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12th Conference of International Building Performance Simulation Association Building Simulation 2011, BS 2011

作者： Pratt, Kevin B. Bosworth, David E. Department of Architecture Cornell University Ithaca NY United States Program of Computer Graphics Cornell University Ithaca NY United States

This paper presents new methods for understanding specific building performance trends and their dependencies by parameterizing digital building models over multiple variables in order to create a high dimensional design space that can be rapidly simulated, analyzed, and visualized. These methods allow for the potential delineation of multiple areas of the design space that are characterized by relatively high performance instead of a single optimum. The ability to identify clusters of high performance is particularly helpful to architectural design processes, which must take into consideration variables that cannot be parameterized and resist quantitative methods of optimization.

关键词： Architectural design

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Semi-automatic generation of transfer functions for direct volume rendering

Semi-automatic generation of transfer functions for direct v...

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1998 IEEE Symposium on Volume Visualization, VVS 1998

作者： Kindlmann, Gordon Durkin, James W. Program of Computer Graphics Cornell University IthacaNY14853 United States Department of Computer Science University of Utah Salt Late CityUT84102 United States

ISBN: (纸本)1581131054

Although direct volume rendering is a powerful tool for \isualizing complex structures within volume data, the size and complexity of the parameter space controlling the rendering process makes generating an informative rendering challenging. In particular, the specification of the transfer function - the mapping from data values to renderable optical properties-is frequently a time-consuming and unintuitive task. Ideally, the data being visualized should itself suggest an appropriate transfer function that brings out the features of interest without obscuring them with elements of little importance. We demonstrate that this is possible for a large class of scalar volume data, namely that where the regions of interest are the boundaries between different materials. A transfer function which makes boundaries readily visible can be generated from the relationship between three quantities: the data value and its first and second directional derivatives along the gradient direction. A data structure we term the histogram volume captures the relationship between these quantities throughout the volume in a position independent, computationally efficient fashion. We describe the theoretical importance of the quantities measured by the histogram volume, the implementation issues in its calculation, and a method for semiautomatic transfer function generation through its analysis. We conclude with results of the method on both idealized synthetic data as well as real world dataseis. Copyright 1998 IEEE.

关键词： Transfer functions

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A model of visual adaptation for realistic image synthesis 96

A model of visual adaptation for realistic image synthesis

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23rd Annual Conference on computer graphics and Interactive Techniques, SIGGRAPH 1996

作者： Ferwerda, James A. Pattanaik, Sumanta N. Shirley, Peter Greenberg, Donald P. Program of Computer Graphics 580 Frank H. T. Rhodes Hall Cornell University IthacaNY14853 United States

ISBN: (纸本)0897917464

In this paper we develop a computational model of visual adaptation for realistic image synthesis based on psychophysical experiments. The model captures the changes in threshold visibility, color appearance, visual acuity, and sensitivity over time that are caused by the visual system's adaptation mechanisms. We use the model to display the results of global illumination simulations illuminated at intensities ranging from daylight down to starlight. The resulting images better capture the visual characteristics of scenes viewed over a wide range of illumination levels. Because the model is based on psychophysical data it can be used to predict the visibility and appearance of scene features. This allows the model to be used as the basis of perceptually-based error metrics for limiting the precision of global illumination computations. © 1996 ACM.

关键词： Visibility

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Too many cooks don't spoil the broth: light simulation on massively parallel computers

Too many cooks don't spoil the broth: light simulation on ma...

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Frontiers of Massively Parallel Computation

作者： P. Kochevar Program of Computer Graphics Cornell University USA

A computer graphics algorithm for simulating the propagation of light and its interaction with matter on a massively parallel computer is presented. This algorithm, called the tagged shooting method, is designed for a virtual machine containing a great number of simple communicating processors arrayed into a cubical three-dimensional lattice. Only nearest neighbor communication among processors is assumed, and there is no reliance on global shared memory. The algorithm is similar in spirit to the classical progressive refinement radiosity method designed for more conventional computers but is not an adaptation of that technique to massive parallelism. Instead, the new algorithm uses a discretization of the wave equation as a local rule for shuttling radiant energy values between processors that correspond to regions of space. A number of example images that were created with an implementation of the algorithm on a Connection Machine are depicted and critiqued.< >

关键词： Computational modeling Concurrent computing Design methodology Algorithm design and analysis computer graphics computer simulation Optical propagation Virtual machining Lattices Nearest neighbor searches

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Act: an easy-to-use and dynamically extensible 3D graphics library

Act: an easy-to-use and dynamically extensible 3D graphics l...

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Brazilian Symposium on computer graphics and Image Processing (SIBGRAPI)

作者： W. Celes J. Corson-Rikert Program of Computer Graphics Cornell University USA

The paper presents Act, an object oriented library for projects from specialized 3D graphics applications to simple interactive educational programs. Act meets the needs of both occasional and expert graphics programmers, offering a high level access to the OpenGL library and additional features including object creation, manipulation, and interaction. An interpreted language allows the Act library to be extended easily and dynamically.

关键词： programming profession computer graphics Layout Software libraries Graphical user interfaces Application software Educational programs Dynamic programming Rendering (computer graphics) Object oriented programming

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Semi-automatic generation of transfer functions for direct volume rendering

Semi-automatic generation of transfer functions for direct v...

