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arXiv 2021年

作者： Liu, Penghang Masuda, Naoki Kito, Tomomi Sarıyüce, Ahmet Erdem Department of Computer Science and Engineering State University of New York at Buffalo BuffaloNY United States Department of Mathematics State University of New York at Buffalo BuffaloNY United States Computational and Data-Enabled Science and Engineering Program State University of New York at Buffalo BuffaloNY United States Faculty of Science and Engineering Waseda University Tokyo Japan

Patents are intellectual properties that reflect innovative activities of companies and organizations. The literature is rich with the studies that analyze the citations among the patents and the collaboration relations among companies that own the patents. However, the adversarial relations between the patent owners are not as well investigated. One proxy to model such relations is the patent opposition, which is a legal activity in which a company challenges the validity of a patent. Characterizing the patent oppositions, collaborations, and the interplay between them can help better understand the companies’ business strategies. Temporality matters in this context as the order and frequency of oppositions and collaborations characterize their interplay. In this study, we construct a two-layer temporal network to model the patent oppositions and collaborations among the companies. We utilize temporal motifs to analyze the oppositions and collaborations from structural and temporal perspectives. We first characterize the frequent motifs in patent oppositions and investigate how often the companies of different sizes attack other companies. We show that large companies tend to engage in opposition with multiple companies. Then we analyze the temporal interplay between collaborations and oppositions. We find that two adversarial companies are more likely to collaborate in the future than two collaborating companies oppose each other in the future. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Patents and inventions

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Phase-engineered heterostructures of Mo2C by plasma-assisted selenization and sulfurization processes toward excellent hydrogen evolution reaction

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Nano Energy 2024年 122卷

作者： Kimbulapitiya, K.M.M.D.K. Rehman, Bushra Wani, Sumayah Shakil Chen, Chieh-Ting Cyu, Ruei-Hong Manikandan, Arumugam Date, Manisha Kondiba Peng, Yu-Ren Kumara, R.J.G.L.R. Chuang, Feng-Chuan Chueh, Yu-Lun Department of Physics National Sun Yat-sen University Kaohsiung80424 Taiwan Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Tsing-Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan College of Semiconductor Research National Tsing-Hua University Hsinchu30013 Taiwan Center for Nanotechnology Materials Science and Microsystem National Tsing-Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan Ph.D. Program in Prospective Functional Materials Industry National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu30013 Taiwan Physics Division National Center for Theoretical Sciences Hsinchu30013 Taiwan Center for Theoretical and Computational Physics National Sun Yat-Sen University Kaohsiung80424 Taiwan Department of Physics National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu30013 Taiwan

Due to the outstanding semiconducting and metallic properties, 2D materials such as Transition Metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) and Transition Metal Carbides (TMCs) appear to be promising candidate for Nano-scale electronics devices. Among them, 2D - Mo2C (Molybdenum carbide) has attracted attention as a new member of the MXene group, owing to its potential applications for superconductors, electronics devices, and catalysts for Hydrogen evolution Reactions (HER). Structural modification toward the creation of novel heterostructures with phase engineering opens new pathways for different applications. Herein, we prepared a large area Mo2C film by chemical vapor deposition method. The upper region of Mo2C layers can be oxidized to create Mo2C/MoOx heterostructures. Furthermore, those oxide layers were further transformed into MoSe2 and MoS2 by plasma-assisted selenization and sulfurization processes at different temperatures with a fixed plasma power of 150 W. The heterostructures demonstrated outstanding electrocatalytic activity for HER due to an existed metallic phase and active sites present after plasma-assisted selenization and sulfurization processes at the low temperature. The performance of the HER decreases at high temperatures owing to their semiconducting phase. The pristine Mo2C showed a Tafel slope of 72 mV dec−1 and an overpotential of 276 mV at 10 mA/cm2, while the Mo2C/MoSe2 heterostructure synthesized at 350 °C350 °exhibited an improved Tafel slope of 66 mV dec−1 and overpotential of 257 mV at 10 mA/ cm2. Additionally, the Mo2C/MoS2 heterostructure prepared at 350 °C also demonstrated a 263 mV improvement in overpotential at 10 mA/cm2. All the heterostructures showed excellent stability over a period of 10 h except Mo2C/MoOx. This work opens new strategies to fabricate high-quality MXene and TMDs heterostructures with metal-semiconductor interface. © 2024

