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Development of a Deep Learning-Based Model for Canine Skin Disease Diagnosis Using RandAugment and Patterned-GridMask

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Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2025年第1期74卷 142-148页

作者： Kim, Min-Jun Park, Jae-Beom Cho, Hyun-Chong Dept. of Electronics Engineering Interdisciplinary Graduate Program for BIT Medical Convergence Dept. of Data Science Kangwon National University Korea Republic of Dept. of Interdisciplinary Graduate Program for BIT Medical Convergence Kangwon National University Korea Republic of

In contemporary society, pets are increasingly regarded as integral family members, contributing significantly to human quality of life. The growing prevalence of dog ownership has concurrently escalated the economic burden associated with veterinary care, particularly in managing common conditions like skin diseases. This study introduces an advanced deep learning-based diagnostic system for canine skin diseases, designed for practical application in home environments. We employed RandAugment to enhance data augmentation, thereby increasing the diversity of the training dataset. Furthermore, the implementation of Patterned-GridMask significantly improved the model's generalization capabilities. The use of the AdamW optimization algorithm was instrumental in mitigating overfitting, thus enhancing the model's overall learning efficiency. The proposed Transformer-based model, ViT/B-16, achieved an accuracy of 78.65% with the original dataset. With the integration of RandAugment and Patterned-GridMask techniques, the model's accuracy improved to 84.33%, underscoring its potential effectiveness for practical veterinary applications. Copyright © The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers.

关键词： Medical imaging

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A Study on Optimization and Augmentation Techniques for Improving the Performance of CADx System for Cat Skin Disease

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Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2025年第1期74卷 135-141页

作者： Won, Hyeong-Sik Park, Jae-Beom Cho, Hyun-Chong Dept. of Electronics Engineering Interdisciplinary Graduate Program for BIT Medical Convergence Dept. of Data Science Kangwon National University Korea Republic of Dept. of Interdisciplinary Graduate Program for BIT Medical Convergence Kangwon National University Korea Republic of

In modern society, the number of households raising pets is increasing. As pet ownership increases, the cost of treating companion cats is also rising, with a significant portion of these costs going toward the treatment of skin diseases. Skin diseases are among the common ailments in pets, and swift action is required if they occur in cats. However, early lesions lack distinctive characteristics, making accurate diagnosis difficult. Therefore, this study proposes a CADx(Computer-Aided Diagnosis) system that classifies images of cat skin conditions into inflammatory lesions, non-inflammatory lesions, and normal images using a dataset of cat skin diseases. We selected the ConvNeXt model, based on CNN, which can learn regional information and features. To learn various patterns of skin lesions, we applied Mixup, an image augmentation technique. When Mixup was applied, the model accuracy was 0.8679, showing a 3.35% improvement compared to the original dataset. Additionally, Lookahead Optimizer was applied to ensure stable learning of Mixup. When both Mixup and Lookahead Optimizer were applied, the model accuracy was 0.8741, showing a high improvement of 3.97% compared to the original dataset. Therefore, the Lookahead Optimizer helps with the stable training of mixup, which can improve the performance of the model. Copyright © The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers.

关键词： Dermatology

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Development of a Deep Learning-Based System for Cat Skin Disease Classification and Grad-CAM Visualization

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Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2025年第2期74卷 339-344页

作者： Won, Hyeong-Sik Cho, Hyun-Chong Dept. of Interdisciplinary Graduate Program for BIT Medical Convergence Kangwon National University Korea Republic of Dept. of Electronics Engineering and Interdisciplinary Graduate Program for BIT Medical Convergence Dept. of Data Science Kangwon National University Korea Republic of

Skin diseases in companion cats can worsen if not treated promptly, and this can increase the financial burden on pet owners. To prevent this, early and accurate diagnosis is essential. This study introduces a deep learning-based Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CADx) system designed to classify cat skin diseases into non-inflammatory and inflammatory lesions by comparing them with normal images. The system employs the EfficientNetV2 model and incorporates image augmentation techniques like AutoAugment and AugMix to enhance classification performance. The study results indicate that the developed model achieved an 84.68% accuracy for non-inflammatory lesions, reflecting a 10.06% improvement, and a 97.19% accuracy for inflammatory lesions, reflecting a 2.45% improvement. Furthermore, we applied Grad-CAM to visualize the regions of interest in the images, offering veterinarians critical insights into the location and characteristics of the lesions. This system has the potential to significantly improve the precision of diagnosing skin diseases in companion cats, thereby supporting better veterinary care. Copyright © The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers.

关键词： Veterinary medicine

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Comparative Model Evaluation of Lightweight Transformer-Based and CNN-Based Architechture for Degenerative Lumbar Spine Classification

Comparative Model Evaluation of Lightweight Transformer-Base...

