosseto Italy The Kaplan Center for Integrative Medicine Georgetown University McLean VA USA Hospital Havelhöhe Berlin Germany Institute for Social Medicine Epidemiology and Health Economics Charité University Hospital Berlin Germany Internal medicine and Complementary medicine service Bnai Zion Medical Center Haifa Israel Complementary-Integrative Surgery Service Bnai Zion Medical Center Haifa Israel The Emek Yezreel Academic College Yezreel Valley Israel Medicine

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I just like guys (girls)

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Qualitative Inquiry 2011年第9期17卷 875-875页

作者： Teman, Eric D. Program of Applied Statistics and Research Methods College of Education and Behavioral Sciences University of Northern Colorado Greeley CO 80639 McKee 518 Campus Box 124 United States

As part of an educational ethnography of a queer cultural center at a western United States university, I explored the center's cultural importance on the college campus and in its surrounding community. During the course of this study, I used semistructured interviews to inquire about the coming out experiences of four of my participants. research poetry was used to capture the emotional and poignant words of my gay and lesbian participants. © The Author(s) 2011.

关键词： coming out cultural center educational ethnography gay GLBT research poetry university

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Now, he's not alive

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Qualitative Inquiry 2010年第8期16卷 611-611页

Through a mini-educational ethnography of a queer cultural center at a midsized, Western U.S. university, I explored the center's cultural importance on the college campus and in its surrounding community. During the course of this study, one of my gay male participants, an undergraduate student leader of the center, committed suicide. While interviewing several participants (three gay males and one lesbian), I inquired into their feelings about suicide in the gay community in general and into the suicide of the center's leader in particular. The words of four of my participants are captured in this poem. © The Author(s) 2010.

关键词： cultural center educational ethnography gay GLBT research poetry suicide university

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Identifying and investigating difficult concepts in engineering mechanics and electric circuits

Identifying and investigating difficult concepts in engineer...

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113th Annual ASEE Conference and Exposition, 2006

作者： Streveler, Ruth Geist, Monica Ammerman, Ravel Sulzbach, Candace Miller, Ronald Olds, Barbara Nelson, Mary Colorado School of Mines United States Center for Engineering Education Colorado School of Mines United States Department of Academic Affairs University of Northern Colorado United States Applied Statistics and Research Methods Program University of Northern Colorado United States IEEE Divisio of Engineering Colorado School of Mines United States Society of Women Engineers American Society of Civil Engineers Tau Beta Pi United States ASCE Committee on Student Activities Department of Chemical Engineering Colorado School of Mines United States National Science Foundation Colorado School of Mines United States Department of Liberal Arts and International Studies Colorado School of Mines United States Division of Research Evaluation and Communication EHR Directorate of the National Science Foundation University of Colorado United States Research and Evaluation Methods University of Colorado Boulder United States

Two research questions motivated this study: "What important concepts in electric circuits and engineering mechanics do students find difficult to learn?" and "How can we describe students' mental models of the concepts identified in question 1?" This paper discusses the process used to identify difficult concepts in engineering mechanics and electric circuits, the results ofthat identification process, and the results of interviews to uncover the mental models engineering students use to explain these concepts. This study, part of the Center for the Advancement in Engineering Education's "Scholarship of Learning Engineering" element, builds on previous work in thermal and transport science and allows comparisons among difficult concepts in chemical engineering, mechanical engineering, and electrical engineering. © American Society for Engineering Education, 2006.

关键词： Engineering education

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Misconceptions about rate processes: Preliminary evidence for the importance of emergent conceptual schemas in thermal and transport sciences

Misconceptions about rate processes: Preliminary evidence fo...

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113th Annual ASEE Conference and Exposition, 2006

作者： Miller, Ronald Streveler, Ruth Olds, Barbara Chi, Michelene Nelson, Mary Geist, Monica Colorado School of Mines United States Department of Chemical Engineering Colorado School of Mines United States Center for Engineering Education Colorado School of Mines United States Academic Affairs National Science Foundation Colorado School of Mines United States Liberal Arts and International Studies Colorado School of Mines United States Division of Research Evaluation and Communication EHR Directorate of the National Science Foundation University of Pittsburgh United States Learning Research and Development Center United States Department of Psychology University of Pittsburgh United States University of Colorado United States University of Northern Colorado United States Applied Statistics and Research Methods Program University of Northern Colorado United States

This paper reports preliminary evidence that a significant number of engineering students possess robust misconceptions about rate processes such as transfer of heat even after years of study in thermal and transport sciences including fluid mechanics, heat transfer, and thermodynamics. Data from the Thermal and Transport Concept Inventory (TTCI) currently under development and additional questions specifically written for the present study are reported and analyzed. Results indicate the presence of a persistent misconception about the relationship between the rate of heat transfer and amount of energy transferred in processes of engineering interest. We use the emergent theory developed by Chi and colleagues to propose a possible explanation for these findings. © American Society for Engineering Education, 2006.

关键词： Engineering education

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