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IEEE Symposium on Volume Visualization and graphics

作者： G. Kindlmann J.W. Durkin Program of Computer Graphics Cornell University Salt Lake UT USA Program of Computer Graphics Cornell University Ithaca NY USA

Although direct volume rendering is a powerful tool for visualizing complex structures within volume data, the size and complexity of the parameter space controlling the rendering process makes generating an informative rendering challenging. In particular, the specification of the transfer function-the mapping from data values to renderable optical properties-is frequently a time consuming and unintuitive task. Ideally, the data being visualized should itself suggest an appropriate transfer function that brings out the features of interest without obscuring them with elements of little importance. We demonstrate that this is possible for a large class of scalar volume data, namely that where the regions of interest are the boundaries between different materials. A transfer function which makes boundaries readily visible can be generated from the relationship between three quantities: the data value and its first and second directional derivatives along the gradient direction. A data structure we term the histogram volume captures the relationship between these quantities throughout the volume in a position independent, computationally efficient fashion. We describe the theoretical importance of the quantities measured by the histogram volume, the implementation issues in its calculation, and a method for semiautomatic transfer function generation through its analysis. We conclude with results of the method on both idealized synthetic data as well as real world datasets.

关键词： Transfer functions Data visualization Histograms Size control Process control Power generation Data structures Volume measurement

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Comparison of Mixed-Mode Stress-Intensity Factors Obtained Through Displacement Correlation, J-Integral Formulation, and Modified Crack-Closure Integral 22

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22nd National Symposium on Fracture Mechanics, NSFM 1990

作者： Bittencourt, Tulio N. Barry, Ahmabou Ingraffea, Anthony R. Department of Structural Engineering School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Program of Computer Graphics Fracture Group Cornell University IthacaNY14850 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780803114401

This paper presents a comparison among stress-intensity factors for mixed-mode two-dimensional problems obtained through three different approaches: displacement correlation, J-integral, and modified crack-closure integral. All mentioned procedures involve only one analysis step and are incorporated in the post-processor page of a finite element computer code for fracture mechanics analysis (FRANC). Results are presented for a closed-form solution problem under mixed-mode conditions. The accuracy of these described methods then is discussed and analyzed in the framework of the their numerical results. The influence of the differences among the three methods on the predicted crack trajectory of general problems is also discussed. © 1992 by ASTM International.

关键词： Stress intensity factors

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Hybrid online autotuning for parallel ray tracing

Hybrid online autotuning for parallel ray tracing

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19th Eurographics Symposium on Parallel graphics and Visualization, EGPGV 2019

作者： Herveau, K. Pfaffe, P. Tillmann, M. Tichy, W.F. Dachsbacher, C. Computer Graphics Group Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Germany Institute for Program Structures and Data Organization Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783038680796

Acceleration structures are key to high performance parallel ray tracing. Maximizing performance requires configuring the degrees of freedom (e.g., construction parameters) these data structures expose. Whether a parameter setting is optimal depends on the input (e.g., the scene and view parameters) and hardware. Manual selection is tedious, error prone, and is not portable. To automate the parameter selection task we use a hybrid of model-based prediction and online autotuning. The combination benefits from the best of both worlds: One-shot configuration selection when inputs are known or similar, effective exploration of the configuration space otherwise. Online tuning additionally serves to train the model on real inputs without requiring a-priori training samples. Online autotuning outperforms best-practice configurations recommended by the literature, by up to 11% median. The model predictions achieve 95% of the online autotuning performance while reducing 90% of the autotuner overhead. Hybrid online autotuning thus enables always-on tuning of parallel ray tracing. © 2019 Eurographics Association. All rights reserved.

关键词： Ray tracing

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computer graphics Challenges in Electron Microscope Tomography Visualization

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Microscopy and Microanalysis 2020年第S2期3卷 1127-1128页

作者： James W. Durkin Program of Computer Graphics Cornell University Ithaca NY14853

We are developing a collaborative research environment, the Collaboratory for Microscopic Digital Anatomy (CMDA), to provide remote access to the sophisticated instrumentation located at the Na-tional Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research (NCMIR). The project’s initial focus is the col-lection and analysis of data from NCMIR’s unique intermediate-high voltage transmission electron microscope (HVEM), an instrument expressly designed to obtain images from thick specimens con-taining substantial 3-D structure. Because of the electron optical characteristics of the microscope, its images represent a 2-D projection of the specimen’s 3-D structure. 3-D data is derived, using axial tomography, from a series of projections acquired as the specimen is successively tilted in small angu-lar increments. Visualizing the 3-D volume data generated by this procedure is a key challenge facing the project. Our experience suggests that existing visualization mechanisms are limited in their ability to fully access the data’s biologically interesting information.

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Longitudinal Control and a New Spacing Policy for Automated Transit Vehicles 1

Longitudinal Control and a New Spacing Policy for Automated ...

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1st American Control Conference, ACC 1982

作者： Caudill, Reggie J. Thomas, Steven P. Di Matteo, Peter Civil Engineering Transportation Program Princeton Universty. United States Transportation Program Research Staff Interactive Computer Graphics Laboratory Princeton University United States Princeton University United States

Vehicle operating policies are developed and a longitudinal controller is designed to satisfy the stringent performance criteria of an Automated Guideway Transit (AGT) System operating under model-reference control. The complete control system is comprised of two parts, a model generator and a vehicle controller. The generation of a model velocity, based on ideal vehicle kinematics which include jerk and acceleration limiting, is examined with respect to the performance criteria required for safe operation. Using the phase-plane follower spacing policy, a vehicle controller is designed, evaluated, and implemented on an 8-bit microprocessor to control the vehicle through various maneuvers as simulated on an analog computer. © 1982 AACC.

关键词： Controllers

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