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2025 International Conference on Advancement in data science, E-learning and Information System, ICADEIS 2025

作者： Limicia, Jennifer Ardelia Chandra, Wilbert Gunawan, Alexander Agung Santoso Tedjasulaksana, Jeffrey Junior School of Computer Science Bina Nusantara University Data Science Program Computer Science Department Jakarta11480 Indonesia School of Computer Science Bina Nusantara University Computer Science Department Jakarta11480 Indonesia

ISBN: (纸本)9798331513320

Low back pain is a leading cause of disability globally, is often associated with degenerative lumbar spine conditions. Accurate diagnosis of these conditions is critical but challenging due to the subjective nature of MRI interpretation and the weak correlation between imaging findings and symptoms. Thus, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the performance of CNN-based architectures (VGG-16, EfficientNetB0, EfficientNetV2) and transformer-based architecture specifically Vision Transformers (ViT) in classifying lumbar spine conditions as normal, moderate, or severe. Using the RSNA 2024 Lumbar Spine Degenerative Classification dataset. The models are evaluated using the ROC-AUC and PRAUC as the performance metrics due to the dataset imbalance. Results indicate that EfficientNetB0 achieved the highest overall performance, with an average ROC-AUC of 0.784 and PR-AUC of 0.528, demonstrating strong adaptability to imbalanced datasets. EfficientNetV2 also performed competitively, while VGG-16 showed moderate effectiveness. The Vision Transformer (ViT), however, underperformed due to its reliance on larger datasets and challenges in capturing fine-grained spatial features. The findings highlight the potential of EfficientNet-based models for accurate and efficient lumbar spine diagnostics. This study underscores the potential of advanced deep learning approaches in improving diagnostic workflows for degenerative lumbar spine conditions. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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An Analysis of OpenSeeD for Video Semantic Labeling

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Journal of Computer and Communications 2025年第1期13卷 59-71页

作者： Jenny Zhu NYU Center for Data Science GSTEM Program New York NY USA

Semantic segmentation is a core task in computer vision that allows AI models to interact and understand their surrounding environment. Similarly to how humans subconsciously segment scenes, this ability is crucial for scene understanding. However, a challenge many semantic learning models face is the lack of data. Existing video datasets are limited to short, low-resolution videos that are not representative of real-world examples. Thus, one of our key contributions is a customized semantic segmentation version of the Walking Tours dataset that features hour-long, high-resolution, real-world data from tours of different cities. Additionally, we evaluate the performance of open-vocabulary, semantic model OpenSeeD on our own custom dataset and discuss future implications.

关键词： Semantic Segmentation Detection Labeling OpenSeeD Open-Vocabulary Walking Tours dataset Videos

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Advancing Precision Agriculture: Machine Learning-Enhanced GPR Analysis for Root-Zone Soil Moisture Assessment in Mega Farms

IEEE Transactions on AgriFood Electronics

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IEEE Transactions on AgriFood Electronics 2025年第1期3卷 98-109页

作者： Namdari, Himan Moradikia, Majid Zekavat, Seyed Askari, Radwin Mangoubi, Oren Petkie, Doug Data Science Program WorcesterMA01609 United States Michigan Technological University Department of Geological and Mining Engineering and Sciences HoughtonMI48105 United States Physics Department WorcesterMA01609 United States

In this article, we investigate an intelligent ground penetrating radar (GPR) that facilitates root-zone soil moisture estimation, a key parameter in precision agriculture. To create an intelligent GPR, we must train machine learning (ML) methods applied to the GPR-received signal. This process requires a large number of labeled GPR data that would be time-consuming and labor-intensive if created via field measurements. This article uses gprMAX software to emulate drone-coupled GPR received signal to generate large-scale data for training ML models. The data are created via a 1.5 GHz Ricker waveform considering a three-layer soil consistent with a realistic soil horizon model. The approach is structured as follows: first, we generate a synthetic dataset using gprMAX. Feature engineering techniques are then employed to extract meaningful components from the GPR signals, followed by a rigorous selection process to identify the most effective ML model for soil moisture prediction. Finally, we validate our model by integrating synthetic data with real GPR data collected at the SoilX lab at Worcester Polytechnic Institute, enhancing prediction accuracy and generalization capability. Our proposed model achieves an overall average root-mean-squared error of 0.5%, and 1.56 cm for moisture and depth estimations, respectively. The proposed intelligent GPR, when installed on a drone, enables high horizontal (e.g., 10 m) and vertical (e.g., 1.5 cm) resolution and high penetration depth (beyond 2 m) megafarm root-zone 3-D moisture map creation. Thus, it offers much higher capabilities when compared to traditional methods, such as synthetic aperture radar and satellite imaging. These results facilitate efficient farming practices, such as optimizing irrigation models, for better crop yields and food security. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Soil moisture

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Hidden or Inferred: Fair Learning-to-Rank with Unknown Demographics 24

Hidden or Inferred: Fair Learning-to-Rank with Unknown Demog...