关键词： Molybdenum compounds

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Shin et al. Reply:

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Physical Review Letters 2023年第5期131卷 059602-059602页

作者： Dongbin Shin Nicolas Tancogne-Dejean Jin Zhang Mahmut Sait Okyay Angel Rubio Noejung Park Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter and Center for Free-Electron Laser Science Luruper Chaussee 149 22761 Hamburg Germany Department of Physics and Photon Science Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) Gwangju 61005 Republic of Korea Materials Science & Engineering Program Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering Department of Physics & Astronomy and Department of Chemistry University of California-Riverside Riverside 92521 California USA Nano-Bio Spectroscopy Group Departamento de Fsica de Materiales Universidad del Pas Vasco 20018 San Sebastian Spain Center for Computational Quantum Physics (CCQ) The Flatiron Institute 162 Fifth avenue New York New York 10010 USA Department of Physics Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) UNIST-gil 50 Ulsan 44919 Korea

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Narrowing of the Racial Disparities Gap in Survival of Patients With Mycosis Fungoides: A Longitudinal Analysis of the SEER Database

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Clinical Lymphoma, Myeloma and Leukemia 2025年第7期25卷 e501-e506页

作者： Le, Britney Soror, Noha Ismail, Hamid D. Baker, Mohammed Shetayyah, Salman Abu Chung, Catherine G. William, Basem M. Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine Dublin OH The University of Oklahoma College of Medicine Oklahoma City OK United States Department of Computational Data Science and Engineering North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University Greensboro NC United States Faculty of Medicine Jordan University of Science and Technology Irbid Jordan The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center: Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute Division of Dermatology Columbus OH Ohio Health Blood and Marrow Transplant Program Columbus OH

Background: Mycosis fungoides (MF) is the commonest subtype of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. In the United States, prior studies reported that African Americans (AA) with MF had poor outcomes. Data characterizing differences in racial disparity outcomes over time are limited. Patients and Methods: We collected data from the United States Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database to investigate the survival patterns of patients with MF from 1988 to 2011. Cases were divided into 3 cohorts based on the year of diagnosis. Univariable and multivariable analysis were conducted to assess for factors associated with overall survival (OS). Results: 2896 cases of MF were detected, with a median follow-up duration of 60 months. The disparity in survival between the years 1988-1995 and 2004-2011 was significant (P =.05). The parameter estimates of the Cox proportional hazards model for the 1988-1995 period (using the 2004-2011 period as a reference) was also significant (P =.024). Patients diagnosed between 1988 and 1995 were 1.4 times more likely to die from the disease than those diagnosed between 2004 and 2011. The survival gap between AA and white patients narrowed in 1996-2003 and 2004-2011 in comparison to 1988-1995. This indicates improvements in the survival of AA patients over time. Conversely, the survival rates of white patients remained relatively stable over time. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that AA with MF have reduced survival. Despite the persistent pattern of lower survival across all periods, the gap in survival between white and AA seems to be narrowing over time. © 2025 Elsevier Inc.

关键词： Cutaneous lymphoma Mycosis fungoides Outcome research Racial disparity SEER database

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ON THE STABILITY OF POSITIVE SEMIGROUPS

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Del Moral, Pierre Horton, Emma Jasra, Ajay Centre de Recherche Inria Bordeaux Sud-Ouest Talence 33405 France Applied Mathematics and Computational Science Program Computer Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science & Technology Building 1 Thuwal23955-6900 Saudi Arabia

The stability and contraction properties of positive integral semigroups on Polish spaces are investigated. Our novel analysis is based on the extension of V -norm contraction methods, associated to functionally weighted Banach spaces for Markov semigroups, to positive semigroups. This methodology is applied to a general class of positive and possibly time-inhomogeneous bounded integral semigroups and their normalised versions. The spectral theorems that we develop are an extension of Perron-Frobenius and Krein-Rutman theorems for positive operators to a class of time-varying positive semigroups. In the context of time-homogeneous models, the regularity conditions discussed in the present article appear to be necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of leading eigenvalues. We review and illustrate the impact of these results in the context of positive semigroups arising in transport theory, physics, mathematical biology and signal processing. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Banach spaces

