This study aims to determine the effect of roasting temperature on chemical content of coffee beans at various fruit maturity. Robusta coffee was obtained from Karawang Regency, West Java. After picking, sortation, an...
This study aims to determine the effect of roasting temperature on chemical content of coffee beans at various fruit maturity. Robusta coffee was obtained from Karawang Regency, West Java. After picking, sortation, and drying in the sun to 10% moisture content, the coffee beans were roasted at 190°C, 200°C, 210°C for 12 minutes. Physical properties observed were weight loss during the roasting. The chemical content observed were water, caffeine, fat, chlorogenic acid and ash before and after roasting. Chemical content analysis was performed using gravimetric methods, soxhlet extraction, and UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The color, aroma and flavor of roasted bean were conducted by organoleptic test. The results obtained, the ripe coffee bean with roasting temperature of 210°C is the best, which gives the lowest yield. The unripe green beans have the highest water content. The roasting temperature did not provide a significant difference in fat, caffeine, chlorogenic acid, and ash content. Organoleptic test results (color and aroma) showed that the mature beans with roasting temperature of 200-210°C were the most preferred, while the coffee brew most preferred was overripe bean with the roasting temperature of 200°C.
The purchasing strategy of commodities in a construction project is one of the things that determine the success of a project. Commodities in construction projects are very diverse, thus the commodity purchasing strat...
The purchasing strategy of commodities in a construction project is one of the things that determine the success of a project. Commodities in construction projects are very diverse, thus the commodity purchasing strategy will be focused on strategic commodities. Important strategic commodities are determined by contractors in managing logistics to support the implementation of the projects they are working on. This paper discusses the purchasing strategy for small-sized contractors who are usually working on building projects in Greater Bandung areas. The methodology used for this study were identifying strategic commodities by conducting a survey of 10 small-sized contractors in Greater Bandung areas, getting an assessment of strategic commodities, and to trace the historical data of the project, confirming the value of purchasing strategic commodities, then analyze the appropriate purchasing strategy by doing literature review while considering the nature of strategic commodities. The results of the study show that strategic commodities in buildings are sand, cement, concrete, reinforcing steel, brick, and glass.
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. One type of cancer that causes death in the male population is prostate cancer. This disease occurs only in men because in women they do not have a prostate appe...
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. One type of cancer that causes death in the male population is prostate cancer. This disease occurs only in men because in women they do not have a prostate appearance. The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of the model with the predictions of prostate cancer specialists. Prediction is made based on prostate specific antigen data, age, and patient prostate volume. The independent variables in this study were prostate specific antigen, age, and prostate volume. The dependent variable is the risk of prostate cancer using a fuzzy model. The novelty of this study is that the model has a low, moderate, high, and very high prostate cancer risk level output. In the previous article only PCR values were produced. The results show that the proposed fuzzy model provides a PCR value that is within the PCR interval predicted by a specialist doctor can be used properly to help diagnose and analyze the possibility of prostate cancer and is one of the considerations for doctors to decide whether or not a biopsy is needed for these patients.
Metformin is an antidiabetic drug that can be obtained easily in pharmacies/on the market, because it is traded freely, so people can easily buy and consume it. Ferrous metal, aluminum metal, and zinc metals are metal...
Metformin is an antidiabetic drug that can be obtained easily in pharmacies/on the market, because it is traded freely, so people can easily buy and consume it. Ferrous metal, aluminum metal, and zinc metals are metal quite easy to find and are often used by the public. Metformin and Ferrous metal, aluminum metal and zinc metals are metal are quite familiar in the community. This research aims to deconcentrate metformin which can be obtained easily in pharmacies / on the market by electrolysis method, using ferrous metal, aluminum metal, and zinc metals are as an anode and carbon as the cathode. Electrolysis of metformin has been carried out using ferrous metal, aluminum metal, and zinc metal as an anode. The success of the electrolysis process was seen with a decrease in the sample COD index. In the case without the addition of electrolytes using ferrous metals, the COD index of the sample reduction was very low (9-17%). This research aims to increase the success of the electrolysis process, by adding various kinds of electrolytes, such as acetic acid (weak electrolytes), hydrochloric acid (strong electrolytes), sodium chloride and Fenton reagents. The addition of electrolytes can increase electrolysis yield significantly. The interaction between metformin during electrolysis is traced to the possibility of changes in the chromophore group (with UV-Visible spectra) and the functional group (with FTIR spectra) of the sample. From the research data obtained information that there is a decrease and shift in UV-Visible spectra and changes in functional groups after the electrolysis process occurs. The best electrolysis percentage is obtained, after adding NaCl solution and Fenton's reagent in the range of 50 -66%.
The city of Banda Aceh has a geological location that is prone to earthquakes and tsunamis. In 2004, the tsunami damaged the city structure, and many victims died. When the tsunami struck the area, a mosque was used a...