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Proceedings of the 2024 AAAI/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society

作者： Oluseun Olulana Kathleen Cachel Fabricio Murai Elke Rundensteiner Data Science Program Worcester Polytechnic Institute Worcester MA Data Science Program Worcester Polytechnic Institute Worcester MA and Computer Science Department Worcester Polytechnic Institute Worcester MA

As learning-to-rank models are increasingly deployed for decision-making in areas with profound life implications, the FairML community has been developing fair learning-to-rank (LTR) models. These models rely on the availability of sensitive demographic features such as race or sex. However, in practice, regulatory obstacles and privacy concerns protect this data from collection and use. As a result, practitioners may either need to promote fairness despite the absence of these features or turn to demographic inference tools to attempt to infer them. Given that these tools are fallible, this paper aims to further understand how errors in demographic inference impact the fairness performance of popular fair LTR strategies. In which cases would it be better to keep such demographic attributes hidden from models versus infer them? We examine a spectrum of fair LTR strategies ranging from fair LTR with and without demographic features hidden versus inferred to fairness-unaware LTR followed by fair re-ranking. We conduct a controlled empirical investigation modeling different levels of inference errors by systematically perturbing the inferred sensitive attribute. We also perform three case studies with real-world datasets and popular open-source inference methods. Our findings reveal that as inference noise grows, LTR-based methods that incorporate fairness considerations into the learning process may increase bias. In contrast, fair re-ranking strategies are more robust to inference errors. All source code, data, and experimental artifacts of our experimental study are available here: https://***/sewen007/***

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Group-Theoretical Perspective of Tree Editing

Group-Theoretical Perspective of Tree Editing

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IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics (ICCE)

作者： Tse-Yu Lin Data Science Degree Program National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan

ISBN: (数字)9798331521165

ISBN: (纸本)9798331521172

Tree Editing Distance is a widely applied quantity for measuring the similarity between hierarchical data structures, particularly trees. This paper reinterprets the TED problem using group action theory, exploring the connection between tree editing operations and permutation groups. By formulating node insertion, deletion, and relabeling as group actions, we offer a novel perspective on tree transformations. This group-theoretic and metric-based approach provides new insights into the structure of tree similarity and introduces new possibilities for TED applications in various fields.

关键词： data structures Consumer electronics

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Ecology, Spatial Structure, and Selection Pressure Induce Strong Signatures in Phylogenetic Structure

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Artificial life 2025年第2期31卷 129-152页

作者： Moreno, Matthew Andres Rodriguez-Papa, Santiago Dolson, Emily University of Michigan Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Center for the Study of Complex Systems Michigan Institute for Data and AI in Society Michigan State University Department of Computer Science and Engineering Michigan State University Department of Computer Science and Engineering Program in Ecology Evolution Behavior

Evolutionary dynamics are shaped by a variety of fundamental, generic drivers, including spatial structure, ecology, and selection pressure. These drivers impact the trajectory of evolution and have been hypothesized to influence phylogenetic structure. For instance, they can help explain natural history, steer behavior of contemporary evolving populations, and influence the efficacy of application-oriented evolutionary optimization. Likewise, in inquiry-oriented Artificial Life systems, these drivers constitute key building blocks for open-ended evolution. Here we set out to assess (a) if spatial structure, ecology, and selection pressure leave detectable signatures in phylogenetic structure;(b) the extent, in particular, to which ecology can be detected and discerned in the presence of spatial structure;and (c) the extent to which these phylogenetic signatures generalize across evolutionary systems. To this end, we analyze phylogenies generated by manipulating spatial structure, ecology, and selection pressure within three computational models of varied scope and sophistication. We find that selection pressure, spatial structure, and ecology have characteristic effects on phylogenetic metrics, although these effects are complex and not always intuitive. Signatures have some consistency across systems when using equivalent taxonomic unit definitions (e.g., individual, genotype, species). Furthermore, we find that sufficiently strong ecology can be detected in the presence of spatial structure. We also find that, while low-resolution phylogenetic reconstructions can bias some phylogenetic metrics, high-resolution reconstructions recapitulate them faithfully. Although our results suggest a potential for evolutionary inference of spatial structure, ecology, and selection pressure through phylogenetic analysis, further methods development is needed to distinguish these drivers' phylometric signatures from each other and to appropriately normalize phylogenetic metrics.

关键词： agent-based simulation Artificial Life Ecology evolution evolutionary dynamics phylogenetic analysis phylogeny metrics

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Bounding User Contributions in the Worst-Case for User-Level Differentially Private Mean Estimation

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Rameshwar, V. Arvind Tandon, Anshoo India Urban Data Exchange Program Unit Indian Institute of Science Bengaluru India

In this article, we revisit the well-studied problem of mean estimation under user-level Ε-differential privacy (DP). While user-level Ε-DP mechanisms for mean estimation, which typically bound (or clip) user contributions to reduce sensitivity, are well-known, an analysis of their estimation errors usually assumes that the data samples are independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.), and sometimes also that all participating users contribute the same number of samples (data homogeneity). Our main result is a precise characterization of the worst-case estimation error under general clipping strategies, for heterogeneous data, and as a by-product, the clipping strategy that gives rise to the smallest worst-case error. Interestingly, we show via experimental studies that even for i.i.d. samples, our clipping strategy performs uniformly better that the well-known clipping strategy of Amin et al. (2019), which involves additional, private parameter estimation. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Differential privacy

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