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Estimating Causal Effects using a Multi-task Deep Ensemble

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Jiang, Ziyang Hou, Zhuoran Liu, Yiling Ren, Yiman Li, Keyu Carlson, David Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Duke University DurhamNC United States Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Duke University School of Medicine DurhamNC United States Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Duke University School of Medicine DurhamNC United States Department of Economics University of Michigan Ross School of Business Ann ArborMI United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Duke University DurhamNC United States Department of Computer Science Duke University DurhamNC United States

A number of methods have been proposed for causal effect estimation, yet few have demonstrated efficacy in handling data with complex structures, such as images. To fill this gap, we propose Causal Multi-task Deep Ensemble (CMDE), a novel framework that learns both shared and group-specific information from the study population. We provide proofs demonstrating equivalency of CDME to a multi-task Gaussian process (GP) with a coregionalization kernel a priori. Compared to multi-task GP, CMDE efficiently handles high-dimensional and multi-modal covariates and provides pointwise uncertainty estimates of causal effects. We evaluate our method across various types of datasets and tasks and find that CMDE outperforms state-of-the-art methods on a majority of these tasks. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Data handling

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Biogas production and its utilization in internal combustion engines - A review

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Process Safety and Environmental Protection 2024年 186卷 518-539页

作者： Vasan, Vinod Sridharan, Naveen Venkatesh Feroskhan, M. Vaithiyanathan, Sugumaran Subramanian, Balaji Tsai, Pei-Chien Lin, Yuan-Chung Lay, Chyi-How Wang, Chin-Tsan Ponnusamy, Vinoth Kumar Vellore Institute of Technology Chennai600127 India Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Technology SRM Institute of Science and Technology Kattankulathur Chennai603203 India Kaohsiung City807 Taiwan Department of Computational Biology Institute of Bioinformatics Saveetha School of Engineering Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences Tamil Nadu Chennai602105 India Institute of Environmental Engineering National Sun Yat-sen University Kaohsiung804 Taiwan Center for Emerging Contaminants Research National Sun Yat-sen University Kaohsiung804 Taiwan Master's Program of Green Energy Science and Technology Feng Chia University Taichung City407102 Taiwan Department of Mechanical and Electro-Mechanical Engineering National I-Lan University I Lan Taiwan Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung City807 Taiwan Kaohsiung City807 Taiwan Division of Operation and Maintenance Engineering Luleå University of Technology Luleå Sweden Department of Chemistry National Sun Yat-sen University Kaohsiung804 Taiwan

This review presents the significance and current challenges associated with fossil fuels, highlighting the need for cleaner and more sustainable energy sources. The significant object of the current study is to concentrate on increased interest in utilizing biogas as a viable substitute for traditional fuels, delving into its characteristics, benefits, accessibility, feasibility, and prospects as an environmentally sustainable energy option. The current study extensively analyses the prospect and significance of biogas in mitigating emissions regulations in Internal Combustion Engines (ICEs). This paper provides a comprehensive overview of recent research on incorporating biogas in internal combustion engines, focusing on emission reduction and the corresponding impact on engine performance. The subject matter encompasses a range of facets about biogas, encompassing its origins, chemical composition, purification, enhancement techniques, and requisite engine adjustments to enable the effective utilization of biogas as an alternative fuel. The study also evaluates the performance of biogas-fuelled ICEs based on the results of cross-referencing with contemporary research and investigates peripheral aspects such as additive inclusion to increase biogas capabilities as fuel and potential applications in advanced engine modes of operation. The review identifies research gaps in the domains of biogas processing and utilization in ICEs and acknowledges existing challenges specific to the adoption of biogas as a conventional fuel alternative. Future research directions are also prescribed, further highlighting the importance of transitioning from fossil fuels to meet environmental goals and global energy demands. © 2024 The Institution of Chemical Engineers

关键词： Biogas

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Tempered enthusiasm by interviewed experts for synthetic data and ELSI checklists for AI in medicine

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AI and ethics 2025年第3期5卷 3241-3254页

作者： Laura Y Cabrera Jennifer Wagner Sara Gerke Daniel Susser Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics Pennsylvania State University W-316 Millennium Science Complex University Park PA 16802 USA. Department of Philosophy Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA. Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA. Rock Ethics Institute Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA. Bioethics Program Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA. School of Engineering Design and Innovation Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA. Department of Anthropology Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA. Department of Biomedical Engineering Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA. Institute for Computational and Data Sciences Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA. College of Law and European Union Center University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Champaign IL 61820 USA. Department of Information Science Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853 USA.