The city of Banda Aceh has a geological location that is prone to earthquakes and tsunamis. In 2004, the tsunami damaged the city structure, and many victims died. When the tsunami struck the area, a mosque was used as an evacuation building. Its scatter existence in residential areas made it easy to reach, but several mosques could not be used as an evacuation building. The purpose of this study was to explore the function of mosques as tsunami evacuation building through place attachment studies using qualitative methods and depth interviews to identify public attachment factors. To measure place attachment, this research used three variables, i.e. socio-demographic, environmental experience, and familiarity with the place. This study also used the space forming variables, which include meaning, function, and form to see the public attachment to a mosque as an evacuation shelter building. The results showed that place attachment to a mosque was influenced by its meaning as a sacred place. The majority of people in Banda Aceh are Muslim and have Islamic cultural backgrounds. People's routine activities form strong bonds to a mosque. Acehnese culture to glorify guests is reflected in mosque building design by exploring open walls, ease of accessibility, and spread presence in residential areas. These cultural characteristics strengthen the opportunity to make mosques as tsunami evacuation shelter buildings in Banda Aceh.
The increasing population at Teluk Pemedas and Sanipah coastal areas of Kutai Kartanegara Regency, East Kalimantan Province, has led to coastal degradation. The problem was mainly caused by conversion of mangrove into...
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Dioscorea alata (DA) mucilage is classified as water-soluble polysaccharides, which has potential as a source of hydrocolloid. This research was conducted to investigate effects of salt types on water to tuber ratio t...
Dioscorea alata (DA) mucilage is classified as water-soluble polysaccharides, which has potential as a source of hydrocolloid. This research was conducted to investigate effects of salt types on water to tuber ratio to produce the most optimal mucilage yield. This research was conducted using Completely Randomized Factorial Design 3 x 5. The DA mucilage was extracted using two factors, i.e., types of salt (without salt, sodium chloride, and calcium chloride) and water to tuber ratios (2:1, 4:1, 6:1, 8:1, and 10:1). The results showed that the types of salt significantly affect (P<0.05) on starch content, but did not have a significant effect on mucilage yield and water content of the mucilage. The water to tuber ratios significantly affected (p<0.05) the mucilage yield and starch content of the mucilage, however it did not affect the water content. Addition of calcium chloride when water to tuber ratio was 4:1 was recommended to produce the optimal mucilage yield (1.58%) with relatively low starch content (7.86%).
One of the competencies needed currently is non-routine competency in solving a complex problem. Students with complex problem solving will be able to identify the complex problem, understand to review related informa...
One of the competencies needed currently is non-routine competency in solving a complex problem. Students with complex problem solving will be able to identify the complex problem, understand to review related information, and create solutions for the problems. However, the improvement of complex problem-solving abilities lacks attention. This phenomenon occurs when students are given problem-solving, students have not been able to understand the problem, plan solutions, and provide solutions to problems. To overcome these problems, the LAPS-Talk-Ball learning model integrated with interactive games that guide the students in solving problems was implemented by using interactive games and speech balloons to stimulate each student to express their ideas. This research is quantitative experimental research to determine the success of the LAPS-Talk-Ball learning model integrated with android-based interactive games in training complex problem-solving students using saturated sampling and non-equivalent control group research designs. From the results of gain test results high improvement category, which means that the LAPS-Talk-Ball learning model integrated with android-based interactive games can train the complex problem-solving abilities of students.
Biogasoline as an alternative fuel from vegetable oil is increasingly being studied by universities, research institutions, governments and others. The fact that the low yield of biogasoline is produced, the length of...
Biogasoline as an alternative fuel from vegetable oil is increasingly being studied by universities, research institutions, governments and others. The fact that the low yield of biogasoline is produced, the length of reaction time, how much energy is needed during the reaction, the high reaction temperature and expensive operating costs is a challenge in the scientific world to improve and develop further research. An appropriate process technology is needed in order to produce biogasoline fuel which is equivalent to the results of petroleum fractionation. Catalytic cracking process is one of the processes that are widely studied to produce biogasoline. Along with the development of biogasoline production, the use of catalysts in the cracking process has become increasingly diverse. It is in this paper that various biogasoline production with cracking processes using catalysts focused on zeolite and zeolite catalysts modified with metals will be reviewed, including an overview of cracking raw materials, types and characteristics of zeolite catalysts, operating conditions, and how the performance of each catalyst. Zeolite catalyst which is a heterogeneous catalyst is considered to have a good ability in selectivity, activity, and ease of modification so it is very influential on cracking results. Some zeolite catalysts modified with metals such as Zn/Zeolite, Au/HZSM-5, Ni-Mo/zeolite, Pd/HZSM-5, Pt/HZSM-5 are reported to be able to provide good performance to increase biogasoline yield and certainly become a useful new catalyst in the scientific world.
The following topics are dealt with: battery powered vehicles; finite element analysis; lithium compounds; secondary cells; electric vehicles; hybrid electric vehicles; battery management systems; automobiles; electro...
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The following topics are dealt with: battery powered vehicles; finite element analysis; lithium compounds; secondary cells; electric vehicles; hybrid electric vehicles; battery management systems; automobiles; electrochemical electrodes; optimisation.
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