Synthetic data are increasingly being used in data-driven fields. While synthetic data is a promising tool in medicine, it raises new ethical, legal, and social implications (ELSI) challenges. There is a recognized need for well-designed approaches and standards for documenting and communicating relevant information about artificial intelligence (AI) research datasets and models, including consideration of the many ELSI challenges. This study investigates the ethical dimensions of synthetic data and explores the utility and challenges of ELSI-focused computational checklists for biomedical AI via semi-structure interviews with subject matter experts. Our results suggest that AI experts have tempered views about the promises and challenges of both synthetic data and ELSI-focused computational checklists. Experts discussed a number of ELSI issues covered by previous literature on the topic, such as issues of bias and privacy, yet other less discussed ELSI issues, such as social justice implications and issues of trust were also raised. When discussing ELSI-focused computational checklists our participants highlighted the challenges connected to developing and implementing them.

关键词： Artificial intelligence computational checklists ELSI Synthetic data

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Accuracy of a one-dimensional reduction of dynamical systems on networks

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Kundu, Prosenjit Kori, Hiroshi Masuda, Naoki Department of Mathematics State University of New York BuffaloNY14260-2900 United States Department of Complexity Science and Engineering The University of Tokyo Chiba277-8561 Japan Computational and Data-Enabled Science and Engineering Program State University of New York at Buffalo BuffaloNY14260-5030 United States

Resilience is an ability of a system with which the system can adjust its activity to maintain its functionality when it is perturbed. To study resilience of dynamics on networks, Gao et al. [Nature, 530, 307 (2016)] proposed a theoretical framework to reduce dynamical systems on networks, which are high dimensional in general, to one-dimensional dynamical systems. The accuracy of this one-dimensional reduction relies on several assumption in addition to the assumption that the network has a negligible degree correlation. In the present study, we analyze the accuracy of the one-dimensional reduction assuming networks without degree correlation. We do so mainly through examining the validity of the individual assumptions underlying the method. Across five dynamical system models, we find that the accuracy of the one-dimensional reduction hinges on the spread of the equilibrium value of the state variable across the nodes in most cases. Specifically, the one-dimensional reduction tends to be accurate when the dispersion of the node's state is small. We also find that the correlation between the node's state and the node's degree, which is common for various dynamical systems on networks, is unrelated to the accuracy of the one-dimensional reduction. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Dynamical systems

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Special issue on genome wide association study

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Quantitative Biology 2021年第2期9卷 105-106页

作者： Lin Hou Qiongshi Lu Can Yang Hongyu Zhao Center for Statistical Science Department of Industrial EngineeringMOE Key Laboratory of BioinformaticsSchool of Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics Department of StatisticsCenter for Demography of Health and AgingUniversity of Wisconsin-MadisonWl 53726USA Department of Mathematics the Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongChina Department of Biostatistics Yale School of Public HealthNew HavenCT 06510USA Department of Genetics Yale UniversityNew HavenCT 06510USA Program of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Yale UniversityNew HavenCT 06510USA

Since the first success of genome wide association study(GWAS)was reported in 2005 by Hoh and colleagues on the identification of a major gene for age related macular degeneration,many thousands of published studies have reported reproducible association signals between hundreds of thousands of genetic variants and thousands of traits and diseases in the past 16 *** is a growing number of biobanks with up to one million participants developed across the world to facilitate genetic studies of complex traits through ***,many consortium projects have been initiated to collect diverse types of data that have proved very valuable for integrated analysis of GWAS *** rich data present both great opportunities and challenges to scientists on data management,computation,analysis,integration,and *** special issue of Quantitative Biology collects nine papers that cover major progresses,challenges,and future directions for GWAS analysis.

关键词： hundreds GWAS initiated

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